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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> |
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<html lang="en-US"> |
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> |
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<meta http-equiv="content-style-type" content="text/css"> |
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="media/caitsith.css" media="all" type="text/css"> |
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<title>CaitSith Documentation</title> |
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<h1>CaitSith -- A simplified access restriction module for system protection.</h1> |
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<p>CaitSith is an access restriction module for Linux systems. This module gives you ability to restrict access (e.g. opening files, executing programs) at the kernel level. This module is designed for ease of use.</p> |
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<p>Below is documentation and policy syntax but is under construction. Sorry.</p> |
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<hr> |
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<h1><a href="#how_to_use">How to use</a></h1> |
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<p><a href="#difference_with_tomoyo">1. Difference with TOMOYO (for existing TOMOYO users)</a></p> |
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<ul> |
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<li><a href="#1.1">1.1. About pathnames and management programs</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#1.2">1.2. About policy syntax</a></li> |
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</ul> |
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<p><a href="#how_to_install">2. How to install</a></p> |
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<ul> |
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<li><a href="#2.1">2.1. Install dependencies</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#2.2">2.2. Download and patch the kernel</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#2.3">2.3. Configure the kernel</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#2.4">2.4. Compile and install the kernel</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#2.5">2.5. Install the userspace tools</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#2.6">2.6. Initializing configuration</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#2.7">2.7. Configuring your bootloader</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#2.8">2.8. Rebooting your system</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#2.9">2.9. How can I disable/uninstall CaitSith?</a></li> |
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</ul> |
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<p><a href="#how_to_develop_policy">3. How to develop policy</a></p> |
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<ul> |
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<li><a href="#3.1">3.1. Policy file structure</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#3.2">3.2. Updating policy configuration</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#3.3">3.3. Example of simple access restriction rule</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#3.4">3.4. Using string arguments in conditions</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#3.5">3.5. Using numeric arguments in conditions</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#3.6">3.6. Using process's information in conditions</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#3.7">3.7. Using IP address arguments in conditions</a></li> |
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</ul> |
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<h1><a href="#policy_specification">Policy Specification</a></h1> |
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<ul> |
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<li><a href="#available_parameters">1. About parameters which can be handled via policy</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#string_expression">1.1. String parameters representation rule</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#numeric_expression">1.2. Numeric parameters representation rule</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#ipaddress_expression">1.3. IP address parameters representation rule</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#conditions">2. About conditional expressions</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#string_comparison">2.1. Conditional expressions which handle string parameters</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#integer_comparison">2.2. Conditional expressions which handle numeric parameters</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#ipaddr_comparison">2.3. Conditional expressions which handle IP address parameters</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#task_attributes_comparison">2.4. Conditional expressions which handle current thread's attributes</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#argv_comparison">2.5. Conditional expressions which handle command line arguments</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#envp_comparison">2.6. Conditional expressions which handle environment variable arguments</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#dac_permission_comparison">2.7. Conditional expressions which handle file's DAC permissions</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#file_type_comparison">2.8. Conditional expressions which handle file's type</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#file_attributes_comparison">2.9. Conditional expressions which handle file's attributes</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#syntax_list">3. List of syntaxes sorted by operations</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#policy_syntaxes">4. Policy syntaxes</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#policy_structure_definition">4.1. Definition</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#policy_examples">4.2. Examples</a></li> |
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</ul> |
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<hr> |
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<h1><a name="how_to_use">How to use</a></h1> |
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<h2><a name="difference_with_tomoyo">1. Difference with TOMOYO (for existing TOMOYO users)</a></h2> |
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<p>CaitSith was derived from TOMOYO Linux, but usage of CaitSith would be too different to imagine that CaitSith was derived from TOMOYO Linux. If you are already using TOMOYO Linux, please read the difference described below.</p> |
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<h3><a name="1.1">1.1. About pathnames and management programs</a></h3> |
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<p>/proc/ccs/domain_policy /proc/ccs/exception_policy /proc/ccs/profile /proc/ccs/manager /proc/ccs/stat has been aggregated into /proc/caitsith/policy</p> |
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<p>/etc/ccs/policy/current/domain_policy.conf /etc/ccs/policy/current/exception_policy.conf /etc/ccs/policy/current/profile.conf /etc/ccs/policy/current/manager.conf /etc/ccs/policy/current/stat.conf has been aggregated into /etc/caitsith/policy/current</p> |
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<p>Built-in policy files which are located in security/ccsecurity/policy/domain_policy.conf security/ccsecurity/policy/exception_policy.conf security/ccsecurity/policy/profile.conf security/ccsecurity/policy/manager.conf security/ccsecurity/policy/stat.conf under kernel source directory have been aggregated into security/caitsith/policy/policy.conf</p> |
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<p>Only /sbin/caitsith-init /usr/sbin/caitsith-auditd /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy /usr/sbin/caitsith-notifyd /usr/sbin/caitsith-pstree /usr/sbin/caitsith-queryd /usr/sbin/caitsith-savepolicy /usr/lib/caitsith/audit-exec-param /usr/lib/caitsith/caitsith-agent /usr/lib/caitsith/init_policy are provided for managing policy. (In other words, programs such as /usr/sbin/ccs-editpolicy and /usr/sbin/ccs-setprofile have been removed.)</p> |
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<p>Command line arguments for specifying type of policy to load/save has been removed from /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy and /usr/sbin/caitsith-savepolicy</p> |
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<p>Command line arguments for specifying profile type has been removed from /usr/lib/caitsith/init_policy</p> |
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<h3><a name="1.2">1.2. About policy syntax</a></h3> |
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<p>Policy syntax has been drastically changed. TOMOYO Linux used process's domainname as a key for grouping permissions to do some operations. In other words, TOMOYO Linux's policy is collection of "which domain can do ..." rules. On the other hand, this version uses operation as a key for checking permission. In other words, this version's policy is collection of "which operation can be done by ..." rules. This change is intended for allowing users to protect resources using blacklisting approach. In this version, process's domainname is nothing but one of optional parameters that can be used for controlling whether to grant or deny specific operations. Users can write rules without managing domainnames unless needed.</p> |
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<p>Process's domainname representation has changed from space delimited multiple words (e.g. "<kernel> /sbin/init /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit") to a single word (e.g. "/sbin/init").</p> |
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<p>Domain transitions no longer happen unless explicitly specified by policy.</p> |
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<p>Distinction of disabled/learning/permissive/enforcing mode has been removed.</p> |
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<p>"path_group" keyword has been renamed to "string_group", and "address_group" keyword has been renamed to "ip_group".</p> |
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<p>Representation of \ character has been changed from \\ to \134.</p> |
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<p>Distinction between directory's pathname and non-directory's pathname has been removed by removing / character from directory's pathname.</p> |
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<p>A new wildcard /\(dir\)/ has been introduced for helping converting from (e.g.) "/tmp/\{\*\}/" to "/tmp/\(\*\)/\*", for directory's pathname (except the root directory itself) no longer ends with / character which previously matched /\{\*\}/ wildcard.</p> |
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<p>Category keywords (i.e. "file", "network", "ipc", "misc", "capability", "task") have been removed because access control levels which was specified using profile has been removed. Some of operation keywords have been renamed (e.g. "network inet stream connect" became "inet_stream_connect", "misc env" became "environ").</p> |
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<p>"task auto_execute_handler" keyword has been renamed to "handler=" argument of "execute" keyword. This is intended for using execute handler for preprocessing purpose when executing specific programs rather than when executing from specific domains. "task denied_execute_handler" keyword has been removed.</p> |
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<p>Domain argument has been removed from permission to send signals (i.e. "signal" directive), for kill() system call accepts negative number for specifying multiple processes. It is impossible to selectively deny sending signals because it is not permitted to sleep while sending signals.</p> |
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<p>Restriction granularity for ptrace operation has changed from boolean (i.e. "capability SYS_PTRACE") to command number + domainname.</p> |
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<p>Restriction granularity for environment variables has changed from name only to both name and values.</p> |
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<p>Several variables for referencing file's attributes have been added.</p> |
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<p>Local port reserve functionality (i.e. "deny_autobind" keyword) has been removed.</p> |
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<h2><a name="how_to_install">2. How to install</a></h2> |
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<p>Since CaitSith is a kernel component, you will have to compile your own kernel.</p> |
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<h3><a name="2.1">2.1. Install dependencies</a></h3> |
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<p>These packages are required for compiling the kernel and the userspace tools:</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li><strong>wget</strong>: to download sources</li> |
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<li><strong>patch</strong>: to patch the kernel</li> |
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<li><strong>gcc</strong>: to build the kernel and tools</li> |
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<li><strong>make</strong>: to build the kernel and tools</li> |
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<li><strong>ncurses-devel</strong> or <strong>libncurses-dev</strong>: to build the tools</li> |
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</ul> |
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<p>These can be installed with the following commands:</p> |
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<p><strong>RedHat distributions</strong></p> |
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<pre class="command"> |
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# yum -y install wget patch gcc make ncurses-devel |
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</pre> |
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<p><strong>Debian distributions</strong></p> |
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<pre class="command"> |
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# apt-get -y install wget patch gcc make libncurses-dev |
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</pre> |
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<p><strong>SUSE distributions</strong></p> |
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<pre class="command"> |
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# yast -i wget patch gcc make ncurses-devel |
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</pre> |
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<h3><a name="2.2">2.2. Download and patch the kernel</a></h3> |
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<p>Download the kernel source from <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/">linux-2.6</a> or <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.0/">linux-3</a>.<br> |
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Linux kernel 2.6.27 and later are supported from the linux-2.6 tree.<br> |
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Linux kernel 3.0 and later are supported from the linux-3 tree.</p> |
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<p>Extract the kernel source and go to the extracted directory.<br> |
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In the operations below, "$VERSION.$PATCHLEVEL.diff" should for example be replaced with "3.3.diff" if using Linux kernel 3.3.1 :</p> |
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<pre class="command"> |
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$ wget -O caitsith-patch-0.1-20120401.tar.gz 'http://sourceforge.jp/frs/redir.php?m=jaist&f=/caitsith/55464/caitsith-patch-0.1-20120401.tar.gz' |
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$ wget -O caitsith-patch-0.1-20120401.tar.gz.asc 'http://sourceforge.jp/frs/redir.php?m=jaist&f=/caitsith/55464/caitsith-patch-0.1-20120401.tar.gz.asc' |
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$ wget http://I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp/kumaneko-key |
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$ gpg --import kumaneko-key |
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$ gpg caitsith-patch-0.1-20120401.tar.gz.asc |
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$ tar -zxf caitsith-patch-0.1-20120401.tar.gz |
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$ cat patches/ccs-patch-$VERSION.$PATCHLEVEL.diff | sed -e 's/CCSECURITY/CAITSITH/g' -e 's/ccsecurity/caitsith/g' | patch -sp1 |
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</pre> |
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<h3><a name="2.3">2.3. Configure the kernel</a></h3> |
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<pre class="command"> |
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$ make -s menuconfig |
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</pre> |
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<p>Choose the following options in "Security options" section:</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li>[*] CaitSith support</li> |
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<li>[ ] Compile as loadable kernel module</li> |
