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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">Perso-Arabic script</h1> |
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<div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> |
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<table class="infobox" style="border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 255); margin-left: 0.5em; float: right; clear: right;" dir="rtl"> |
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<tbody><tr> |
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<th colspan="6" bgcolor="#ccccff"><strong class="selflink">Persian alphabet</strong></th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px;" align="center"><span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleph" title="Aleph">���_fe8d </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth_%28letter%29" title="Beth (letter)" class="mw-redirect">���_fe8f </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe_%28Persian%29" title="Pe (Persian)">��_067e </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taw_%28letter%29" title="Taw (letter)" class="mw-redirect">���_fe95 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B9%AE%C4%81%CA%BC" title="���_1e6e ��_0101 ��_02bc " class="mw-redirect">���_fe99 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimel_%28letter%29" title="Gimel (letter)" class="mw-redirect">���_fe9d </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che_%28Perso-Arabic%29" title="Che (Perso-Arabic)">��_0686 </a></span></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px;" align="center"> |
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<td><span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heth_%28letter%29" title="Heth (letter)" class="mw-redirect">���_fea1 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%AA%C4%81%CA%BC" title="���_1e2a ��_0101 ��_02bc " class="mw-redirect">���_fea5 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalet" title="Dalet">���_fea9 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%8E%C4%81l" title="���_1e0e ��_0101 l">���_feab </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resh" title="Resh">���_fead </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zayin" title="Zayin">���_feaf </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDe" title="��_017d e">��_0698 </a></span></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px;" align="center"><span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_%28letter%29" title="Shin (letter)">���_feb1 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_%28letter%29" title="Shin (letter)">���_feb5 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsade" title="Tsade">���_feb9 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%8C%C4%81d" title="���_1e0c ��_0101 d">���_febd </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teth" title="Teth">���_fec1 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%92%C4%81%CA%BC" title="���_1e92 ��_0101 ��_02bc " class="mw-redirect">���_fec5 </a></span></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px;" align="center"><span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayin" title="Ayin">���_fec9 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0ayn" title="��_0120 ayn" class="mw-redirect">���_fecd </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe_%28letter%29" title="Pe (letter)">���_fed1 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoph" title="Qoph">���_fed5 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaph_%28Persian%29" title="Kaph (Persian)" class="mw-redirect">��_06a9 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaf" title="Gaf">��_06af </a></span></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px;" align="center"><span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamedh" title="Lamedh">���_fedd </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem" title="Mem">���_fee1 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nun_%28letter%29" title="Nun (letter)">���_fee5 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waw_%28letter%29" title="Waw (letter)" class="mw-redirect">���_feed </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He_%28letter%29" title="He (letter)">��_0647 </a></span> <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodh" title="Yodh">��_06cc </a></span></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td colspan="6" style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); white-space: nowrap; font-size: 0.8em;" dir="ltr" align="center"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Persian_language" title="History of the Persian language" class="mw-redirect">History</a> ��_00b7 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">Transliteration</a><br> |
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harakat" title="Harakat" class="mw-redirect">Diacritics</a> ��_00b7 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza" title="Hamza">Hamza <span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0621 </span></a><br> |
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Arabic_numerals" title="Eastern Arabic numerals">Numerals</a> ��_00b7 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_numeration" title="Arabic numeration" class="mw-redirect">Numeration</a></td> |
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</tr> |
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</tbody></table> |
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<table class="infobox"> |
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<tbody><tr> |
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<th style="padding: 3px;" align="center" bgcolor="#33aaaa"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language"><font color="white">Persian language</font></a></th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td style="padding: 3px 2px 3px 5px; font-size: 90%;"> |
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<p><b>Regional and social varieties</b>:</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Modern Persian & Western variant</a></li> |
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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dari_%28Eastern_Persian%29" title="Dari (Eastern Persian)" class="mw-redirect">Classical Persian & Eastern variant</a></li> |
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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik_Persian" title="Tajik Persian" class="mw-redirect">Central Asian variant (<i>Tajik</i>)</a></li> |
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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzhidi_language" title="Dzhidi language" class="mw-redirect">Judeo-Persian (<i>Dzhidi</i>)</a></li> |
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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhori_language" title="Bukhori language">Judeo-Tajik (<i>Bukhori</i>)</a></li> |