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<li>[ ] Disable by default</li> |
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<li>[ ] Do not modify 'struct task_struct' in order to keep KABI</li> |
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<li>[ ] Activate without calling userspace policy loader.</li> |
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<li>(/sbin/caitsith-init) Location of userspace policy loader</li> |
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<li>(/sbin/init) Trigger for calling userspace policy loader</li> |
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<li>[*] Enable readdir operation restriction.</li> |
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<li>[*] Enable getattr operation restriction.</li> |
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<li>[*] Enable socket operation restriction.</li> |
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<li>[*] Enable non-POSIX capability operation restriction.</li> |
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<li>[*] Enable ptrace operation restriction.</li> |
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<li>[*] Enable kill operation restriction.</li> |
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<li>[*] Enable environment variable names/values restriction.</li> |
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<li>[*] Enable execute handler functionality.</li> |
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<li>[*] Enable domain transition without program execution request.</li> |
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<li>[*] Enable automatic domain transition.</li> |
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</ul> |
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<p><em>"Compile as loadable kernel module"</em> is useful when there is a file size limitation for vmlinux (e.g. embedded systems).</p> |
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<p><em>"Disable by default"</em> will enable CaitSith only when "caitsith=on" is passed to the kernel's command line options. If this option is not selected, "caitsith=off" will disable CaitSith.</p> |
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<p><em>"Do not modify 'struct task_struct' in order to keep KABI"</em> will manage "struct task_struct" variables outside "struct task_struct" in order to avoid Kernel Application Binary Interface (KABI) breakage. Choose this option if wanting to patch against distributor's kernels without breaking KABI. However, since "struct caitsith_operations" must be exported to loadable kernel modules (LKMs) in order to allow them to call CaitSith's functions, build scripts may still print warning messages.</p> |
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<p>There are two types of CaitSith's policy configuration. The former is embedded into the kernel and the latter is saved as files on the filesystems (e.g. /etc/caitsith/ directory). You will need to rebuild the kernel whenever updating the former, but allows you to load policy without using userspace policy loader (e.g. /sbin/caitsith-init ). The latter is loaded by executing userspace policy loader when the access control by CaitSith is about to be activated (e.g. when /sbin/init starts). <em>Activate without calling userspace policy loader.</em> allows you to activate access control by CaitSith as soon as the former is loaded. This option is useful when it is difficult to call policy loader (e.g. embedded systems).</p> |
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<p><em>Location of userspace policy loader</em> is available only when <em>Activate without calling userspace policy loader.</em> is not selected. This option specifies the default pathname of the userspace policy loader. You can override this setting via the "CCS_loader=" kernel command-line option.</p> |
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<p><em>Trigger for calling userspace policy loader</em> is available only when <em>Activate without calling userspace policy loader.</em> is not selected. This option specifies the default pathname of the activation trigger. You can override this setting via the "CCS_trigger=" kernel command-line option. For example, if you pass "init=/bin/systemd" option, you may also want to pass "CCS_trigger=/bin/systemd" option.</p> |
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<h3><a name="2.4">2.4. Compile and install the kernel</a></h3> |
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<p>The policy configuration which will be embedded into the kernel needs to exist as security/caitsith/policy/policy.conf . But you can proceed without creating that file because you don't have the policy configuration to embed as of this step. (You may come back here after you developed policy configuration to embed.)</p> |
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<p>Once the kernel has been configured, compile and install the kernel with the following commands:</p> |
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<pre class="command"> |
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$ make -s |
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$ su |
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# make -s modules_install install |
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</pre> |
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<p>Create initrd/initramfs if required.</p> |
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<h3><a name="2.5">2.5. Install the userspace tools</a></h3> |
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<p>Make sure the dependencies described above have been installed. Compile and install the tools with the following commands:</p> |
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<pre class="command"> |
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$ wget -O caitsith-tools-0.1-20120401.tar.gz 'http://sourceforge.jp/frs/redir.php?m=jaist&f=/caitsith/55465/caitsith-tools-0.1-20120401.tar.gz' |
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$ wget -O caitsith-tools-0.1-20120401.tar.gz.asc 'http://sourceforge.jp/frs/redir.php?m=jaist&f=/caitsith/55465/caitsith-tools-0.1-20120401.tar.gz.asc' |
| 242 |
|
|
$ gpg caitsith-tools-0.1-20120401.tar.gz.asc |
| 243 |
|
|
$ tar -zxf caitsith-tools-0.1-20120401.tar.gz |
| 244 |
kumaneko |
10 |
$ cd caitsith-tools/ |
| 245 |
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15 |
$ make -s USRLIBDIR=/usr/lib |
| 246 |
|
|
$ su |
| 247 |
|
|
# make -s USRLIBDIR=/usr/lib install |
| 248 |
|
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</pre> |
| 249 |
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|
| 250 |
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15 |
<p>Please change USRLIBDIR=/usr/lib to USRLIBDIR=/usr/lib64 (for 64bits userspace) or USRLIBDIR=/usr/lib32 (for 32bits userspace) if needed.</p> |
| 251 |
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|
| 252 |
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<p>Programs listed below are main userspace tools used for administrating CaitSith.</p> |
| 253 |
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|
| 254 |
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<ul> |
| 255 |
|
|
<li>/sbin/caitsith-init</li> |
| 256 |
|
|
<li>/usr/sbin/caitsith-auditd</li> |
| 257 |
|
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<li>/usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy</li> |
| 258 |
|
|
<li>/usr/sbin/caitsith-notifyd</li> |
| 259 |
|
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<li>/usr/sbin/caitsith-pstree</li> |
| 260 |
|
|
<li>/usr/sbin/caitsith-queryd</li> |
| 261 |
|
|
<li>/usr/sbin/caitsith-savepolicy</li> |
| 262 |
|
|
</ul> |
| 263 |
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|
|
| 264 |
|
|
<p>You will probably want to add /usr/sbin to your PATH so that the commands can be run easily. If you are using <code>/bin/bash</code>, append the following line to ~/.bashrc:</p> |
| 265 |
|
|
|
| 266 |
|
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<pre> |
| 267 |
|
|
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/sbin |
| 268 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 269 |
|
|
|
| 270 |
|
|
<h3><a name="2.6">2.6. Initializing configuration</a></h3> |
| 271 |
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|
|
| 272 |
|
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<p>Before you can make use of CaitSith, an initialization procedure must take place. This prepares the files in which policy information will be stored. All policy files are <strong>stored in the "/etc/caitsith/" directory</strong>.</p> |
| 273 |
|
|
|
| 274 |
|
|
<p>Run the following command as root user to initialize:</p> |
| 275 |
|
|
|
| 276 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 277 |
|
|
# /usr/lib/caitsith/init_policy |
| 278 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 279 |
|
|
<pre class="output"> |
| 280 |
|
|
Creating policy directory... OK |
| 281 |
|
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Creating configuration directory... OK |
| 282 |
|
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Creating default policy... OK. |
| 283 |
|
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Creating module loader... OK. |
| 284 |
|
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Creating configuration file for caitsith-auditd ... OK. |
| 285 |
|
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Creating configuration file for caitsith-notifyd ... OK. |
| 286 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 287 |
|
|
|
| 288 |
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<p>CaitSith can generate audit logs and allows you to read them via /proc/caitsith/audit interface. To save /proc/caitsith/audit automatically, start /usr/sbin/caitsith-auditd from somewhere. Default setting (specified in /etc/caitsith/tools/auditd.conf) sends access allowed logs to /dev/null, access unmatched logs to /var/log/caitsith/unmatched.log, access denied logs to /var/log/caitsith/denied.log. (The meaning and example of allowed/unmatched/denied will be explained in <a href="#3.3">Example of simple access restriction rule</a>.)</p> |
| 289 |
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|
| 290 |
|
|
<p>CaitSith can ask for your decision about access requests which will be denied unless you grant them via /proc/caitsith/query interface. To notify immediately the occurrence of access requests which CaitSith is about to deny, start /usr/sbin/caitsith-notifyd from somewhere. Default setting (specified in /etc/caitsith/tools/notifyd.conf) sends mails to root@localhost with subject "Notification from caitsith-notifyd" up to once per a minute.</p> |
| 291 |
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|
|
| 292 |
|
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<p>Below example launches /usr/sbin/caitsith-auditd and /usr/sbin/caitsith-notifyd from /etc/rc.local script:</p> |
| 293 |
|
|
|
| 294 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 295 |
|
|
#!/bin/sh |
| 296 |
|
|
# |
| 297 |
|
|
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts. |
| 298 |
|
|
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't |
| 299 |
|
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# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff. |
| 300 |
|
|
|
| 301 |
|
|
touch /var/lock/subsys/local |
| 302 |
|
|
/usr/sbin/caitsith-auditd |
| 303 |
|
|
/usr/sbin/caitsith-notifyd |
| 304 |
|
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</pre> |
| 305 |
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|
|
| 306 |
|
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<h3><a name="2.7">2.7. Configuring your bootloader</a></h3> |
| 307 |
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|
| 308 |
|
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<p>Now edit your bootloader (e.g. GRUB) to include the kernel you have just compiled. If the <em>"Disable by default"</em> option was selected during kernel configuration, remember to include "caitsith=on" in the kernel boot options. Consult the documentation for your distribution and bootloader to find out how to boot your CaitSith kernel.</p> |
| 309 |
|
|
|
| 310 |
|
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<p>CaitSith supports the kernel boot option "CCS_trigger". This is useful for systems that run a program other than <code>/sbin/init</code> on startup, for example when booting using systemd which uses <code>/bin/systemd</code>. In this case, you should include "CCS_trigger=/bin/systemd" in the kernel boot options.</p> |
| 311 |
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|
|
| 312 |
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<pre> |
| 313 |
|
|
# grub.conf generated by anaconda |
| 314 |
|
|
# |
| 315 |
|
|
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file |
| 316 |
|
|
# NOTICE: You do not have a /boot partition. This means that |
| 317 |
|
|
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg. |
| 318 |
|
|
# root (hd0,0) |
| 319 |
|
|
# kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda1 |
| 320 |
|
|
# initrd /boot/initrd-[generic-]version.img |
| 321 |
|
|
#boot=/dev/sda |
| 322 |
|
|
default=1 |
| 323 |
|
|
timeout=5 |
| 324 |
|
|
splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz |
| 325 |
|
|
#hiddenmenu |
| 326 |
|
|
title CentOS (3.2.14-caitsith) |
| 327 |
|
|
root (hd0,0) |
| 328 |
|
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kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.14-caitsith ro root=UUID=cc8371f3-bb2c-47b4-bd8f-318124f523df rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=jp106 crashkernel=auto |
| 329 |
|
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initrd /boot/initramfs-3.2.14-caitsith.img |
| 330 |
|
|
title CentOS (2.6.32-220.7.1.el6.i686) |
| 331 |
|
|
root (hd0,0) |
| 332 |
|
|
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-220.7.1.el6.i686 ro root=UUID=cc8371f3-bb2c-47b4-bd8f-318124f523df rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=jp106 crashkernel=auto |
| 333 |
|
|
initrd /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-220.7.1.el6.i686.img |
| 334 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 335 |
|
|
|
| 336 |
kumaneko |
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<h3><a name="2.8">2.8. Rebooting your system</a></h3> |
| 337 |
|
|
|
| 338 |
kumaneko |
16 |
<p>Now you have finished all preparation. Reboot your system and choose the entry with CaitSith kernel at the GRUB screen, or at whatever other bootloader you have installed:</p> |
| 339 |
kumaneko |
15 |
|
| 340 |
kumaneko |
16 |
<img src="media/grub-screen.png" alt="grub-screen.png" title="Select CaitSith enabled kernel" width="640" height="480"> |
| 341 |
kumaneko |
15 |
|
| 342 |
|
|
<p>If everything was installed properly and the bootloader was correctly configured, the kernel should boot as normal and CaitSith should be activated:</p> |
| 343 |
|
|
|
| 344 |
kumaneko |
16 |
<img src="media/caitsith-activated.png" alt="caitsith-activated.png" title="CaitSith activated" width="720" height="400"> |
| 345 |
kumaneko |
15 |
|
| 346 |
|
|
<h3><a name="2.9">2.9. How can I disable/uninstall CaitSith?</a></h3> |
| 347 |
|
|
|
| 348 |
|
|
<p>If your system becomes unable to boot during the course of this guide or any time in the future, it may be due to policy configuration or something related to CaitSith. If this is the case, it is possible that the kernel can still be booted by disabling CaitSith. This can be done by appending "caitsith=off" at the kernel command-line parameters.</p> |
| 349 |
|
|
|
| 350 |
|
|
<p>CaitSith fortunately does not require the modification of any existing Linux binaries, libraries or applications. Thus, uninstalling CaitSith is very easy. It is simply a matter of uninstalling the kernel and userspace tools that you installed above. You can reboot with the kernel provided by your distribution and then remove the entry from your bootloader.</p> |
| 351 |
|
|
|
| 352 |
kumaneko |
10 |
<h2><a name="how_to_develop_policy">3. How to develop policy</a></h2> |
| 353 |
|
|
|
| 354 |
kumaneko |
16 |
<h3><a name="3.1">3.1. Policy file structure</a></h3> |
| 355 |
kumaneko |
10 |
|
| 356 |
kumaneko |
16 |
<p>CaitSith's policy file consists with "Header part" and "ACL part".</p> |
| 357 |
kumaneko |
10 |
|
| 358 |
kumaneko |
17 |
<h4><a name="3.1.1">3.1.1. Header part of policy file</a></h4> |
| 359 |
|
|
|
| 360 |
kumaneko |
16 |
<p>Header part consists with below lines.</p> |
| 361 |
kumaneko |
10 |
|
| 362 |
kumaneko |
16 |
<pre> |
| 363 |
|
|
POLICY_VERSION=20120401 |
| 364 |
kumaneko |
17 |
stat $stat_name $stat_value |
| 365 |
kumaneko |
16 |
quota memory policy $max_byte_for_policy |
| 366 |
|
|
quota memory audit $max_byte_for_audit_logs |
| 367 |
|
|
quota memory query $max_byte_for_query |
| 368 |
|
|
quota audit[$audit_index] allowed=$max_logs_for_allowed_request unmatched=$max_logs_for_unmatched_request denied=$max_logs_for_denied_request |
| 369 |
|
|
string_group $string_group_name $string_group_member |
| 370 |
|
|
number_group $number_group_name $number_group_member |
| 371 |
|
|
ip_group $ip_group_name $ip_group_member |
| 372 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 373 |
kumaneko |
10 |
|
| 374 |
kumaneko |
16 |
<ul> |
| 375 |
|
|
<li>POLICY_VERSION line defines policy version.</li> |
| 376 |
kumaneko |
17 |
<li>stat lines are for showing statistics information such as memory usage. $stat_name and $stat_value are simply ignored.</li> |
| 377 |
kumaneko |
16 |
<li>$max_byte_for_policy is max amount of memory in byte which can be allocated for policy. Default is unlimited.</li> |
| 378 |
|
|
<li>$max_byte_for_audit_logs is max amount of memory in byte which can be allocated for audit logs. Default is unlimited. $max_byte_for_audit_logs=16777216 should be sufficient.</li> |
| 379 |
|
|
<li>$max_byte_for_query is max amount of memory in byte which can be allocated for interactive enforcement. Default is unlimited. $max_byte_for_audit_logs=1048576 should be sufficient.</li> |
| 380 |
|
|
<li>quota audit[$audit_index] lines (0 <= $audit_index <= 255) are max number of audit logs which can be held in the kernel space. $max_logs_for_allowed_request is for allowed requests. $max_logs_for_unmatched_request is for unmatched requests. $max_logs_for_denied_request is for denied requests. Default is 0. Unless you have special reasons, you should set 0 to $max_logs_for_allowed_request. Regarding $max_logs_for_unmatched_request and $max_logs_for_denied_request, 1024 should be sufficient.</li> |
| 381 |
|
|
<li>string_group $string_group_name lines define group of strings. $string_group_member is a member for $string_group_name group.</li> |
| 382 |
|
|
<li>number_group $number_group_name lines define group of numbers. $number_group_member is a member for $number_group_name group.</li> |
| 383 |
|
|
<li>ip_group $ip_group_name lines define group of IP addresses. $ip_group_member is a member for $ip_group_name group.</li> |
| 384 |
|
|
</ul> |
| 385 |
kumaneko |
10 |
|
| 386 |
kumaneko |
17 |
<h4><a name="3.1.2">3.1.2. ACL part of policy file</a></h4> |
| 387 |
kumaneko |
16 |
|
| 388 |
kumaneko |
17 |
<p>ACL part consists with 0 or more repetitions of below block.</p> |
| 389 |
|
|
|
| 390 |
kumaneko |
16 |
<pre> |
| 391 |
|
|
$acl_priority acl $operation $conditions_to_filter |
| 392 |
|
|
audit $audit_index |
| 393 |
|
|
$cond_priority $decision $conditions_to_allow_or_deny |
| 394 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 395 |
|
|
|
| 396 |
|
|
<ul> |
| 397 |
|
|
<li>A block which starts with $acl_priority determines whether to evaluate rules in this block or not.</li> |
| 398 |
|
|
<li>Blocks which start with $acl_priority can be defined as many as you need.</li> |
| 399 |
|
|
<li>$acl_priority is a priority (an integer between 0 and 65535) which controls which block should be evaluated first (among all blocks defined in the policy).</li> |
| 400 |
|
|
<li>Blocks are evaluated from smaller $acl_priority values to larger $acl_priority values.</li> |
| 401 |
|
|
<li>If two blocks have same $acl_priority value, the block which is defined first is evaluated first.</li> |
| 402 |
|
|
<li>$operation is "operation".</li> |
| 403 |
|
|
<li>$conditions_to_filter is "conditional expressions" which can be applied to "operation". Omit $conditions_to_filter to evaluate this block unconditionally.</li> |
| 404 |
|
|
<li>Access requests will be denied if one of deny lines (among all blocks defined in the policy) matches.</li> |
| 405 |
|
|
</ul> |
| 406 |
|
|
|
| 407 |
|
|
<p>$decision lines in a block is evaluated only when the block's $acl_priority line matched.</p> |
| 408 |
|
|
|
| 409 |
|
|
<ul> |
| 410 |
|
|
<li>A line which starts with $cond_priority determines whether to grant the access request or not.</li> |
| 411 |
|
|
<li>Lines which start with $cond_priority can be defined as many as you need.</li> |
| 412 |
|
|
<li>$cond_priority is a priority (an integer between 0 and 65535) which controls which line should be checked first (among all lines defined in the block).</li> |
| 413 |
|
|
<li>Lines are checked from smaller $cond_priority values to larger priority values.</li> |
| 414 |
|
|
<li>If two lines have same $cond_priority value, the line which is defined first is checked first.</li> |
| 415 |
|
|
<li>$decision is either allow or deny.</li> |
| 416 |
|
|
<li>$conditions_to_allow_or_deny is "conditional expressions" which can be applied to "operation". Omit $conditions_to_allow_or_deny to match this line unconditionally.</li> |
| 417 |
|
|
</ul> |
| 418 |
|
|
|
| 419 |
|
|
<p>Checking of $decision lines in a block lasts until it matches a $decision line or it reaches to the end of block.</p> |
| 420 |
|
|
|
| 421 |
|
|
<ul> |
| 422 |
|
|
<li>If $conditions_to_allow_or_deny of a deny line matches, the access request is denied. At the same time, access denied log is generated if memory used for audit logs is smaller than $max_byte_for_audit_logs bytes and number of denied logs which is in the kernel is smaller than $max_logs_for_denied_request of quota audit[$audit_index] line where $audit_index is specified by audit line of this block.</li> |
| 423 |
|
|
<li>If $conditions_to_allow_or_deny of an allow line matches, the evaluation of this block ends and proceeds to next block. At the same time, access allowed log is generated if memory used for audit logs is smaller than $max_byte_for_audit_logs bytes and number of allowed logs which is in the kernel is smaller than $max_logs_for_allowed_request of quota audit[$audit_index] line where $audit_index is specified by audit line of this block.</li> |
| 424 |
|
|
<li>If none of $conditions_to_allow_or_deny matches, the evaluation of this block ends and proceeds to next block. At the same time, access unmatched log is generated if memory used for audit logs is smaller than $max_byte_for_audit_logs bytes and number of unmatched logs which is in the kernel is smaller than $max_logs_for_unmatched_request of quota audit[$audit_index] line where $audit_index is specified by audit line of this block.</li> |
| 425 |
|
|
</ul> |
| 426 |
|
|
|
| 427 |
|
|
<p>Access requests will be denied only when "deny" line of "acl" block matched. (There are two exceptions which will be explained later.)</p> |
| 428 |
|
|
|
| 429 |
|
|
<p>$acl_priority and $cond_priority values are used for two purposes. One is for selectively deny operations using "deny" lines. For example,</p> |
| 430 |
|
|
|
| 431 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 432 |
|
|
10 acl read path.fsmagic=0x9FA0 |
| 433 |
|
|
audit 0 |
| 434 |
|
|
10 deny path="proc:/cmdline" |
| 435 |
|
|
20 allow |
| 436 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 437 |
|
|
|
| 438 |
|
|
<p>denies opening /proc/cmdline on the proc filesystem (proc filesystem's magic number is 0x9FA0) for reading while allowing opening all other files.</p> |
| 439 |
|
|
|
| 440 |
|
|
<p>The other is for controlling which "transition=" and "handler=" arguments should be used when these arguments matched more than once. This will be explained later.</p> |
| 441 |
|
|
|
| 442 |
kumaneko |
17 |
<h4><a name="3.1.3">3.1.3. An example policy file</a></h4> |
| 443 |
|
|
|
| 444 |
kumaneko |
16 |
<p>Below is an example of /etc/caitsith/policy/current file on CentOS. The content of this file varies depending on environments you are using, and will be updated as you develop policy.</p> |
| 445 |
|
|
|
| 446 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 447 |
|
|
POLICY_VERSION=20120401 |
| 448 |
|
|
|
| 449 |
|
|
quota memory audit 16777216 |
| 450 |
|
|
quota memory query 1048576 |
| 451 |
|
|
quota audit[1] allowed=0 denied=1024 unmatched=1024 |
| 452 |
|
|
|
| 453 |
|
|
10000 acl execute |
| 454 |
|
|
audit 0 |
| 455 |
|
|
10 allow path="/sbin/modprobe" transition="/sbin/modprobe" |
| 456 |
|
|
10 allow path="/sbin/init" transition="/sbin/init" |
| 457 |
|
|
10 allow path="/sbin/mingetty" transition="/sbin/mingetty" |
| 458 |
|
|
10 allow path="/sbin/udevd" transition="/sbin/udevd" |
| 459 |
|
|
10 allow path="/usr/sbin/anacron" transition="/usr/sbin/anacron" |
| 460 |
|
|
10 allow path="/usr/sbin/crond" transition="/usr/sbin/crond" |
| 461 |
|
|
10 allow path="/usr/sbin/httpd" transition="/usr/sbin/httpd" |
| 462 |
|
|
10 allow path="/usr/sbin/logrotate" transition="/usr/sbin/logrotate" |
| 463 |
|
|
10 allow path="/usr/sbin/nmbd" transition="/usr/sbin/nmbd" |
| 464 |
|
|
10 allow path="/usr/sbin/smbd" transition="/usr/sbin/smbd" |
| 465 |
|
|
10 allow path="/usr/sbin/sshd" transition="/usr/sbin/sshd" |
| 466 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/ntpd" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/ntpd" |
| 467 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/single" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/single" |
| 468 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/killall" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/killall" |
| 469 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/ip6tables" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/ip6tables" |
| 470 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/halt" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/halt" |
| 471 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/netfs" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/netfs" |
| 472 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/messagebus" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/messagebus" |
| 473 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/sandbox" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/sandbox" |
| 474 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/rsyslog" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/rsyslog" |
| 475 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/smb" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/smb" |
| 476 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd" |
| 477 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/cgconfig" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/cgconfig" |
| 478 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev-post" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev-post" |
| 479 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/firstboot" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/firstboot" |
| 480 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/ntpdate" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/ntpdate" |
| 481 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/crond" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/crond" |
| 482 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/restorecond" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/restorecond" |
| 483 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd" |
| 484 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/rdisc" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/rdisc" |
| 485 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/postfix" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/postfix" |
| 486 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/saslauthd" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/saslauthd" |
| 487 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/netconsole" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/netconsole" |
| 488 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/network" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/network" |
| 489 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/avahi-daemon" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/avahi-daemon" |
| 490 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/auditd" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/auditd" |
| 491 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/nmb" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/nmb" |
| 492 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables" |
| 493 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/cgred" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/cgred" |
| 494 |
|
|
|
| 495 |
|
|
0 acl modify_policy |
| 496 |
|
|
audit 1 |
| 497 |
|
|
1 deny task.uid!=0 |
| 498 |
|
|
1 deny task.euid!=0 |
| 499 |
|
|
100 allow task.exe="/usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy" |
| 500 |
|
|
100 allow task.exe="/usr/sbin/caitsith-queryd" |
| 501 |
|
|
10000 deny |
| 502 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 503 |
|
|
|
| 504 |
|
|
<h3><a name="3.2">3.2. Updating policy configuration</a></h3> |
| 505 |
|
|
|
| 506 |
|
|
<p>There are two ways to update policy configuration.</p> |
| 507 |
|
|
|
| 508 |
|
|
<p>One is to use /sbin/caitsith-init which is automatically called when /sbin/init starts. /sbin/caitsith-init reads policy from /etc/caitsith/policy/current and writes to /proc/caitsith/policy interface. Therefore, you can update policy configuration by updating /etc/caitsith/policy/current and rebooting your system.</p> |
| 509 |
|
|
|
| 510 |
|
|
<p>The other is to use /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy which is defined for loading policy after your system has booted. /sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy reads policy from standard input and writes to /proc/caitsith/policy interface. Therefore, you can update policy configuration without updating /etc/caitsith/policy/current and rebooting your system. For example, if you want to append a "string_group mygroup1 /" line to /proc/caitsith/policy interface, run below command:</p> |
| 511 |
|
|
|
| 512 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 513 |
|
|
# echo 'string_group mygroup1 /' | /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy |
| 514 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 515 |
|
|
|
| 516 |
|
|
<p>If you want to delete the "string_group mygroup1 /" line from /proc/caitsith/policy interface, run below command:</p> |
| 517 |
|
|
|
| 518 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 519 |
|
|
# echo 'delete string_group mygroup1 /' | /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy |
| 520 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 521 |
|
|
|
| 522 |
|
|
<p>The contents in /proc/caitsith/policy will be lost when your system shuts down or reboots. To save /proc/caitsith/policy as /etc/caitsith/policy/current , run below command:</p> |
| 523 |
|
|
|
| 524 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 525 |
|
|
# /usr/sbin/caitsith-savepolicy |
| 526 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 527 |
|
|
|
| 528 |
|
|
<h3><a name="3.3">3.3. Example of simple access restriction rule</a></h3> |
| 529 |
|
|
|
| 530 |
kumaneko |
17 |
<p>Let's experience how CaitSith restricts access using simple examples.</p> |
| 531 |
|
|
|
| 532 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.3.1">3.3.1. Telling CaitSith which access requests should be checked</a></h4> |
| 533 |
|
|
|
| 534 |
|
|
<p>By default, CaitSith does not deny access requests. To restrict access requests, you need to tell CaitSith which access requests should be denied.</p> |
| 535 |
|
|
|
| 536 |
|
|
<p>Below rule will check access requests which open /tmp/file1 for reading.</p> |
| 537 |
|
|
|
| 538 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 539 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/tmp/file1" |
| 540 |
|
|
audit 1 |
| 541 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 542 |
|
|
|
| 543 |
|
|
<p>Append above rule using /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy . Since caitsith-loadpolicy reads policy from standard input, you can use ^D (Ctrl-D) to indicate end of input:</p> |
| 544 |
|
|
|
| 545 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 546 |
|
|
# /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy |
| 547 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 548 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 549 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/tmp/file1" |
| 550 |
|
|
audit 1 |
| 551 |
|
|
^D |
| 552 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 553 |
|
|
|
| 554 |
|
|
<p>You may use a temporary file if you worry typos.</p> |
| 555 |
|
|
|
| 556 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 557 |
|
|
# cat > ~/policy.tmp |
| 558 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 559 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 560 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/tmp/file1" |
| 561 |
|
|
audit 1 |
| 562 |
|
|
^D |
| 563 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 564 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 565 |
|
|
# /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy < ~/policy.tmp |
| 566 |
|
|
# rm ~/policy.tmp |
| 567 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 568 |
|
|
|
| 569 |
|
|
<p>You can confirm that above rule is appended to /proc/caitsith/policy by reading /proc/caitsith/policy .</p> |
| 570 |
|
|
|
| 571 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 572 |
|
|
# cat /proc/caitsith/policy |
| 573 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 574 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 575 |
|
|
POLICY_VERSION=20120401 |
| 576 |
|
|
stat Policy updated: 7 (Last: 2012/04/08 04:56:45) |
| 577 |
|
|
stat Requests denied: 0 |
| 578 |
|
|
stat Memory used by policy: 6048 |
| 579 |
|
|
stat Memory used by audit: 0 |
| 580 |
|
|
stat Memory used by query: 0 |
| 581 |
|
|
quota memory audit 16777216 |
| 582 |
|
|
quota memory query 1048576 |
| 583 |
|
|
quota audit[1] allowed=0 denied=1024 unmatched=1024 |
| 584 |
|
|
|
| 585 |
|
|
10000 acl execute |
| 586 |
|
|
audit 0 |
| 587 |
|
|
10 allow path="/sbin/modprobe" transition="/sbin/modprobe" |
| 588 |
|
|
10 allow path="/sbin/init" transition="/sbin/init" |
| 589 |
|
|
10 allow path="/sbin/mingetty" transition="/sbin/mingetty" |
| 590 |
|
|
10 allow path="/sbin/udevd" transition="/sbin/udevd" |
| 591 |
|
|
10 allow path="/usr/sbin/anacron" transition="/usr/sbin/anacron" |
| 592 |
|
|
10 allow path="/usr/sbin/crond" transition="/usr/sbin/crond" |
| 593 |
|
|
10 allow path="/usr/sbin/httpd" transition="/usr/sbin/httpd" |
| 594 |
|
|
10 allow path="/usr/sbin/logrotate" transition="/usr/sbin/logrotate" |
| 595 |
|
|
10 allow path="/usr/sbin/nmbd" transition="/usr/sbin/nmbd" |
| 596 |
|
|
10 allow path="/usr/sbin/smbd" transition="/usr/sbin/smbd" |
| 597 |
|
|