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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaragi" title="Hazaragi" class="mw-redirect">Hazaragi</a></li> |
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</ul> |
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<p><b>Grammar</b>:</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_grammar" title="Persian grammar">Standard New Persian</a></li> |
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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik_grammar" title="Tajik grammar">Central Asian Persian</a></li> |
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</ul> |
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<p><b>Language features</b>:</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_vocabulary" title="Persian vocabulary">Vocabulary</a> |
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<ul> |
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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_nouns" title="Persian nouns">Nouns</a></li> |
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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_verbs" title="Persian verbs">Verbs</a></li> |
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</ul> |
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</li> |
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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_phonology" title="Persian phonology">Phonology</a></li> |
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</ul> |
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<p><b>Writing systems</b>:</p> |
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<ul> |
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<li><strong class="selflink">Perso-Arabic script</strong></li> |
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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik_alphabet" title="Tajik alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</a></li> |
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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">Romanized Persian alphabet</a></li> |
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</ul> |
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</td> |
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</tr> |
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</tbody></table> |
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<dl> |
| 189 |
<dd><i>For other scripts that have been used to write the Persian language, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language#Orthography" title="Persian language">Persian language ���_2013 Orthography</a>.</i></dd> |
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</dl> |
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<p>The <b>Perso-Arabic script</b> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing system</a> that is originally based on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic alphabet</a>. Originally used exclusively for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a>, the Arabic script was modified to match the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a>, adding four letters: <span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_067e </span> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[p]</span>, <span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0686 </span> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[t��_0283 ]</span>, <span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0698 </span> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0292 ]</span>, and <span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_06af </span> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0261 ]</span>. |
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Many languages which use the Perso-Arabic script add other letters. |
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Besides the Persian alphabet itself, the Perso-Arabic script has been |
| 194 |
applied to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu alphabet</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sindhi_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sindhi alphabet (page does not exist)">Sindhi alphabet</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saraiki_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saraiki alphabet (page does not exist)">Saraiki alphabet</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_alphabet#Comparison_of_Kurmanj.C3.AD.2C_Yekgirt.C3.BA_and_Sorani_alphabets" title="Kurdish alphabet">Kurdish Sorani alphabet</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lurish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lurish (page does not exist)">Lurish</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luri" title="Luri" class="mw-redirect">Luri</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet" title="Ottoman Turkish alphabet">Ottoman Turkish alphabet</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balochi_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balochi alphabet (page does not exist)">Balochi alphabet</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi_script" title="Shahmukhi script" class="mw-redirect">Punjabi Shahmukhi script</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iske_Imla" title="Iske Imla" class="mw-redirect">Tatar</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeri_language" title="Azeri language" class="mw-redirect">Azeri</a>, and several others.</p> |
| 195 |
<p>In order to represent non-Arabic sounds, new letters were created by |
| 196 |
adding dots, lines, and other shapes to existing letters. For example, |
| 197 |
the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">retroflex</a> sounds of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_language" title="Urdu language" class="mw-redirect">Urdu</a> are represented orthographically by adding a small ��_0637 above their non-retroflex counterparts: <span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">��_062f </span> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[d��_032a ]</span> and <span xml:lang="ur" lang="ur">��_0688 </span> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0256 ]</span>. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">voiceless retroflex fricative</a> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0282 ]</span> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto_language" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a> is represented in writing by adding a dot above and below the <span xml:lang="ps" lang="ps">��_0633 </span> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[s]</span> letter, resulting in <span xml:lang="ps" lang="ps">��_069a </span>. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">close central rounded vowel</a> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0289 ]</span> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a> is written by writing two <span xml:lang="kur" lang="kur">���_feed </span> <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[u]</span>, resulting in <span xml:lang="kur" lang="kur">���_feed ���_feed </span>.</p> |