10 allow path="/usr/sbin/sshd" transition="/usr/sbin/sshd" |
| 598 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/ntpd" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/ntpd" |
| 599 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/single" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/single" |
| 600 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/killall" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/killall" |
| 601 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/ip6tables" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/ip6tables" |
| 602 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/halt" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/halt" |
| 603 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/netfs" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/netfs" |
| 604 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/messagebus" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/messagebus" |
| 605 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/sandbox" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/sandbox" |
| 606 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/rsyslog" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/rsyslog" |
| 607 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/smb" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/smb" |
| 608 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/sshd" |
| 609 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/cgconfig" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/cgconfig" |
| 610 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev-post" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/udev-post" |
| 611 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/firstboot" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/firstboot" |
| 612 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/ntpdate" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/ntpdate" |
| 613 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/crond" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/crond" |
| 614 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/restorecond" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/restorecond" |
| 615 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd" |
| 616 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/rdisc" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/rdisc" |
| 617 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/postfix" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/postfix" |
| 618 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/saslauthd" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/saslauthd" |
| 619 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/netconsole" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/netconsole" |
| 620 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/network" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/network" |
| 621 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/avahi-daemon" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/avahi-daemon" |
| 622 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/auditd" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/auditd" |
| 623 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/nmb" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/nmb" |
| 624 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables" |
| 625 |
|
|
10 allow path="/etc/rc.d/init.d/cgred" transition="/etc/rc.d/init.d/cgred" |
| 626 |
|
|
|
| 627 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/tmp/file1" |
| 628 |
|
|
audit 1 |
| 629 |
|
|
|
| 630 |
|
|
0 acl modify_policy |
| 631 |
|
|
audit 1 |
| 632 |
|
|
1 deny task.uid!=0 |
| 633 |
|
|
1 deny task.euid!=0 |
| 634 |
|
|
100 allow task.exe="/usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy" |
| 635 |
|
|
100 allow task.exe="/usr/sbin/caitsith-queryd" |
| 636 |
|
|
10000 deny |
| 637 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 638 |
|
|
|
| 639 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.3.2">3.3.2. Access requests which will be implicitly allowed by CaitSith</a></h4> |
| 640 |
|
|
|
| 641 |
|
|
<p>Make sure that /usr/sbin/caitsith-auditd is running.</p> |
| 642 |
|
|
|
| 643 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 644 |
|
|
# pidof caitsith-auditd |
| 645 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 646 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 647 |
|
|
3627 |
| 648 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 649 |
|
|
|
| 650 |
|
|
<p>Now, create /tmp/file1 file.</p> |
| 651 |
|
|
|
| 652 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 653 |
|
|
# touch /tmp/file1 |
| 654 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 655 |
|
|
|
| 656 |
|
|
<p>Then, open /tmp/file1 for reading.</p> |
| 657 |
|
|
|
| 658 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 659 |
|
|
# cat /tmp/file1 |
| 660 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 661 |
|
|
|
| 662 |
|
|
<p>Check /var/log/caitsith/unmatched.log for access unmatched log of this access request. You will find an entry like below:</p> |
| 663 |
|
|
|
| 664 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 665 |
|
|
# grep /tmp/file1 /var/log/caitsith/unmatched.log |
| 666 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 667 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 668 |
|
|
#2012/04/08 04:58:40# global-pid=3678 result=unmatched priority=100 / read path="/tmp/file1" task.pid=3678 task.ppid=3653 task.uid=0 task.gid=0 task.euid=0 task.egid=0 task.suid=0 task.sgid=0 task.fsuid=0 task.fsgid=0 task.type!=execute_handler task.exe="/bin/cat" task.domain="/usr/sbin/sshd" path.uid=0 path.gid=0 path.ino=2113451 path.major=8 path.minor=1 path.perm=0644 path.type=file path.fsmagic=0xEF53 path.parent.uid=0 path.parent.gid=0 path.parent.ino=2097153 path.parent.major=8 path.parent.minor=1 path.parent.perm=01777 path.parent.type=directory path.parent.fsmagic=0xEF53 |
| 669 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 670 |
|
|
|
| 671 |
|
|
<p>Note the <em>result=unmatched</em> part of the entry. This indicates that access request was checked but matched neither "allow" nor "deny" rule.</p> |
| 672 |
|
|
|
| 673 |
|
|
<p>Note the <em>priority=100</em> part of the entry. This indicates that this entry was generated by rules which have 100 as priority.</p> |
| 674 |
|
|
|
| 675 |
|
|
<p>Note the <em>read path="/tmp/file1"</em> part of the entry. This indicates that this entry was generated by access request of opening /tmp/file1 for reading.</p> |
| 676 |
|
|
|
| 677 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.3.3">3.3.3. Access requests which will be explicitly denied by CaitSith</a></h4> |
| 678 |
|
|
|
| 679 |
|
|
<p>Now, let's add a rule to explicitly deny this request.</p> |
| 680 |
|
|
|
| 681 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 682 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/tmp/file1" |
| 683 |
|
|
1000 deny |
| 684 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 685 |
|
|
|
| 686 |
|
|
<p>Append above rule using /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy :</p> |
| 687 |
|
|
|
| 688 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 689 |
|
|
# /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy |
| 690 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 691 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 692 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/tmp/file1" |
| 693 |
|
|
1000 deny |
| 694 |
|
|
^D |
| 695 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 696 |
|
|
|
| 697 |
|
|
<p>Rules that have same priority (in this rule, 100) and same operation (in this rule, read) and same condition (in this rule, path="/tmp/file1") are automatically merged. Therefore, you will find</p> |
| 698 |
|
|
|
| 699 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 700 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/tmp/file1" |
| 701 |
|
|
audit 1 |
| 702 |
|
|
1000 deny |
| 703 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 704 |
|
|
|
| 705 |
|
|
<p>rather than</p> |
| 706 |
|
|
|
| 707 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 708 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/tmp/file1" |
| 709 |
|
|
audit 1 |
| 710 |
|
|
|
| 711 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/tmp/file1" |
| 712 |
|
|
1000 deny |
| 713 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 714 |
|
|
|
| 715 |
|
|
<p>when you read /proc/caitsith/policy .</p> |
| 716 |
|
|
|
| 717 |
|
|
<p>Then, open /tmp/file1 for reading.</p> |
| 718 |
|
|
|
| 719 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 720 |
|
|
# cat /tmp/file1 |
| 721 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 722 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 723 |
|
|
cat: /tmp/file1: Operation not permitted |
| 724 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 725 |
|
|
|
| 726 |
|
|
<p>This time, access request was denied by CaitSith.</p> |
| 727 |
|
|
|
| 728 |
|
|
<p>Check /var/log/caitsith/denied.log for access denied log of this access request. You will find an entry like below:</p> |
| 729 |
|
|
|
| 730 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 731 |
|
|
# grep /tmp/file1 /var/log/caitsith/denied.log |
| 732 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 733 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 734 |
|
|
#2012/04/08 04:59:53# global-pid=3682 result=denied priority=100 / read path="/tmp/file1" task.pid=3682 task.ppid=3653 task.uid=0 task.gid=0 task.euid=0 task.egid=0 task.suid=0 task.sgid=0 task.fsuid=0 task.fsgid=0 task.type!=execute_handler task.exe="/bin/cat" task.domain="/usr/sbin/sshd" path.uid=0 path.gid=0 path.ino=2113451 path.major=8 path.minor=1 path.perm=0644 path.type=file path.fsmagic=0xEF53 path.parent.uid=0 path.parent.gid=0 path.parent.ino=2097153 path.parent.major=8 path.parent.minor=1 path.parent.perm=01777 path.parent.type=directory path.parent.fsmagic=0xEF53 |
| 735 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 736 |
|
|
|
| 737 |
|
|
<p>Note the <em>result=denied</em> part of the entry. This indicates that access request was checked and matched "deny" rule.</p> |
| 738 |
|
|
|
| 739 |
|
|
<p>If /usr/sbin/ccs-notifyd is running, you will receive a notification mail. The content is same with access denied logs.</p> |
| 740 |
|
|
|
| 741 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 742 |
|
|
# mail |
| 743 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 744 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 745 |
|
|
Heirloom Mail version 12.4 7/29/08. Type ? for help. |
| 746 |
|
|
"/var/spool/mail/root": 1 message 1 new |
| 747 |
|
|
>N 1 root Sun Apr 8 13:59 20/1231 "Notification from caitsith-notifyd" |
| 748 |
|
|
& |
| 749 |
|
|
Message 1: |
| 750 |
|
|
From root@ccsecurity.localdomain Sun Apr 8 13:59:53 2012 |
| 751 |
|
|
Return-Path: <root@ccsecurity.localdomain> |
| 752 |
|
|
X-Original-To: root@localhost |
| 753 |
|
|
Delivered-To: root@localhost.localdomain |
| 754 |
|
|
Date: Sun, 08 Apr 2012 13:59:53 +0900 |
| 755 |
|
|
To: root@localhost.localdomain |
| 756 |
|
|
Subject: Notification from caitsith-notifyd |
| 757 |
|
|
User-Agent: Heirloom mailx 12.4 7/29/08 |
| 758 |
|
|
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii |
| 759 |
|
|
From: root@caitsith.localdomain (root) |
| 760 |
|
|
Status: R |
| 761 |
|
|
|
| 762 |
|
|
Q0-0 |
| 763 |
|
|
#2012/04/08 04:59:53# global-pid=3682 result=denied priority=100 / read path="/tmp/file1" task.pid=3682 task.ppid=3653 task.uid=0 task.gid=0 task.euid=0 task.egid=0 task.suid=0 task.sgid=0 task.fsuid=0 task.fsgid=0 task.type!=execute_handler task.exe="/bin/cat" task.domain="/usr/sbin/sshd" path.uid=0 path.gid=0 path.ino=2113451 path.major=8 path.minor=1 path.perm=0644 path.type=file path.fsmagic=0xEF53 path.parent.uid=0 path.parent.gid=0 path.parent.ino=2097153 path.parent.major=8 path.parent.minor=1 path.parent.perm=01777 path.parent.type=directory path.parent.fsmagic=0xEF53 |
| 764 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 765 |
|
|
|
| 766 |
|
|
<p>Now, let's remove a rule to explicitly deny this request.</p> |
| 767 |
|
|
|
| 768 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 769 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/tmp/file1" |
| 770 |
|
|
delete 1000 deny |
| 771 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 772 |
|
|
|
| 773 |
|
|
<p>Append above rule using /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy :</p> |
| 774 |
|
|
|
| 775 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 776 |
|
|
# /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy |
| 777 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 778 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 779 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/tmp/file1" |
| 780 |
|
|
delete 1000 deny |
| 781 |
|
|
^D |
| 782 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 783 |
|
|
|
| 784 |
|
|
<p>You will find</p> |
| 785 |
|
|
|
| 786 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 787 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/tmp/file1" |
| 788 |
|
|
audit 1 |
| 789 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 790 |
|
|
|
| 791 |
|
|
<p>rather than</p> |
| 792 |
|
|
|
| 793 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 794 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/tmp/file1" |
| 795 |
|
|
audit 1 |
| 796 |
|
|
1000 deny |
| 797 |
|
|
delete 1000 deny |
| 798 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 799 |
|
|
|
| 800 |
|
|
<p>when you read /proc/caitsith/policy .</p> |
| 801 |
|
|
|
| 802 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.3.4">3.3.4. Filtering audit logs</a></h4> |
| 803 |
|
|
|
| 804 |
|
|
<p>Now, open /tmp/file1 for reading.</p> |
| 805 |
|
|
|
| 806 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 807 |
|
|
# cat /tmp/file1 |
| 808 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 809 |
|
|
|
| 810 |
|
|
<p>Check /var/log/caitsith/unmatched.log for access unmatched log of this access request. You will find entries like below:</p> |
| 811 |
|
|
|
| 812 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 813 |
|
|
# grep /tmp/file1 /var/log/caitsith/unmatched.log |
| 814 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 815 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 816 |
|
|
#2012/04/08 04:58:40# global-pid=3678 result=unmatched priority=100 / read path="/tmp/file1" task.pid=3678 task.ppid=3653 task.uid=0 task.gid=0 task.euid=0 task.egid=0 task.suid=0 task.sgid=0 task.fsuid=0 task.fsgid=0 task.type!=execute_handler task.exe="/bin/cat" task.domain="/usr/sbin/sshd" path.uid=0 path.gid=0 path.ino=2113451 path.major=8 path.minor=1 path.perm=0644 path.type=file path.fsmagic=0xEF53 path.parent.uid=0 path.parent.gid=0 path.parent.ino=2097153 path.parent.major=8 path.parent.minor=1 path.parent.perm=01777 path.parent.type=directory path.parent.fsmagic=0xEF53 |
| 817 |
|
|
#2012/04/08 05:01:00# global-pid=3695 result=unmatched priority=100 / read path="/tmp/file1" task.pid=3695 task.ppid=3653 task.uid=0 task.gid=0 task.euid=0 task.egid=0 task.suid=0 task.sgid=0 task.fsuid=0 task.fsgid=0 task.type!=execute_handler task.exe="/bin/cat" task.domain="/usr/sbin/sshd" path.uid=0 path.gid=0 path.ino=2113451 path.major=8 path.minor=1 path.perm=0644 path.type=file path.fsmagic=0xEF53 path.parent.uid=0 path.parent.gid=0 path.parent.ino=2097153 path.parent.major=8 path.parent.minor=1 path.parent.perm=01777 path.parent.type=directory path.parent.fsmagic=0xEF53 |
| 818 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 819 |
|
|
|
| 820 |
|
|
<p>The former entry was generated before adding explicit "deny" rule. The latter entry was generated after removing explicit "deny" rule. You might want to filter the output using tail command:</p> |
| 821 |
|
|
|
| 822 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 823 |
|
|
# grep /tmp/file1 /var/log/caitsith/unmatched.log | tail -n 1 |
| 824 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 825 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 826 |
|
|
#2012/04/08 05:01:00# global-pid=3695 result=unmatched priority=100 / read path="/tmp/file1" task.pid=3695 task.ppid=3653 task.uid=0 task.gid=0 task.euid=0 task.egid=0 task.suid=0 task.sgid=0 task.fsuid=0 task.fsgid=0 task.type!=execute_handler task.exe="/bin/cat" task.domain="/usr/sbin/sshd" path.uid=0 path.gid=0 path.ino=2113451 path.major=8 path.minor=1 path.perm=0644 path.type=file path.fsmagic=0xEF53 path.parent.uid=0 path.parent.gid=0 path.parent.ino=2097153 path.parent.major=8 path.parent.minor=1 path.parent.perm=01777 path.parent.type=directory path.parent.fsmagic=0xEF53 |
| 827 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 828 |
|
|
|
| 829 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.3.5">3.3.5. Access requests which will be explicitly allowed by CaitSith</a></h4> |
| 830 |
|
|
|
| 831 |
|
|
<p>Next, let's see audit logs with explicitly matching "allow" rules.</p> |
| 832 |
|
|
|
| 833 |
|
|
<p>By default CaitSith does not generate audit logs with explicitly matching "allow" rules. Change policy configuration to generate such logs.</p> |
| 834 |
|
|
|
| 835 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 836 |
|
|
quota audit[1] allowed=1024 |
| 837 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 838 |
|
|
|
| 839 |
|
|
<p>Append above rule using /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy :</p> |
| 840 |
|
|
|
| 841 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 842 |
|
|
# echo 'quota audit[1] allowed=1024' | /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy |
| 843 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 844 |
|
|
|
| 845 |
|
|
<p>Preferences that have same name (in this rule, audit[1]) are automatically merged. Therefore, you will find</p> |
| 846 |
|
|
|
| 847 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 848 |
|
|
quota audit[1] allowed=1024 denied=1024 unmatched=1024 |
| 849 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 850 |
|
|
|
| 851 |
|
|
<p>rather than</p> |
| 852 |
|
|
|
| 853 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 854 |
|
|
quota audit[1] allowed=0 denied=1024 unmatched=1024 |
| 855 |
|
|
quota audit[1] allowed=1024 |
| 856 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 857 |
|
|
|
| 858 |
|
|
<p>when you read /proc/caitsith/policy .</p> |
| 859 |
|
|
|
| 860 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 861 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/tmp/file1" |
| 862 |
|
|
1000 allow |
| 863 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 864 |
|
|
|
| 865 |
|
|
<p>Append above rule using /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy :</p> |
| 866 |
|
|
|
| 867 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 868 |
|
|
# /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy |
| 869 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 870 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 871 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/tmp/file1" |
| 872 |
|
|
1000 allow |
| 873 |
|
|
^D |
| 874 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 875 |
|
|
|
| 876 |
|
|
<p>Since audit logs with explicitly matching "allow" rules tend to grow rapidly, by default /usr/sbin/caitsith-auditd discards such logs by writing to /dev/null (specified in /etc/caitsith/tools/auditd.conf). |
| 877 |
|
|
Therefore, temporarily stop /usr/sbin/caitsith-auditd process in order to read audit logs from /proc/caitsith/audit interface.</p> |
| 878 |
|
|
|
| 879 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 880 |
|
|
# killall -KILL caitsith-auditd |
| 881 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 882 |
|
|
|
| 883 |
|
|
<p>Then, open /tmp/file1 for reading.</p> |
| 884 |
|
|
|
| 885 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 886 |
|
|
# cat /tmp/file1 |
| 887 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 888 |
|
|
|
| 889 |
|
|
<p>Check /proc/caitsith/audit for audit log of this access request. This time, you will find an entry like below:</p> |
| 890 |
|
|
|
| 891 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 892 |
|
|
# cat -v /proc/caitsith/audit |
| 893 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 894 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 895 |
|
|
#2012/04/08 05:03:03# global-pid=3720 result=allowed priority=100 / read path="/tmp/file1" task.pid=3720 task.ppid=3653 task.uid=0 task.gid=0 task.euid=0 task.egid=0 task.suid=0 task.sgid=0 task.fsuid=0 task.fsgid=0 task.type!=execute_handler task.exe="/bin/cat" task.domain="/usr/sbin/sshd" path.uid=0 path.gid=0 path.ino=2113451 path.major=8 path.minor=1 path.perm=0644 path.type=file path.fsmagic=0xEF53 path.parent.uid=0 path.parent.gid=0 path.parent.ino=2097153 path.parent.major=8 path.parent.minor=1 path.parent.perm=01777 path.parent.type=directory path.parent.fsmagic=0xEF53 |
| 896 |
|
|
^@ |
| 897 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 898 |
|
|
|
| 899 |
|
|
<p>Note the <em>result=allowed</em> part of the entry. This indicates that access request was checked and matched "allow" rule.</p> |
| 900 |
|
|
|
| 901 |
|
|
<p>Restart /usr/sbin/caitsith-auditd process.</p> |
| 902 |
|
|
|
| 903 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 904 |
|
|
# /usr/sbin/caitsith-auditd |
| 905 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 906 |
|
|
|
| 907 |
|
|
<p>Also, restore the audit logs configuration:</p> |
| 908 |
|
|
|
| 909 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 910 |
|
|
quota audit[1] allowed=0 |
| 911 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 912 |
|
|
|
| 913 |
|
|
<p>Append above rule using /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy :</p> |
| 914 |
|
|
|
| 915 |
|
|
<pre class="command"> |
| 916 |
|
|
# echo 'quota audit[1] allowed=0' | /usr/sbin/caitsith-loadpolicy |
| 917 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 918 |
|
|
|
| 919 |
kumaneko |
18 |
<h3><a name="3.4">3.4. Using string arguments in conditions</a></h3> |
| 920 |
|
|
|
| 921 |
|
|
<p>Arguments such as file's pathnames and command line arguments and environment variables are handled as string argument.</p> |
| 922 |
|
|
|
| 923 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.4.1">3.4.1. About string argument representation rule</a></h4> |
| 924 |
|
|
|
| 925 |
|
|
<p>All ASCII printable characters other than \ character (i.e. from 33 to 91 and from 93 to 126) are represented as is.</p> |
| 926 |
|
|
|
| 927 |
|
|
<p>All other characters (i.e. from 0 to 32, 92 and from 127 to 255) are represented using \ooo style octal form.</p> |
| 928 |
|
|
|
| 929 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 930 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 931 |
|
|
<td> |
| 932 |
|
|
<table><tr><td></td><td>Lower 4 bits</td></tr><tr><td>Upper 4 bits</td><td></td></tr></table> |
| 933 |
|
|
</td> |
| 934 |
|
|
<th><p>0x0</p></th> |
| 935 |
|
|
<th><p>0x1</p></th> |
| 936 |
|
|
<th><p>0x2</p></th> |
| 937 |
|
|
<th><p>0x3</p></th> |
| 938 |
|
|
<th><p>0x4</p></th> |
| 939 |
|
|
<th><p>0x5</p></th> |
| 940 |
|
|
<th><p>0x6</p></th> |
| 941 |
|
|
<th><p>0x7</p></th> |
| 942 |
|
|
<th><p>0x8</p></th> |
| 943 |
|
|
<th><p>0x9</p></th> |
| 944 |
|
|
<th><p>0xA</p></th> |
| 945 |
|
|
<th><p>0xB</p></th> |
| 946 |
|
|
<th><p>0xC</p></th> |
| 947 |
|
|
<th><p>0xD</p></th> |
| 948 |
|
|
<th><p>0xE</p></th> |
| 949 |
|
|
<th><p>0xF</p></th> |
| 950 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 951 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 952 |
|
|
<th><p>0x0</p></th> |
| 953 |
|
|
<td><p>\000</p></td> |
| 954 |
|
|
<td><p>\001</p></td> |
| 955 |
|
|
<td><p>\002</p></td> |
| 956 |
|
|
<td><p>\003</p></td> |
| 957 |
|
|
<td><p>\004</p></td> |
| 958 |
|
|
<td><p>\005</p></td> |
| 959 |
|
|
<td><p>\006</p></td> |
| 960 |
|
|
<td><p>\007</p></td> |
| 961 |
|
|
<td><p>\010</p></td> |
| 962 |
|
|
<td><p>\011</p></td> |
| 963 |
|
|
<td><p>\012</p></td> |
| 964 |
|
|
<td><p>\013</p></td> |
| 965 |
|
|
<td><p>\014</p></td> |
| 966 |
|
|
<td><p>\015</p></td> |
| 967 |
|
|
<td><p>\016</p></td> |
| 968 |
|
|
<td><p>\017</p></td> |
| 969 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 970 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 971 |
|
|
<th><p>0x1</p></th> |
| 972 |
|
|
<td><p>\020</p></td> |
| 973 |
|
|
<td><p>\021</p></td> |
| 974 |
|
|
<td><p>\022</p></td> |
| 975 |
|
|
<td><p>\023</p></td> |
| 976 |
|
|
<td><p>\024</p></td> |
| 977 |
|
|
<td><p>\025</p></td> |
| 978 |
|
|
<td><p>\026</p></td> |
| 979 |
|
|
<td><p>\027</p></td> |
| 980 |
|
|
<td><p>\030</p></td> |
| 981 |
|
|
<td><p>\031</p></td> |
| 982 |
|
|
<td><p>\032</p></td> |
| 983 |
|
|
<td><p>\033</p></td> |
| 984 |
|
|
<td><p>\034</p></td> |
| 985 |
|
|
<td><p>\035</p></td> |
| 986 |
|
|
<td><p>\036</p></td> |
| 987 |
|
|
<td><p>\037</p></td> |
| 988 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 989 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 990 |
|
|
<th><p>0x2</p></th> |
| 991 |
|
|
<td><p>\040</p></td> |
| 992 |
|
|
<td><p>!</p></td> |
| 993 |
|
|
<td><p>"</p></td> |
| 994 |
|
|
<td><p>#</p></td> |
| 995 |
|
|
<td><p>$</p></td> |
| 996 |
|
|
<td><p>%</p></td> |
| 997 |
|
|
<td><p>&</p></td> |
| 998 |
|
|
<td><p>'</p></td> |
| 999 |
|
|
<td><p>(</p></td> |
| 1000 |
|
|
<td><p>)</p></td> |
| 1001 |
|
|
<td><p>*</p></td> |
| 1002 |
|
|
<td><p>+</p></td> |
| 1003 |
|
|
<td><p>,</p></td> |
| 1004 |
|
|
<td><p>-</p></td> |
| 1005 |
|
|
<td><p>.</p></td> |
| 1006 |
|
|
<td><p>/</p></td> |
| 1007 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1008 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1009 |
|
|
<th><p>0x3</p></th> |
| 1010 |
|
|
<td><p>0</p></td> |
| 1011 |
|
|
<td><p>1</p></td> |
| 1012 |
|
|
<td><p>2</p></td> |
| 1013 |
|
|
<td><p>3</p></td> |
| 1014 |
|
|
<td><p>4</p></td> |
| 1015 |
|
|
<td><p>5</p></td> |
| 1016 |
|
|
<td><p>6</p></td> |
| 1017 |
|
|
<td><p>7</p></td> |
| 1018 |
|
|
<td><p>8</p></td> |
| 1019 |
|
|
<td><p>9</p></td> |
| 1020 |
|
|
<td><p>:</p></td> |
| 1021 |
|
|
<td><p>;</p></td> |
| 1022 |
|
|
<td><p><</p></td> |
| 1023 |
|
|
<td><p>=</p></td> |
| 1024 |
|
|
<td><p>></p></td> |
| 1025 |
|
|
<td><p>?</p></td> |
| 1026 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1027 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1028 |
|
|
<th><p>0x4</p></th> |
| 1029 |
|
|
<td><p>@</p></td> |
| 1030 |
|
|
<td><p>A</p></td> |
| 1031 |
|
|
<td><p>B</p></td> |
| 1032 |
|
|
<td><p>C</p></td> |
| 1033 |
|
|
<td><p>D</p></td> |
| 1034 |
|
|
<td><p>E</p></td> |
| 1035 |
|
|
<td><p>F</p></td> |
| 1036 |
|
|
<td><p>G</p></td> |
| 1037 |
|
|
<td><p>H</p></td> |
| 1038 |
|
|
<td><p>I</p></td> |
| 1039 |
|
|
<td><p>J</p></td> |
| 1040 |
|
|
<td><p>K</p></td> |
| 1041 |
|
|
<td><p>L</p></td> |
| 1042 |
|
|
<td><p>M</p></td> |
| 1043 |
|
|
<td><p>N</p></td> |
| 1044 |
|
|
<td><p>O</p></td> |
| 1045 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1046 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1047 |
|
|
<th><p>0x5</p></th> |
| 1048 |
|
|
<td><p>P</p></td> |
| 1049 |
|
|
<td><p>Q</p></td> |
| 1050 |
|
|
<td><p>R</p></td> |
| 1051 |
|
|
<td><p>S</p></td> |
| 1052 |
|
|
<td><p>T</p></td> |
| 1053 |
|
|
<td><p>U</p></td> |
| 1054 |
|
|
<td><p>V</p></td> |
| 1055 |
|
|
<td><p>W</p></td> |
| 1056 |
|
|
<td><p>X</p></td> |
| 1057 |
|
|
<td><p>Y</p></td> |
| 1058 |
|
|
<td><p>Z</p></td> |
| 1059 |
|
|
<td><p>[</p></td> |
| 1060 |
|
|
<td><p>\134</p></td> |
| 1061 |
|
|
<td><p>]</p></td> |
| 1062 |
|
|
<td><p>^</p></td> |
| 1063 |
|
|
<td><p>_</p></td> |
| 1064 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1065 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1066 |
|
|
<th><p>0x6</p></th> |
| 1067 |
|
|
<td><p>`</p></td> |
| 1068 |
|
|
<td><p>a</p></td> |
| 1069 |
|
|
<td><p>b</p></td> |
| 1070 |
|
|
<td><p>c</p></td> |
| 1071 |
|
|
<td><p>d</p></td> |
| 1072 |
|
|
<td><p>e</p></td> |
| 1073 |
|
|
<td><p>f</p></td> |
| 1074 |
|
|
<td><p>g</p></td> |
| 1075 |
|
|
<td><p>h</p></td> |
| 1076 |
|
|
<td><p>i</p></td> |
| 1077 |
|
|
<td><p>j</p></td> |
| 1078 |
|
|
<td><p>k</p></td> |
| 1079 |
|
|
<td><p>l</p></td> |
| 1080 |
|
|
<td><p>m</p></td> |
| 1081 |
|
|
<td><p>n</p></td> |
| 1082 |
|
|
<td><p>o</p></td> |
| 1083 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1084 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1085 |
|
|
<th><p>0x7</p></th> |
| 1086 |
|
|
<td><p>p</p></td> |
| 1087 |
|
|
<td><p>q</p></td> |
| 1088 |
|
|
<td><p>r</p></td> |
| 1089 |
|
|
<td><p>s</p></td> |
| 1090 |
|
|
<td><p>t</p></td> |
| 1091 |
|
|
<td><p>u</p></td> |
| 1092 |
|
|
<td><p>v</p></td> |
| 1093 |
|
|
<td><p>w</p></td> |
| 1094 |
|
|
<td><p>x</p></td> |
| 1095 |
|
|
<td><p>y</p></td> |
| 1096 |
|
|
<td><p>z</p></td> |
| 1097 |
|
|
<td><p>{</p></td> |
| 1098 |
|
|
<td><p>|</p></td> |
| 1099 |
|
|
<td><p>}</p></td> |
| 1100 |
|
|
<td><p>~</p></td> |
| 1101 |
|
|
<td><p>\177</p></td> |
| 1102 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1103 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1104 |
|
|
<th><p>0x8</p></th> |
| 1105 |
|
|
<td><p>\200</p></td> |
| 1106 |
|
|
<td><p>\201</p></td> |
| 1107 |
|
|
<td><p>\202</p></td> |
| 1108 |
|
|
<td><p>\203</p></td> |
| 1109 |
|
|
<td><p>\204</p></td> |
| 1110 |
|
|
<td><p>\205</p></td> |
| 1111 |
|
|
<td><p>\206</p></td> |
| 1112 |
|
|
<td><p>\207</p></td> |
| 1113 |
|
|
<td><p>\210</p></td> |
| 1114 |
|
|
<td><p>\211</p></td> |
| 1115 |
|
|
<td><p>\212</p></td> |
| 1116 |
|
|
<td><p>\213</p></td> |
| 1117 |
|
|
<td><p>\214</p></td> |
| 1118 |
|
|
<td><p>\215</p></td> |
| 1119 |
|
|
<td><p>\216</p></td> |
| 1120 |
|
|
<td><p>\217</p></td> |
| 1121 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1122 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1123 |
|
|
<th><p>0x9</p></th> |
| 1124 |
|
|
<td><p>\220</p></td> |
| 1125 |
|
|
<td><p>\221</p></td> |
| 1126 |
|
|
<td><p>\222</p></td> |
| 1127 |
|
|
<td><p>\223</p></td> |
| 1128 |
|
|
<td><p>\224</p></td> |
| 1129 |
|
|
<td><p>\225</p></td> |
| 1130 |
|
|
<td><p>\226</p></td> |
| 1131 |
|
|
<td><p>\227</p></td> |
| 1132 |
|
|
<td><p>\230</p></td> |
| 1133 |
|
|
<td><p>\231</p></td> |
| 1134 |
|
|
<td><p>\232</p></td> |
| 1135 |
|
|
<td><p>\233</p></td> |
| 1136 |
|
|
<td><p>\234</p></td> |
| 1137 |
|
|
<td><p>\235</p></td> |
| 1138 |
|
|
<td><p>\236</p></td> |
| 1139 |
|
|
<td><p>\237</p></td> |
| 1140 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1141 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1142 |
|
|
<th><p>0xA</p></th> |
| 1143 |
|
|
<td><p>\240</p></td> |
| 1144 |
|
|
<td><p>\241</p></td> |
| 1145 |
|
|
<td><p>\242</p></td> |
| 1146 |
|
|
<td><p>\243</p></td> |
| 1147 |
|
|
<td><p>\244</p></td> |
| 1148 |
|
|
<td><p>\245</p></td> |
| 1149 |
|
|
<td><p>\246</p></td> |
| 1150 |
|
|
<td><p>\247</p></td> |
| 1151 |
|
|
<td><p>\250</p></td> |
| 1152 |
|
|
<td><p>\251</p></td> |
| 1153 |
|
|
<td><p>\252</p></td> |
| 1154 |
|
|
<td><p>\253</p></td> |
| 1155 |
|
|
<td><p>\254</p></td> |
| 1156 |
|
|
<td><p>\255</p></td> |
| 1157 |
|
|
<td><p>\256</p></td> |
| 1158 |
|
|
<td><p>\257</p></td> |
| 1159 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1160 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1161 |
|
|
<th><p>0xB</p></th> |
| 1162 |
|
|
<td><p>\260</p></td> |
| 1163 |
|
|
<td><p>\261</p></td> |
| 1164 |
|
|
<td><p>\262</p></td> |
| 1165 |
|
|
<td><p>\263</p></td> |
| 1166 |
|
|
<td><p>\264</p></td> |
| 1167 |
|
|
<td><p>\265</p></td> |
| 1168 |
|
|
<td><p>\266</p></td> |
| 1169 |
|
|
<td><p>\267</p></td> |
| 1170 |
|
|
<td><p>\270</p></td> |
| 1171 |
|
|
<td><p>\271</p></td> |
| 1172 |
|
|
<td><p>\272</p></td> |
| 1173 |
|
|
<td><p>\273</p></td> |
| 1174 |
|
|
<td><p>\274</p></td> |
| 1175 |
|
|
<td><p>\275</p></td> |
| 1176 |
|
|
<td><p>\276</p></td> |
| 1177 |
|
|
<td><p>\277</p></td> |
| 1178 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1179 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1180 |
|
|
<th><p>0xC</p></th> |
| 1181 |
|
|
<td><p>\300</p></td> |
| 1182 |
|
|
<td><p>\301</p></td> |
| 1183 |
|
|
<td><p>\302</p></td> |
| 1184 |
|
|
<td><p>\303</p></td> |
| 1185 |
|
|
<td><p>\304</p></td> |
| 1186 |
|
|
<td><p>\305</p></td> |
| 1187 |
|
|
<td><p>\306</p></td> |
| 1188 |
|
|
<td><p>\307</p></td> |
| 1189 |
|
|
<td><p>\310</p></td> |
| 1190 |
|
|
<td><p>\311</p></td> |
| 1191 |
|
|
<td><p>\312</p></td> |
| 1192 |
|
|
<td><p>\313</p></td> |
| 1193 |
|
|
<td><p>\314</p></td> |
| 1194 |
|
|
<td><p>\315</p></td> |
| 1195 |
|
|
<td><p>\316</p></td> |
| 1196 |
|
|
<td><p>\317</p></td> |
| 1197 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1198 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1199 |
|
|
<th><p>0xD</p></th> |
| 1200 |
|
|
<td><p>\320</p></td> |
| 1201 |
|
|
<td><p>\321</p></td> |
| 1202 |
|
|
<td><p>\322</p></td> |
| 1203 |
|
|
<td><p>\323</p></td> |
| 1204 |
|
|
<td><p>\324</p></td> |
| 1205 |
|
|
<td><p>\325</p></td> |
| 1206 |
|
|
<td><p>\326</p></td> |
| 1207 |
|
|
<td><p>\327</p></td> |
| 1208 |
|
|
<td><p>\330</p></td> |
| 1209 |
|
|
<td><p>\331</p></td> |
| 1210 |
|
|
<td><p>\332</p></td> |
| 1211 |
|
|
<td><p>\333</p></td> |
| 1212 |
|
|
<td><p>\334</p></td> |
| 1213 |
|
|
<td><p>\335</p></td> |
| 1214 |
|
|
<td><p>\336</p></td> |
| 1215 |
|
|
<td><p>\337</p></td> |
| 1216 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1217 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1218 |
|
|
<th><p>0xE</p></th> |
| 1219 |
|
|
<td><p>\340</p></td> |
| 1220 |
|
|
<td><p>\341</p></td> |
| 1221 |
|
|
<td><p>\342</p></td> |
| 1222 |
|
|
<td><p>\343</p></td> |
| 1223 |
|
|
<td><p>\344</p></td> |
| 1224 |
|
|
<td><p>\345</p></td> |
| 1225 |
|
|
<td><p>\346</p></td> |
| 1226 |
|
|
<td><p>\347</p></td> |
| 1227 |
|
|
<td><p>\350</p></td> |
| 1228 |
|
|
<td><p>\351</p></td> |
| 1229 |
|
|
<td><p>\352</p></td> |
| 1230 |
|
|
<td><p>\353</p></td> |
| 1231 |
|
|
<td><p>\354</p></td> |
| 1232 |
|
|
<td><p>\355</p></td> |
| 1233 |
|
|
<td><p>\356</p></td> |
| 1234 |
|
|
<td><p>\357</p></td> |
| 1235 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1236 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1237 |
|
|
<th><p>0xF</p></th> |
| 1238 |
|
|
<td><p>\360</p></td> |
| 1239 |
|
|
<td><p>\361</p></td> |
| 1240 |
|
|
<td><p>\362</p></td> |
| 1241 |
|
|
<td><p>\363</p></td> |
| 1242 |
|
|
<td><p>\364</p></td> |
| 1243 |
|
|
<td><p>\365</p></td> |
| 1244 |
|
|
<td><p>\366</p></td> |
| 1245 |
|
|
<td><p>\367</p></td> |
| 1246 |
|
|
<td><p>\370</p></td> |
| 1247 |
|
|
<td><p>\371</p></td> |
| 1248 |
|
|
<td><p>\372</p></td> |
| 1249 |
|
|
<td><p>\373</p></td> |
| 1250 |
|
|
<td><p>\374</p></td> |
| 1251 |
|
|
<td><p>\375</p></td> |
| 1252 |
|
|
<td><p>\376</p></td> |
| 1253 |
|
|
<td><p>\377</p></td> |
| 1254 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1255 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1256 |
|
|
|
| 1257 |
|
|
<p>Some examples are shown below.</p> |
| 1258 |
|
|
|
| 1259 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 1260 |
|
|
/bin/sh |
| 1261 |
|
|
/home/demo/Documents\040and\040Settings |
| 1262 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 1263 |
|
|
|
| 1264 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.4.2">3.4.2. Grouping string arguments using wildcard expressions.</a></h4> |
| 1265 |
|
|
|
| 1266 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to use wildcards listed below in order to match string patterns.</p> |
| 1267 |
|
|
|
| 1268 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1269 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1270 |
|
|
<th><p>Wildcard</p></th> |
| 1271 |
|
|
<th><p>Pattern match</p></th> |
| 1272 |
|
|
<th><p>Examples</p></th> |
| 1273 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1274 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1275 |
|
|
<td><p>\*</p></td> |
| 1276 |
|
|
<td><p>0 or more repetitions of characters other than "/"</p></td> |
| 1277 |
|
|
<td><p>/var/log/samba/\*</p></td> |
| 1278 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1279 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1280 |
|
|
<td><p>\@</p></td> |
| 1281 |
|
|
<td><p>0 or more repetitions of characters other than "/" or "."</p></td> |
| 1282 |
|
|
<td><p>/var/www/html/\@.html</p></td> |
| 1283 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1284 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1285 |
|
|
<td><p>\?</p></td> |
| 1286 |
|
|
<td><p>1 byte character other than "/"</p></td> |
| 1287 |
|
|
<td><p>/tmp/mail.\?\?\?\?\?\?</p></td> |
| 1288 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1289 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1290 |
|
|
<td><p>\$</p></td> |
| 1291 |
|
|
<td><p>1 or more repetitions of decimal digits</p></td> |
| 1292 |
|
|
<td><p>/proc/\$/cmdline</p></td> |
| 1293 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1294 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1295 |
|
|
<td><p>\+</p></td> |
| 1296 |
|
|
<td><p>1 decimal digit</p></td> |
| 1297 |
|
|
<td><p>/var/tmp/my_work.\+</p></td> |
| 1298 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1299 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1300 |
|
|
<td><p>\X</p></td> |
| 1301 |
|
|
<td><p>1 or more repetitions of hexadecimal digits</p></td> |
| 1302 |
|
|
<td><p>/var/tmp/my-work.\X</p></td> |
| 1303 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1304 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1305 |
|
|
<td><p>\x</p></td> |
| 1306 |
|
|
<td><p>1 hexadecimal digit</p></td> |
| 1307 |
|
|
<td><p>/tmp/my-work.\x</p></td> |
| 1308 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1309 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1310 |
|
|
<td><p>\A</p></td> |
| 1311 |
|
|
<td><p>1 or more repetitions of alphabet characters</p></td> |
| 1312 |
|
|
<td><p>/var/log/my-work/\$-\A-\$.log</p></td> |
| 1313 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1314 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1315 |
|
|
<td><p>\a</p></td> |
| 1316 |
|
|
<td><p>1 alphabet character</p></td> |
| 1317 |
|
|
<td><p>/home/users/\a/\*/public_html/\*.html</p></td> |
| 1318 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1319 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1320 |
|
|
<td><p>\-</p></td> |
| 1321 |
|
|
<td><p>Pathname subtraction operator (negative match)</p></td> |
| 1322 |
|
|
<td> |
| 1323 |
|
|
<p>/\*\-proc\-sys</p> |
| 1324 |
|
|
<p>This will match /\* except "/proc" and "/sys".</p> |
| 1325 |
|
|
</td> |
| 1326 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1327 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1328 |
|
|
<td><p>/\{dir\}/</p></td> |
| 1329 |
|
|
<td><p>Recursive directory matching operator.</p> |
| 1330 |
|
|
<p>Matches "/" and 1 or more repetitions of "dir/".</p></td> |
| 1331 |
|
|
<td> |
| 1332 |
|
|
<p>/var/www/html/\{\*\}/\*.html</p> |
| 1333 |
|
|
<p>This will match all *.html files in subdirectories under /var/www/html/ directory. Note that /var/www/html/\*.html will not match.</p> |
| 1334 |
|
|
</td> |
| 1335 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1336 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1337 |
|
|
<td><p>/({dir\)/</p></td> |
| 1338 |
|
|
<td><p>Recursive directory matching operator.</p> |
| 1339 |
|
|
<p>Matches "/" and 0 or more repetitions of "dir/".</p></td> |
| 1340 |
|
|
<td> |
| 1341 |
|
|
<p>/var/www/html/\(\*\)/\*.html</p> |
| 1342 |
|
|
<p>This will match all *.html files under /var/www/html/ directory. Note that /var/www/html/\*.html will match.</p> |
| 1343 |
|
|
</td> |
| 1344 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1345 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1346 |
|
|
|
| 1347 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.4.3">3.4.3. Grouping string arguments using string_group keyword.</a></h4> |
| 1348 |
|
|
|
| 1349 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to define groups of string arguments using string_group keyword followed by $string_group_name and $string_group_member.</p> |
| 1350 |
|
|
|
| 1351 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 1352 |
|
|
string_group TMPDIR /tmp |
| 1353 |
|
|
string_group TMPDIR /tmp/\(\*\)/\* |
| 1354 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 1355 |
|
|
|
| 1356 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.4.4">3.4.4. Example of conditions that use string arguments.</a></h4> |
| 1357 |
|
|
|
| 1358 |
|
|
<p>When string argument is specified in condition part, it is quoted by " character in order to clarify that the argument is a string argument rather than name of variable.</p> |
| 1359 |
|
|
|
| 1360 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1361 |
|
|
<tr><td>Conditions example</td><td>Value of variable "path"</td><td>Comparison result</td></tr> |
| 1362 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="5">path="/tmp/\*"</td> |
| 1363 |
|
|
<td>/</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1364 |
|
|
<tr><td>/tmp</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1365 |
|
|
<tr><td>/tmp/</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1366 |
|
|
<tr><td>/tmp/rt6bh84t</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1367 |
|
|
<tr><td>/tmp/349gy08t/y8024fgf</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1368 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="5">path!="/tmp/\*"</td> |
| 1369 |
|
|
<td>/</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1370 |
|
|
<tr><td>/tmp</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1371 |
|
|
<tr><td>/tmp/</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1372 |
|
|
<tr><td>/tmp/rt6bh84t</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1373 |
|
|
<tr><td>/tmp/349gy08t/y8024fgf</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1374 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1375 |
|
|
|
| 1376 |
|
|
<p>When string_group argument is specified in condition part, it is prefixed by @ character in order to clarify that the argument is a string_group argument rather than name of variable.</p> |
| 1377 |
|
|
|
| 1378 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1379 |
|
|
<tr><td>Conditions example</td><td>Value of variable "path"</td><td>Values in TMPDIR group</td><td>Comparison result</td></tr> |
| 1380 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="4">path=@TMPDIR</td> |
| 1381 |
|
|
<td>/</td><td rowspan="4">/tmp<br>/tmp/\(\*\)/\*</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1382 |
|
|
<tr><td>/tmp</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1383 |
|
|
<tr><td>/tmp/rt6bh84t</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1384 |
|
|
<tr><td>/tmp/349gy08t/y8024fgf</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1385 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="4">path!=@TMPDIR</td> |
| 1386 |
|
|
<td>/</td><td rowspan="4">/tmp<br>/tmp/\(\*\)/\*</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1387 |
|
|
<tr><td>/tmp</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1388 |
|
|
<tr><td>/tmp/rt6bh84t</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1389 |
|
|
<tr><td>/tmp/349gy08t/y8024fgf</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1390 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1391 |
|
|
|
| 1392 |
|
|
<p>List of name of variables which reference string data is explained later.</p> |
| 1393 |
|
|
|
| 1394 |
|
|
<h3><a name="3.5">3.5. Using numeric arguments in conditions</a></h3> |
| 1395 |
|
|
|
| 1396 |
|
|
<p>Arguments such as user ID and process ID are handled as numeric argument.</p> |
| 1397 |
|
|
|
| 1398 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.5.1">3.5.1. About numeric argument representation rule</a></h4> |
| 1399 |
|
|
|
| 1400 |
|
|
<p>Decimal form, octal form and hexadecimal form are supported. Octal form is prefixed with 0 and Hexadecimal form is prefixed with 0x. For example, 010 in octal form is equivalent with 8 in decimal form, 0x10 in hexadecimal form is equivalent with 16 in decimal form.</p> |
| 1401 |
|
|
|
| 1402 |
|
|
<p>Since numeric data is handled using C language's "unsigned long" type, minimal value is 0 and maximal value is 0xFFFFFFFF (for 32 bit environments) or 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF (for 64 bit environments).</p> |
| 1403 |
|
|
|
| 1404 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to specify numeric data ranges in $min_value-$max_value form. If specifying in range, $min_value has to be smaller or equals to $max_value. For example, 0-100 is valid but 100-0 is invalid.</p> |
| 1405 |
|
|
|
| 1406 |
|
|
<p>Some examples are shown below.</p> |
| 1407 |
|
|
|
| 1408 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 1409 |
|
|
0 |
| 1410 |
|
|
100 |
| 1411 |
|
|
0xFFFF |
| 1412 |
|
|
0777 |
| 1413 |
|
|
500-1000 |
| 1414 |
|
|
0x0-0xFFFFFFFF |
| 1415 |
|
|
00-07777 |
| 1416 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 1417 |
|
|
|
| 1418 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.5.2">3.5.2. Grouping numeric arguments using number_group keyword.</a></h4> |
| 1419 |
|
|
|
| 1420 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to define groups of numeric arguments using number_group keyword followed by $number_group_name and $number_group_member.</p> |
| 1421 |
|
|
|
| 1422 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 1423 |
|
|
number_group ID_GROUP 100 |
| 1424 |
|
|
number_group ID_GROUP 200-500 |
| 1425 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 1426 |
|
|
|
| 1427 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.5.3">3.5.3. Example of conditions that use numeric arguments.</a></h4> |
| 1428 |
|
|
|
| 1429 |
|
|
<p>Comparison with numeric value is defined as below.</p> |
| 1430 |
|
|
|
| 1431 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1432 |
|
|
<tr><td>Conditions example</td><td>Value of variable "task.uid"</td><td>Comparison result</td></tr> |
| 1433 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="3">task.uid=0</td> |
| 1434 |
|
|
<td>0</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1435 |
|
|
<tr><td>100</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1436 |
|
|
<tr><td>500</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1437 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="3">task.uid!=0</td> |
| 1438 |
|
|
<td>0</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1439 |
|
|
<tr><td>100</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1440 |
|
|
<tr><td>500</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1441 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1442 |
|
|
|
| 1443 |
|
|
<p>Comparison with numeric value range is defined as below.</p> |
| 1444 |
|
|
|
| 1445 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1446 |
|
|
<tr><td>Conditions example</td><td>Value of variable "task.gid"</td><td>Comparison result</td></tr> |
| 1447 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="3">task.gid=0-100</td> |
| 1448 |
|
|
<td>0</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1449 |
|
|
<tr><td>100</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1450 |
|
|
<tr><td>500</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1451 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="3">task.gid!=0-100</td><td>0</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1452 |
|
|
<tr><td>100</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1453 |
|
|
<tr><td>500</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1454 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1455 |
|
|
|
| 1456 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to compare one variable which references numeric value with another variable which references numeric value.</p> |
| 1457 |
|
|
|
| 1458 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1459 |
|
|
<tr><td>Conditions example</td><td>Value of variable "task.uid"</td><td>Value of variable "task.gid"</td><td>Comparison result</td></tr> |
| 1460 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="4">task.uid=task.gid</td> |
| 1461 |
|
|
<td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1462 |
|
|
<tr><td>0</td><td>100</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1463 |
|
|
<tr><td>100</td><td>0</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1464 |
|
|
<tr><td>100</td><td>100</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1465 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="4">task.uid!=task.gid</td> |
| 1466 |
|
|
<td>0</td><td>0</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1467 |
|
|
<tr><td>0</td><td>100</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1468 |
|
|
<tr><td>100</td><td>0</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1469 |
|
|
<tr><td>100</td><td>100</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1470 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1471 |
|
|
|
| 1472 |
|
|
<p>When number_group argument is specified in condition part, it is prefixed by @ character in order to clarify that the argument is a number_group argument rather than name of variable.</p> |
| 1473 |
|
|
|
| 1474 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1475 |
|
|
<tr><td>Conditions example</td><td>Value of variable "task.uid"</td><td>Values in ID_GROUP group</td><td>Comparison result</td></tr> |
| 1476 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="4">task.uid=@ID_GROUP</td> |
| 1477 |
|
|
<td>0</td><td rowspan="4">100<br>200-500</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1478 |
|
|
<tr><td>100</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1479 |
|
|
<tr><td>500</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1480 |
|
|
<tr><td>1000</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1481 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="4">task.uid!=@ID_GROUP</td> |
| 1482 |
|
|
<td>0</td><td rowspan="4">100<br>200-500</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1483 |
|
|
<tr><td>100</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1484 |
|
|
<tr><td>500</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1485 |
|
|
<tr><td>1000</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1486 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1487 |
|
|
|
| 1488 |
|
|
<p>List of name of variables which reference numeric data is explained later.</p> |
| 1489 |
|
|
|
| 1490 |
|
|
<h3><a name="3.6">3.6. Using process's information in conditions</a></h3> |
| 1491 |
|
|
|
| 1492 |
|
|
<p></p> |
| 1493 |
|
|
|
| 1494 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.6.1">3.6.1. </a></h4> |
| 1495 |
|
|
|
| 1496 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.6.2">3.6.2. </a></h4> |
| 1497 |
|
|
|
| 1498 |
|
|
<h3><a name="3.7">3.7. Using IP address arguments in conditions</a></h3> |
| 1499 |
|
|
|
| 1500 |
|
|
<p>Any operation which handles IPv4/IPv6 network address can check IP address.</p> |
| 1501 |
|
|
|
| 1502 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.7.1">3.7.1. About IP address argument representation rule</a></h4> |
| 1503 |
|
|
|
| 1504 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to handle IPv4 address and IPv6 address. IPv4 address (32 bit) is represented using dot separated decimal form. and IPv6 address (128 bit) is represented using forms defined in RFC 2373.</p> |
| 1505 |
|
|
|
| 1506 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to specify IP address ranges in $min_address-$max_address form. If specifying in range, $min_address has to be smaller or equals to $max_address. For example, 1.2.3.4-5.6.7.8 is valid but 5.6.7.8-1.2.3.4 is invalid.</p> |
| 1507 |
|
|
|
| 1508 |
|
|
<p>Some examples are shown below.</p> |
| 1509 |
|
|
|
| 1510 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 1511 |
|
|
127.0.0.1 |
| 1512 |
|
|
10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 |
| 1513 |
|
|
::1 |
| 1514 |
|
|
fd00::-fdff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff |
| 1515 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 1516 |
|
|
|
| 1517 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.7.2">3.7.2. Grouping IP address arguments using ip_group keyword.</a></h4> |
| 1518 |
|
|
|
| 1519 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to define groups of IP address arguments using ip_group keyword followed by $ip_group_name and $ip_group_member.</p> |
| 1520 |
|
|
|
| 1521 |
|
|
<pre> |
| 1522 |
|
|
ip_group PRIVATE_ADDRESS 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 |
| 1523 |
|
|
ip_group PRIVATE_ADDRESS 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255 |
| 1524 |
|
|
ip_group PRIVATE_ADDRESS 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255 |
| 1525 |
|
|
ip_group PRIVATE_ADDRESS fd00::-fdff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff |
| 1526 |
|
|
</pre> |
| 1527 |
|
|
|
| 1528 |
|
|
<h4><a name="3.7.3">3.7.3. Example of conditions that use IP address arguments.</a></h4> |
| 1529 |
|
|
|
| 1530 |
|
|
<p>Comparison with IP address value is defined as below. Note that comparison between an IPv4 address and an IPv6 address does not match.</p> |
| 1531 |
|
|
|
| 1532 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1533 |
|
|
<tr><td>Conditions example</td><td>Value of variable "ip"</td><td>Comparison result</td></tr> |
| 1534 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="4">ip=127.0.0.1</td><td>127.0.0.1</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1535 |
|
|
<tr><td>0.0.0.0</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1536 |
|
|
<tr><td>::1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1537 |
|
|
<tr><td>::ffff:127.0.0.1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1538 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="4">ip!=127.0.0.1</td><td>127.0.0.1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1539 |
|
|
<tr><td>0.0.0.0</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1540 |
|
|
<tr><td>::1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1541 |
|
|
<tr><td>::ffff:127.0.0.1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1542 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="4">ip=::1</td><td>127.0.0.1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1543 |
|
|
<tr><td>0.0.0.0</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1544 |
|
|
<tr><td>::1</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1545 |
|
|
<tr><td>::ffff:127.0.0.1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1546 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="4">ip!=::1</td><td>127.0.0.1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1547 |
|
|
<tr><td>0.0.0.0</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1548 |
|
|
<tr><td>::1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1549 |
|
|
<tr><td>::ffff:127.0.0.1</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1550 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1551 |
|
|
|
| 1552 |
|
|
<p>Comparison with IP address range is defined as below.</p> |
| 1553 |
|
|
|
| 1554 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1555 |
|
|
<tr><td>Conditions example</td><td>Value of variable "ip"</td><td>Comparison result</td></tr> |
| 1556 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="3">ip=127.0.0.0-127.255.255.255</td> |
| 1557 |
|
|
<td>127.0.0.1</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1558 |
|
|
<tr><td>10.0.0.1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1559 |
|
|
<tr><td>::ffff:127.0.0.1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1560 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="3">ip!=127.0.0.0-127.255.255.255</td> |
| 1561 |
|
|
<td>127.0.0.1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1562 |
|
|
<tr><td>10.0.0.1</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1563 |
|
|
<tr><td>::ffff:127.0.0.1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1564 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="3">ip=::-::1</td><td>::ffff:127.0.0.1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1565 |
|
|
<tr><td>127.0.0.1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1566 |
|
|
<tr><td>::1</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1567 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="3">ip!=::-::1</td><td>::ffff:127.0.0.1</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1568 |
|
|
<tr><td>127.0.0.1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1569 |
|
|
<tr><td>::1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1570 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1571 |
|
|
|
| 1572 |
|
|
<p>When ip_group argument is specified in condition part, it is prefixed by @ character in order to clarify that the argument is an ip_group argument rather than name of variable.</p> |
| 1573 |
|
|
|
| 1574 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1575 |
|
|
<tr><td>Conditions example</td><td>Value of variable "ip"</td><td>Values in PRIVATE_ADDRESS group</td><td>Comparison result</td></tr> |
| 1576 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="5">ip=@PRIVATE_ADDRESS</td> |
| 1577 |
|
|
<td>127.0.0.1</td><td rowspan="5">10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255<br>172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255<br>192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255<br>fd00::-fdff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1578 |
|
|
<tr><td>10.0.0.1</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1579 |
|
|
<tr><td>192.168.0.1</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1580 |
|
|
<tr><td>::ffff:172.16.0.1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1581 |
|
|
<tr><td>fd01::</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1582 |
|
|
<tr><td rowspan="5">ip!=@PRIVATE_ADDRESS</td><td>127.0.0.1</td><td rowspan="5">10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255<br>172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255<br>192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255<br>fd00::-fdff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1583 |
|
|
<tr><td>10.0.0.1</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1584 |
|
|
<tr><td>::ffff:192.168.0.1</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1585 |
|
|
<tr><td>::ffff:127.0.0.1</td><td>Matches</td></tr> |
| 1586 |
|
|
<tr><td>fd01::</td><td>Does not match</td></tr> |
| 1587 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1588 |
|
|
|
| 1589 |
|
|
<p>List of operations which handles IP address is explained later.</p> |
| 1590 |
|
|
|
| 1591 |
kumaneko |
16 |
<hr> |
| 1592 |
|
|
|
| 1593 |
|
|
<p>Please read <a href="#policy_specification">Policy Specification</a> before continue.</p> |
| 1594 |
|
|
|
| 1595 |
kumaneko |
10 |
<p>Then, decide conditions to restrict access. Below example restricts opening /etc/shadow for reading.</p> |
| 1596 |
|
|
|
| 1597 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1598 |
|
|
<tr><td> |
| 1599 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/etc/shadow"<br> |
| 1600 |
|
|
audit 1 |
| 1601 |
|
|
</td></tr> |
| 1602 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1603 |
|
|
|
| 1604 |
|
|
<p>By operating the system, access unmatched logs are generated and spooled in /proc/caitsith/audit interface when access request of opening /etc/shadow for reading happens. If /usr/sbin/caitsith-auditd is running , access unmatched logs will be moved to /var/log/caitsith/unmatched.log .</p> |
| 1605 |
|
|
|
| 1606 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1607 |
|
|
<tr><td> |
| 1608 |
|
|
#2012/03/02 08:11:51# global-pid=2826 result=unmatched priority=100 / read path="/etc/shadow" task.pid=2826 task.ppid=2814 task.uid=0 task.gid=0 task.euid=0 task.egid=0 task.suid=0 task.sgid=0 task.fsuid=0 task.fsgid=0 task.type!=execute_handler task.exe="/usr/bin/passwd" task.domain="/usr/sbin/sshd" path.uid=0 path.gid=42 path.ino=33708 path.major=8 path.minor=1 path.perm=0640 path.type=file path.fsmagic=0xEF53 path.parent.uid=0 path.parent.gid=0 path.parent.ino=32769 path.parent.major=8 path.parent.minor=1 path.parent.perm=0755 path.parent.type=directory path.parent.fsmagic=0xEF53 |
| 1609 |
|
|
</td></tr> |
| 1610 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1611 |
|
|
|
| 1612 |
|
|
<p>Examine the log and decide whether to grant this access request or not. To grant this request, add an allow line. Below example grants this request to /usr/bin/passwd program.</p> |
| 1613 |
|
|
|
| 1614 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1615 |
|
|
<tr><td> |
| 1616 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/etc/shadow"<br> |
| 1617 |
|
|
audit 1<br> |
| 1618 |
|
|
100 allow task.exe="/usr/bin/passwd" |
| 1619 |
|
|
</td></tr> |
| 1620 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1621 |
|
|
|
| 1622 |
|
|
<p>Operate the system again. For example, /usr/sbin/sshd program and /bin/cat program have requested opening /etc/shadow for reading.</p> |
| 1623 |
|
|
|
| 1624 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1625 |
|
|
<tr><td> |
| 1626 |
|
|
#2012/03/02 08:13:06# global-pid=2831 result=unmatched priority=100 / read path="/etc/shadow" task.pid=2831 task.ppid=2691 task.uid=0 task.gid=0 task.euid=0 task.egid=0 task.suid=0 task.sgid=0 task.fsuid=0 task.fsgid=0 task.type!=execute_handler task.exe="/usr/sbin/sshd" task.domain="/usr/sbin/sshd" path.uid=0 path.gid=42 path.ino=33716 path.major=8 path.minor=1 path.perm=0640 path.type=file path.fsmagic=0xEF53 path.parent.uid=0 path.parent.gid=0 path.parent.ino=32769 path.parent.major=8 path.parent.minor=1 path.parent.perm=0755 path.parent.type=directory path.parent.fsmagic=0xEF53<br> |
| 1627 |
|
|
#2012/03/02 08:13:12# global-pid=2837 result=unmatched priority=100 / read path="/etc/shadow" task.pid=2837 task.ppid=2833 task.uid=0 task.gid=0 task.euid=0 task.egid=0 task.suid=0 task.sgid=0 task.fsuid=0 task.fsgid=0 task.type!=execute_handler task.exe="/bin/cat" task.domain="/usr/sbin/sshd" path.uid=0 path.gid=42 path.ino=33716 path.major=8 path.minor=1 path.perm=0640 path.type=file path.fsmagic=0xEF53 path.parent.uid=0 path.parent.gid=0 path.parent.ino=32769 path.parent.major=8 path.parent.minor=1 path.parent.perm=0755 path.parent.type=directory path.parent.fsmagic=0xEF53 |
| 1628 |
|
|
</td></tr> |
| 1629 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1630 |
|
|
|
| 1631 |
|
|
<p>Add an allow line with /usr/sbin/sshd program in order to allow access by /usr/sbin/sshd program. Also, add a deny line with /bin/cat program in order to deny access by /bin/cat program. Give higher priority (i.e. smaller $cond_priority value) to deny line than allow line so that deny lines are checked before allow lines are checked.</p> |
| 1632 |
|
|
|
| 1633 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1634 |
|
|
<tr><td> |
| 1635 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/etc/shadow"<br> |
| 1636 |
|
|
audit 1<br> |
| 1637 |
|
|
10 deny task.exe="/bin/cat"<br> |
| 1638 |
|
|
100 allow task.exe="/usr/bin/passwd"<br> |
| 1639 |
|
|
100 allow task.exe="/usr/sbin/sshd" |
| 1640 |
|
|
</td></tr> |
| 1641 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1642 |
|
|
|
| 1643 |
|
|
<p>From now on, attempt to read /etc/shadow using /bin/cat should be denied and access denied logs should be generated. If /usr/sbin/caitsith-auditd is running , access denied logs will be moved to /var/log/caitsith/denied.log .</p> |
| 1644 |
|
|
|
| 1645 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1646 |
|
|
<tr><td> |
| 1647 |
|
|
#2012/03/02 08:14:38# global-pid=2842 result=denied priority=100 / read path="/etc/shadow" task.pid=2842 task.ppid=2833 task.uid=0 task.gid=0 task.euid=0 task.egid=0 task.suid=0 task.sgid=0 task.fsuid=0 task.fsgid=0 task.type!=execute_handler task.exe="/bin/cat" task.domain="/usr/sbin/sshd" path.uid=0 path.gid=42 path.ino=33716 path.major=8 path.minor=1 path.perm=0640 path.type=file path.fsmagic=0xEF53 path.parent.uid=0 path.parent.gid=0 path.parent.ino=32769 path.parent.major=8 path.parent.minor=1 path.parent.perm=0755 path.parent.type=directory path.parent.fsmagic=0xEF53 |
| 1648 |
|
|
</td></tr> |
| 1649 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1650 |
|
|
|
| 1651 |
|
|
<p>After you have finished enumerating all allow lines and deny lines, add a deny line with lowest priority (i.e. largest $cond_priority value within this block).</p> |
| 1652 |
|
|
|
| 1653 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1654 |
|
|
<tr><td> |
| 1655 |
|
|
100 acl read path="/etc/shadow"<br> |
| 1656 |
|
|
audit 1<br> |
| 1657 |
|
|
10 deny task.exe="/bin/cat"<br> |
| 1658 |
|
|
100 allow task.exe="/usr/bin/passwd"<br> |
| 1659 |
|
|
100 allow task.exe="/usr/sbin/sshd"<br> |
| 1660 |
|
|
10000 deny |
| 1661 |
|
|
</td></tr> |
| 1662 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1663 |
|
|
|
| 1664 |
|
|
<p>A rule for restricting /etc/shadow for opening is now completed.</p> |
| 1665 |
|
|
|
| 1666 |
|
|
<p>Note that the rule explained above alone cannot prevent diverted accesses such as creating a hard link of /etc/shadow . If the resource to protect has characteristic attribute, it is recommended to utilize such attributes. On several distributions, /etc/shadow is owned by shadow group. In that case, this rule can be modified to below. (Below example assumes that shadow group's group ID is 42.)</p> |
| 1667 |
|
|
|
| 1668 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1669 |
|
|
<tr><td> |
| 1670 |
|
|
100 acl read path.gid=42<br> |
| 1671 |
|
|
audit 1<br> |
| 1672 |
|
|
10 deny task.exe="/bin/cat"<br> |
| 1673 |
|
|
100 allow task.exe="/usr/bin/passwd"<br> |
| 1674 |
|
|
100 allow task.exe="/usr/sbin/sshd"<br> |
| 1675 |
|
|
10000 deny |
| 1676 |
|
|
</td></tr> |
| 1677 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1678 |
|
|
|
| 1679 |
|
|
<p>On several distributions, /etc/shadow is owned by root user and root group and has DAC permissions 0400. In that case, you might want to use a rule like below. (You should check whether there are other files with such attributes.)</p> |
| 1680 |
|
|
|
| 1681 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1682 |
|
|
<tr><td> |
| 1683 |
|
|
100 acl read path.uid=0 path.gid=0 path.perm=0400<br> |
| 1684 |
|
|
audit 1<br> |
| 1685 |
|
|
10 deny task.exe="/bin/cat"<br> |
| 1686 |
|
|
100 allow task.exe="/usr/bin/passwd"<br> |
| 1687 |
|
|
100 allow task.exe="/usr/sbin/sshd"<br> |
| 1688 |
|
|
10000 deny |
| 1689 |
|
|
</td></tr> |
| 1690 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1691 |
|
|
|
| 1692 |
|
|
<p>It is recommended to restrict other operations such as mount, link and rename. For example, a rule to deny creation of hard links which is not owned by the user would look like below. (Note that the variable which refers source pathname of link operation is "old_path" rather than "path" because the operation is "link".)</p> |
| 1693 |
|
|
|
| 1694 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1695 |
|
|
<tr><td> |
| 1696 |
|
|
100 acl link old_path.uid!=task.uid<br> |
| 1697 |
|
|
audit 1<br> |
| 1698 |
|
|
100 deny |
| 1699 |
|
|
</td></tr> |
| 1700 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1701 |
|
|
|
| 1702 |
|
|
<p>If you can split files into different filesystems or different partitions, you might be able to utilize more variables. For example, rules for denying creation of hard links on tmpfs filesystem (tmpfs filesystem's magic number is 0x01021994) would look like below.</p> |
| 1703 |
|
|
|
| 1704 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1705 |
|
|
<tr><td> |
| 1706 |
|
|
100 acl link old_path.fsmagic=0x01021994<br> |
| 1707 |
|
|
audit 1<br> |
| 1708 |
|
|
10 deny |
| 1709 |
|
|
</td></tr> |
| 1710 |
|
|
</table> |
| 1711 |
|
|
|
| 1712 |
|
|
<p>Splitting into different partitions and defining rules based on partition's attributes will help preventing diverted access via creating hard links, for hard links cannot be created across partitions. Separating /home partition from / partition will be useful when protecting resources in /home partition.</p> |
| 1713 |
|
|
|
| 1714 |
|
|
<hr> |
| 1715 |
|
|
|
| 1716 |
|
|
<h1><a name="policy_specification">Policy Specification</a></h1> |
| 1717 |
|
|
|
| 1718 |
|
|
<h2><a name="available_parameters">1. About parameters which can be handled via policy</a></h2> |
| 1719 |
|
|
|
| 1720 |
|
|
<p>Each entry in the policy has a keyword that specifies "operation", and can optionally have "conditional expressions".</p> |
| 1721 |
|
|
|
| 1722 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to check parameters which can be represented as string data or numeric data using "conditional expressions".</p> |
| 1723 |
|
|
|
| 1724 |
|
|
<h3><a name="string_expression">1.1. String parameters representation rule</a></h3> |
| 1725 |
|
|
|
| 1726 |
|
|
<p>Parameters such as file's pathnames and command line arguments and environment variables are handled as string data.</p> |
| 1727 |
|
|
|
| 1728 |
|
|
<p>All ASCII printable characters other than \ character (i.e. from 33 to 91 and from 93 to 126) are represented as is.</p> |
| 1729 |
|
|
|
| 1730 |
|
|
<p>All other characters (i.e. from 0 to 32, 92 and from 127 to 255) are represented using \ooo style octal form.</p> |
| 1731 |
|
|
|
| 1732 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 1733 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1734 |
|
|
<td> |
| 1735 |
|
|
<table><tr><td></td><td>Lower 4 bits</td></tr><tr><td>Upper 4 bits</td><td></td></tr></table> |
| 1736 |
|
|
</td> |
| 1737 |
|
|
<th><p>0x0</p></th> |
| 1738 |
|
|
<th><p>0x1</p></th> |
| 1739 |
|
|
<th><p>0x2</p></th> |
| 1740 |
|
|
<th><p>0x3</p></th> |
| 1741 |
|
|
<th><p>0x4</p></th> |
| 1742 |
|
|
<th><p>0x5</p></th> |
| 1743 |
|
|
<th><p>0x6</p></th> |
| 1744 |
|
|
<th><p>0x7</p></th> |
| 1745 |
|
|
<th><p>0x8</p></th> |
| 1746 |
|
|
<th><p>0x9</p></th> |
| 1747 |
|
|
<th><p>0xA</p></th> |
| 1748 |
|
|
<th><p>0xB</p></th> |
| 1749 |
|
|
<th><p>0xC</p></th> |
| 1750 |
|
|
<th><p>0xD</p></th> |
| 1751 |
|
|
<th><p>0xE</p></th> |
| 1752 |
|
|
<th><p>0xF</p></th> |
| 1753 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1754 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1755 |
|
|
<th><p>0x0</p></th> |
| 1756 |
|
|
<td><p>\000</p></td> |
| 1757 |
|
|
<td><p>\001</p></td> |
| 1758 |
|
|
<td><p>\002</p></td> |
| 1759 |
|
|
<td><p>\003</p></td> |
| 1760 |
|
|
<td><p>\004</p></td> |
| 1761 |
|
|
<td><p>\005</p></td> |
| 1762 |
|
|
<td><p>\006</p></td> |
| 1763 |
|
|
<td><p>\007</p></td> |
| 1764 |
|
|
<td><p>\010</p></td> |
| 1765 |
|
|
<td><p>\011</p></td> |
| 1766 |
|
|
<td><p>\012</p></td> |
| 1767 |
|
|
<td><p>\013</p></td> |
| 1768 |
|
|
<td><p>\014</p></td> |
| 1769 |
|
|
<td><p>\015</p></td> |
| 1770 |
|
|
<td><p>\016</p></td> |
| 1771 |
|
|
<td><p>\017</p></td> |
| 1772 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1773 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1774 |
|
|
<th><p>0x1</p></th> |
| 1775 |
|
|
<td><p>\020</p></td> |
| 1776 |
|
|
<td><p>\021</p></td> |
| 1777 |
|
|
<td><p>\022</p></td> |
| 1778 |
|
|
<td><p>\023</p></td> |
| 1779 |
|
|
<td><p>\024</p></td> |
| 1780 |
|
|
<td><p>\025</p></td> |
| 1781 |
|
|
<td><p>\026</p></td> |
| 1782 |
|
|
<td><p>\027</p></td> |
| 1783 |
|
|
<td><p>\030</p></td> |
| 1784 |
|
|
<td><p>\031</p></td> |
| 1785 |
|
|
<td><p>\032</p></td> |
| 1786 |
|
|
<td><p>\033</p></td> |
| 1787 |
|
|
<td><p>\034</p></td> |
| 1788 |
|
|
<td><p>\035</p></td> |
| 1789 |
|
|
<td><p>\036</p></td> |
| 1790 |
|
|
<td><p>\037</p></td> |
| 1791 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1792 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1793 |
|
|
<th><p>0x2</p></th> |
| 1794 |
|
|
<td><p>\040</p></td> |
| 1795 |
|
|
<td><p>!</p></td> |
| 1796 |
|
|
<td><p>"</p></td> |
| 1797 |
|
|
<td><p>#</p></td> |
| 1798 |
|
|
<td><p>$</p></td> |
| 1799 |
|
|
<td><p>%</p></td> |
| 1800 |
|
|
<td><p>&</p></td> |
| 1801 |
|
|
<td><p>'</p></td> |
| 1802 |
|
|
<td><p>(</p></td> |
| 1803 |
|
|
<td><p>)</p></td> |
| 1804 |
|
|
<td><p>*</p></td> |
| 1805 |
|
|
<td><p>+</p></td> |
| 1806 |
|
|
<td><p>,</p></td> |
| 1807 |
|
|
<td><p>-</p></td> |
| 1808 |
|
|
<td><p>.</p></td> |
| 1809 |
|
|
<td><p>/</p></td> |
| 1810 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1811 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1812 |
|
|
<th><p>0x3</p></th> |
| 1813 |
|
|
<td><p>0</p></td> |
| 1814 |
|
|
<td><p>1</p></td> |
| 1815 |
|
|
<td><p>2</p></td> |
| 1816 |
|
|
<td><p>3</p></td> |
| 1817 |
|
|
<td><p>4</p></td> |
| 1818 |
|
|
<td><p>5</p></td> |
| 1819 |
|
|
<td><p>6</p></td> |
| 1820 |
|
|
<td><p>7</p></td> |
| 1821 |
|
|
<td><p>8</p></td> |
| 1822 |
|
|
<td><p>9</p></td> |
| 1823 |
|
|
<td><p>:</p></td> |
| 1824 |
|
|
<td><p>;</p></td> |
| 1825 |
|
|
<td><p><</p></td> |
| 1826 |
|
|
<td><p>=</p></td> |
| 1827 |
|
|
<td><p>></p></td> |
| 1828 |
|
|
<td><p>?</p></td> |
| 1829 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1830 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1831 |
|
|
<th><p>0x4</p></th> |
| 1832 |
|
|
<td><p>@</p></td> |
| 1833 |
|
|
<td><p>A</p></td> |
| 1834 |
|
|
<td><p>B</p></td> |
| 1835 |
|
|
<td><p>C</p></td> |
| 1836 |
|
|
<td><p>D</p></td> |
| 1837 |
|
|
<td><p>E</p></td> |
| 1838 |
|
|
<td><p>F</p></td> |
| 1839 |
|
|
<td><p>G</p></td> |
| 1840 |
|
|
<td><p>H</p></td> |
| 1841 |
|
|
<td><p>I</p></td> |
| 1842 |
|
|
<td><p>J</p></td> |
| 1843 |
|
|
<td><p>K</p></td> |
| 1844 |
|
|
<td><p>L</p></td> |
| 1845 |
|
|
<td><p>M</p></td> |
| 1846 |
|
|
<td><p>N</p></td> |
| 1847 |
|
|
<td><p>O</p></td> |
| 1848 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1849 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1850 |
|
|
<th><p>0x5</p></th> |
| 1851 |
|
|
<td><p>P</p></td> |
| 1852 |
|
|
<td><p>Q</p></td> |
| 1853 |
|
|
<td><p>R</p></td> |
| 1854 |
|
|
<td><p>S</p></td> |
| 1855 |
|
|
<td><p>T</p></td> |
| 1856 |
|
|
<td><p>U</p></td> |
| 1857 |
|
|
<td><p>V</p></td> |
| 1858 |
|
|
<td><p>W</p></td> |
| 1859 |
|
|
<td><p>X</p></td> |
| 1860 |
|
|
<td><p>Y</p></td> |
| 1861 |
|
|
<td><p>Z</p></td> |
| 1862 |
|
|
<td><p>[</p></td> |
| 1863 |
|
|
<td><p>\134</p></td> |
| 1864 |
|
|
<td><p>]</p></td> |
| 1865 |
|
|
<td><p>^</p></td> |
| 1866 |
|
|
<td><p>_</p></td> |
| 1867 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1868 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1869 |
|
|
<th><p>0x6</p></th> |
| 1870 |
|
|
<td><p>`</p></td> |
| 1871 |
|
|
<td><p>a</p></td> |
| 1872 |
|
|
<td><p>b</p></td> |
| 1873 |
|
|
<td><p>c</p></td> |
| 1874 |
|
|
<td><p>d</p></td> |
| 1875 |
|
|
<td><p>e</p></td> |
| 1876 |
|
|
<td><p>f</p></td> |
| 1877 |
|
|
<td><p>g</p></td> |
| 1878 |
|
|
<td><p>h</p></td> |
| 1879 |
|
|
<td><p>i</p></td> |
| 1880 |
|
|
<td><p>j</p></td> |
| 1881 |
|
|
<td><p>k</p></td> |
| 1882 |
|
|
<td><p>l</p></td> |
| 1883 |
|
|
<td><p>m</p></td> |
| 1884 |
|
|
<td><p>n</p></td> |
| 1885 |
|
|
<td><p>o</p></td> |
| 1886 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1887 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1888 |
|
|
<th><p>0x7</p></th> |
| 1889 |
|
|
<td><p>p</p></td> |
| 1890 |
|
|
<td><p>q</p></td> |
| 1891 |
|
|
<td><p>r</p></td> |
| 1892 |
|
|
<td><p>s</p></td> |
| 1893 |
|
|
<td><p>t</p></td> |
| 1894 |
|
|
<td><p>u</p></td> |
| 1895 |
|
|
<td><p>v</p></td> |
| 1896 |
|
|
<td><p>w</p></td> |
| 1897 |
|
|
<td><p>x</p></td> |
| 1898 |
|
|
<td><p>y</p></td> |
| 1899 |
|
|
<td><p>z</p></td> |
| 1900 |
|
|
<td><p>{</p></td> |
| 1901 |
|
|
<td><p>|</p></td> |
| 1902 |
|
|
<td><p>}</p></td> |
| 1903 |
|
|
<td><p>~</p></td> |
| 1904 |
|
|
<td><p>\177</p></td> |
| 1905 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1906 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1907 |
|
|
<th><p>0x8</p></th> |
| 1908 |
|
|
<td><p>\200</p></td> |
| 1909 |
|
|
<td><p>\201</p></td> |
| 1910 |
|
|
<td><p>\202</p></td> |
| 1911 |
|
|
<td><p>\203</p></td> |
| 1912 |
|
|
<td><p>\204</p></td> |
| 1913 |
|
|
<td><p>\205</p></td> |
| 1914 |
|
|
<td><p>\206</p></td> |
| 1915 |
|
|
<td><p>\207</p></td> |
| 1916 |
|
|
<td><p>\210</p></td> |
| 1917 |
|
|
<td><p>\211</p></td> |
| 1918 |
|
|
<td><p>\212</p></td> |
| 1919 |
|
|
<td><p>\213</p></td> |
| 1920 |
|
|
<td><p>\214</p></td> |
| 1921 |
|
|
<td><p>\215</p></td> |
| 1922 |
|
|
<td><p>\216</p></td> |
| 1923 |
|
|
<td><p>\217</p></td> |
| 1924 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1925 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1926 |
|
|
<th><p>0x9</p></th> |
| 1927 |
|
|
<td><p>\220</p></td> |
| 1928 |
|
|
<td><p>\221</p></td> |
| 1929 |
|
|
<td><p>\222</p></td> |
| 1930 |
|
|
<td><p>\223</p></td> |
| 1931 |
|
|
<td><p>\224</p></td> |
| 1932 |
|
|
<td><p>\225</p></td> |
| 1933 |
|
|
<td><p>\226</p></td> |
| 1934 |
|
|
<td><p>\227</p></td> |
| 1935 |
|
|
<td><p>\230</p></td> |
| 1936 |
|
|
<td><p>\231</p></td> |
| 1937 |
|
|
<td><p>\232</p></td> |
| 1938 |
|
|
<td><p>\233</p></td> |
| 1939 |
|
|
<td><p>\234</p></td> |
| 1940 |
|
|
<td><p>\235</p></td> |
| 1941 |
|
|
<td><p>\236</p></td> |
| 1942 |
|
|
<td><p>\237</p></td> |
| 1943 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1944 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1945 |
|
|
<th><p>0xA</p></th> |
| 1946 |
|
|
<td><p>\240</p></td> |
| 1947 |
|
|
<td><p>\241</p></td> |
| 1948 |
|
|
<td><p>\242</p></td> |
| 1949 |
|
|
<td><p>\243</p></td> |
| 1950 |
|
|
<td><p>\244</p></td> |
| 1951 |
|
|
<td><p>\245</p></td> |
| 1952 |
|
|
<td><p>\246</p></td> |
| 1953 |
|
|
<td><p>\247</p></td> |
| 1954 |
|
|
<td><p>\250</p></td> |
| 1955 |
|
|
<td><p>\251</p></td> |
| 1956 |
|
|
<td><p>\252</p></td> |
| 1957 |
|
|
<td><p>\253</p></td> |
| 1958 |
|
|
<td><p>\254</p></td> |
| 1959 |
|
|
<td><p>\255</p></td> |
| 1960 |
|
|
<td><p>\256</p></td> |
| 1961 |
|
|
<td><p>\257</p></td> |
| 1962 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1963 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1964 |
|
|
<th><p>0xB</p></th> |
| 1965 |
|
|
<td><p>\260</p></td> |
| 1966 |
|
|
<td><p>\261</p></td> |
| 1967 |
|
|
<td><p>\262</p></td> |
| 1968 |
|
|
<td><p>\263</p></td> |
| 1969 |
|
|
<td><p>\264</p></td> |
| 1970 |
|
|
<td><p>\265</p></td> |
| 1971 |
|
|
<td><p>\266</p></td> |
| 1972 |
|
|
<td><p>\267</p></td> |
| 1973 |
|
|
<td><p>\270</p></td> |
| 1974 |
|
|
<td><p>\271</p></td> |
| 1975 |
|
|
<td><p>\272</p></td> |
| 1976 |
|
|
<td><p>\273</p></td> |
| 1977 |
|
|
<td><p>\274</p></td> |
| 1978 |
|
|
<td><p>\275</p></td> |
| 1979 |
|
|
<td><p>\276</p></td> |
| 1980 |
|
|
<td><p>\277</p></td> |
| 1981 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 1982 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 1983 |
|
|
<th><p>0xC</p></th> |
| 1984 |
|
|
<td><p>\300</p></td> |
| 1985 |
|
|
<td><p>\301</p></td> |
| 1986 |
|
|
<td><p>\302</p></td> |
| 1987 |
|
|
<td><p>\303</p></td> |
| 1988 |
|
|
<td><p>\304</p></td> |
| 1989 |
|
|
<td><p>\305</p></td> |
| 1990 |
|
|
<td><p>\306</p></td> |
| 1991 |
|
|
<td><p>\307</p></td> |
| 1992 |
|
|
<td><p>\310</p></td> |
| 1993 |
|
|
<td><p>\311</p></td> |
| 1994 |
|
|
<td><p>\312</p></td> |
| 1995 |
|
|
<td><p>\313</p></td> |
| 1996 |
|
|
<td><p>\314</p></td> |
| 1997 |
|
|
<td><p>\315</p></td> |
| 1998 |
|
|
<td><p>\316</p></td> |
| 1999 |
|
|
<td><p>\317</p></td> |
| 2000 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2001 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2002 |
|
|
<th><p>0xD</p></th> |
| 2003 |
|
|
<td><p>\320</p></td> |
| 2004 |
|
|
<td><p>\321</p></td> |
| 2005 |
|
|
<td><p>\322</p></td> |
| 2006 |
|
|
<td><p>\323</p></td> |
| 2007 |
|
|
<td><p>\324</p></td> |
| 2008 |
|
|
<td><p>\325</p></td> |
| 2009 |
|
|
<td><p>\326</p></td> |
| 2010 |
|
|
<td><p>\327</p></td> |
| 2011 |
|
|
<td><p>\330</p></td> |
| 2012 |
|
|
<td><p>\331</p></td> |
| 2013 |
|
|
<td><p>\332</p></td> |
| 2014 |
|
|
<td><p>\333</p></td> |
| 2015 |
|
|
<td><p>\334</p></td> |
| 2016 |
|
|
<td><p>\335</p></td> |
| 2017 |
|
|
<td><p>\336</p></td> |
| 2018 |
|
|
<td><p>\337</p></td> |
| 2019 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2020 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2021 |
|
|
<th><p>0xE</p></th> |
| 2022 |
|
|
<td><p>\340</p></td> |
| 2023 |
|
|
<td><p>\341</p></td> |
| 2024 |
|
|
<td><p>\342</p></td> |
| 2025 |
|
|
<td><p>\343</p></td> |
| 2026 |
|
|
<td><p>\344</p></td> |
| 2027 |
|
|
<td><p>\345</p></td> |
| 2028 |
|
|
<td><p>\346</p></td> |
| 2029 |
|
|
<td><p>\347</p></td> |
| 2030 |
|
|
<td><p>\350</p></td> |
| 2031 |
|
|
<td><p>\351</p></td> |
| 2032 |
|
|
<td><p>\352</p></td> |
| 2033 |
|
|
<td><p>\353</p></td> |
| 2034 |
|
|
<td><p>\354</p></td> |
| 2035 |
|
|
<td><p>\355</p></td> |
| 2036 |
|
|
<td><p>\356</p></td> |
| 2037 |
|
|
<td><p>\357</p></td> |
| 2038 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2039 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2040 |
|
|
<th><p>0xF</p></th> |
| 2041 |
|
|
<td><p>\360</p></td> |
| 2042 |
|
|
<td><p>\361</p></td> |
| 2043 |
|
|
<td><p>\362</p></td> |
| 2044 |
|
|
<td><p>\363</p></td> |
| 2045 |
|
|
<td><p>\364</p></td> |
| 2046 |
|
|
<td><p>\365</p></td> |
| 2047 |
|
|
<td><p>\366</p></td> |
| 2048 |
|
|
<td><p>\367</p></td> |
| 2049 |
|
|
<td><p>\370</p></td> |
| 2050 |
|
|
<td><p>\371</p></td> |
| 2051 |
|
|
<td><p>\372</p></td> |
| 2052 |
|
|
<td><p>\373</p></td> |
| 2053 |
|
|
<td><p>\374</p></td> |
| 2054 |
|
|
<td><p>\375</p></td> |
| 2055 |
|
|
<td><p>\376</p></td> |
| 2056 |
|
|
<td><p>\377</p></td> |
| 2057 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2058 |
|
|
</table> |
| 2059 |
|
|
|
| 2060 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to use wildcards listed below in order to match string patterns.</p> |
| 2061 |
|
|
|
| 2062 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 2063 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2064 |
|
|
<th><p>Wildcard</p></th> |
| 2065 |
|
|
<th><p>Pattern match</p></th> |
| 2066 |
|
|
<th><p>Examples</p></th> |
| 2067 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2068 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2069 |
|
|
<td><p>\*</p></td> |
| 2070 |
|
|
<td><p>0 or more repetitions of characters other than "/"</p></td> |
| 2071 |
|
|
<td><p>/var/log/samba/\*</p></td> |
| 2072 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2073 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2074 |
|
|
<td><p>\@</p></td> |
| 2075 |
|
|
<td><p>0 or more repetitions of characters other than "/" or "."</p></td> |
| 2076 |
|
|
<td><p>/var/www/html/\@.html</p></td> |
| 2077 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2078 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2079 |
|
|
<td><p>\?</p></td> |
| 2080 |
|
|
<td><p>1 byte character other than "/"</p></td> |
| 2081 |
|
|
<td><p>/tmp/mail.\?\?\?\?\?\?</p></td> |
| 2082 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2083 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2084 |
|
|
<td><p>\$</p></td> |
| 2085 |
|
|
<td><p>1 or more repetitions of decimal digits</p></td> |
| 2086 |
|
|
<td><p>/proc/\$/cmdline</p></td> |
| 2087 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2088 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2089 |
|
|
<td><p>\+</p></td> |
| 2090 |
|
|
<td><p>1 decimal digit</p></td> |
| 2091 |
|
|
<td><p>/var/tmp/my_work.\+</p></td> |
| 2092 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2093 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2094 |
|
|
<td><p>\X</p></td> |
| 2095 |
|
|
<td><p>1 or more repetitions of hexadecimal digits</p></td> |
| 2096 |
|
|
<td><p>/var/tmp/my-work.\X</p></td> |
| 2097 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2098 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2099 |
|
|
<td><p>\x</p></td> |
| 2100 |
|
|
<td><p>1 hexadecimal digit</p></td> |
| 2101 |
|
|
<td><p>/tmp/my-work.\x</p></td> |
| 2102 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2103 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2104 |
|
|
<td><p>\A</p></td> |
| 2105 |
|
|
<td><p>1 or more repetitions of alphabet characters</p></td> |
| 2106 |
|
|
<td><p>/var/log/my-work/\$-\A-\$.log</p></td> |
| 2107 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2108 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2109 |
|
|
<td><p>\a</p></td> |
| 2110 |
|
|
<td><p>1 alphabet character</p></td> |
| 2111 |
|
|
<td><p>/home/users/\a/\*/public_html/\*.html</p></td> |
| 2112 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2113 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2114 |
|
|
<td><p>\-</p></td> |
| 2115 |
|
|
<td><p>Pathname subtraction operator (negative match)</p></td> |
| 2116 |
|
|
<td> |
| 2117 |
|
|
<p>/\*\-proc\-sys</p> |
| 2118 |
|
|
<p>This will match /\* except "/proc" and "/sys".</p> |
| 2119 |
|
|
</td> |
| 2120 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2121 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2122 |
|
|
<td><p>/\{dir\}/</p></td> |
| 2123 |
|
|
<td><p>Recursive directory matching operator.</p> |
| 2124 |
|
|
<p>Matches "/" and 1 or more repetitions of "dir/".</p></td> |
| 2125 |
|
|
<td> |
| 2126 |
|
|
<p>/var/www/html/\{\*\}/\*.html</p> |
| 2127 |
|
|
<p>This will match all *.html files in subdirectories under /var/www/html/ directory. Note that /var/www/html/\*.html will not match.</p> |
| 2128 |
|
|
</td> |
| 2129 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2130 |
|
|
<tr> |
| 2131 |
|
|
<td><p>/({dir\)/</p></td> |
| 2132 |
|
|
<td><p>Recursive directory matching operator.</p> |
| 2133 |
|
|
<p>Matches "/" and 0 or more repetitions of "dir/".</p></td> |
| 2134 |
|
|
<td> |
| 2135 |
|
|
<p>/var/www/html/\(\*\)/\*.html</p> |
| 2136 |
|
|
<p>This will match all *.html files under /var/www/html/ directory. Note that /var/www/html/\*.html will match.</p> |
| 2137 |
|
|
</td> |
| 2138 |
|
|
</tr> |
| 2139 |
|
|
</table> |
| 2140 |
|
|
|
| 2141 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to group string data using "<a href="#string_comparison">string_group</a>" syntax.</p> |
| 2142 |
|
|
|
| 2143 |
|
|
<h3><a name="numeric_expression">1.2. Numeric parameters representation rule</a></h3> |
| 2144 |
|
|
|
| 2145 |
|
|
<p>Parameters such as user ID and process ID are handled as numeric data.</p> |
| 2146 |
|
|
|
| 2147 |
|
|
<p>Decimal form, octal form and hexadecimal form are supported. Octal form is prefixed with 0 and Hexadecimal form is prefixed with 0x. For example, 010 in octal form is equivalent with 8 in decimal form, 0x10 in hexadecimal form is equivalent with 16 in decimal form.</p> |
| 2148 |
|
|
|
| 2149 |
|
|
<p>Since numeric data is handled using C language's "unsigned long" type, minimal value is 0 and maximal value is 0xFFFFFFFF (for 32 bit environments) or 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF (for 64 bit environments).</p> |
| 2150 |
|
|
|
| 2151 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to specify numeric data ranges in $min_value-$max_value form. If specifying in range, $min_value has to be smaller or equals to $max_value. For example, 0-100 is valid but 100-0 is invalid.</p> |
| 2152 |
|
|
|
| 2153 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to group numeric data or numeric data range using "<a href="#integer_comparison">number_group</a>" syntax.</p> |
| 2154 |
|
|
|
| 2155 |
|
|
<h3><a name="ipaddress_expression">1.3. IP address parameters representation rule</a></h3> |
| 2156 |
|
|
|
| 2157 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to handle IPv4 address and IPv6 address. IPv4 address (32 bit) is represented using dot separated decimal form. and IPv6 address (128 bit) is represented using forms defined in RFC 2373.</p> |
| 2158 |
|
|
|
| 2159 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to specify IP address ranges in $min_address-$max_address form. If specifying in range, $min_address has to be smaller or equals to $max_address. For example, 1.2.3.4-5.6.7.8 is valid but 5.6.7.8-1.2.3.4 is invalid.</p> |
| 2160 |
|
|
|
| 2161 |
|
|
<p>It is possible to group IP address and IP address range using "<a href="#ipaddr_comparison">ip_group</a>" syntax.</p> |
| 2162 |
|
|
|
| 2163 |
|
|
<h2><a name="conditions">2. About conditional expressions</a></h2> |
| 2164 |
|
|
|
| 2165 |
|
|
<p>Valid conditions are determined by "operation". See <a href="#syntax_list">List of syntaxes sorted by operations</a> for "operation".</p> |
| 2166 |
|
|
|
| 2167 |
|
|
<p>Some examples are shown below. Details of conditions are explained later.</p> |
| 2168 |
|
|
|
| 2169 |
|
|
<table border="1"> |
| 2170 |
|
|
<tr><td>Example of policy</td><td>Meaning</td></tr> |
| 2171 |
|
|
<tr><td>acl execute</td><td>Execution of any program</td></tr> |
| 2172 |
|
|
<tr><td>acl execute task.uid=0</td><td>Execution of any program by current thread's user ID is 0</td></tr> |
| 2173 |
|
|
<tr><td>acl execute task.uid=0 task.gid=0</td><td>Execution of any program by current thread's user ID and group ID are both 0</td></tr> |
| |
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