| 198 |
<p>The Perso-Arabic script is exclusively written <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursive" title="Cursive">cursively</a>. |
| 199 |
That is, the majority of letters in a word connect to each other. This |
| 200 |
is also implemented on computers. Whenever the Perso-Arabic script is |
| 201 |
typed, the computer connects the letters to each other. Unconnected |
| 202 |
letters are not widely accepted. In Perso-Arabic, as in Arabic, words |
| 203 |
are written from right to left while numbers are written from left to |
| 204 |
right.</p> |
| 205 |
<p>There are many Arabic-derived alphabets which were not influenced by the Perso-Arabic script, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a> (used for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorabe" title="Sorabe" class="mw-redirect">Sorabe</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malagasy_language" title="Malagasy language">Malagasy</a>), and many alphabets used in Northern Africa. These alphabets used other innovations for writing such common sounds as <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[p]</span> and <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0261 ]</span>, instead of the Perso-Arabic letters <span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_067e </span> and <span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_06af </span>, although the Jawi script does use the same symbol for <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[t��_0283 ]</span> (<span style="font-size: 125%;" class="Unicode" xml:lang="und-Arab" lang="und-Arab">��_0686 </span>).</p> |
| 206 |
<p>A characteristic feature of this script, possibly tracing back to Ancient <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a>, is that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a> are underrepresented. For example, in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Arabic" title="Classical Arabic">Classical Arabic</a>, of the six vowels, the three short ones are normally omitted entirely (except in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur%27an" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>), while the three long ones are represented ambiguously by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mater_lectionis" title="Mater lectionis">certain consonants</a>. Only <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>, of the many languages using adaptations of this script, regularly indicate all vowels.</p> |
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<table id="toc" class="toc"> |
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<tbody><tr> |
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<td> |
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<div id="toctitle"> |
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<h2>Contents</h2> |
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<span class="toctoggle">[<a href="#" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</span></div> |
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<ul> |
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Letters"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Letters</span></a> |
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<ul> |
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Exceptions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Exceptions</span></a></li> |
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</ul> |
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</li> |
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Other_characters"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Other characters</span></a></li> |
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Changes_from_the_Arabic_writing_system"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Changes from the Arabic writing system</span></a></li> |
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Word_boundaries"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Word boundaries</span></a></li> |
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Languages_using_the_Perso-Arabic_script"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Languages using the Perso-Arabic script</span></a></li> |
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Arguments_and_discussions_on_use_of_Perso-Arabic"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Arguments and discussions on use of Perso-Arabic</span></a> |
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<ul> |
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Relation_to_Islamic_culture"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Relation to Islamic culture</span></a></li> |
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</ul> |
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</li> |
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> |
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> |
| 230 |
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> |
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</ul> |
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</td> |
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</tr> |
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</tbody></table> |
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<script type="text/javascript"> |
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</script> |
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<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perso-Arabic_script&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Letters">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Letters">Letters</span></h2> |
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<div class="thumb tright"> |
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nastaliq-proportions.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="Perso-Arabic_script_files/220px-Nastaliq-proportions.jpg" class="thumbimage" height="229" width="220"></a> |
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<div class="thumbcaption"> |
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<div class="magnify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nastaliq-proportions.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="Perso-Arabic_script_files/magnify-clip.png" alt="" height="11" width="15"></a></div> |
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Example showing the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasta%CA%BFl%C4%ABq" title="Nasta��_02bf l��_012b q" class="mw-redirect">Nasta��_02bf l��_012b q</a> calligraphic style's proportion rules.</div> |
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</div> |
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</div> |
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<p>Below are the 32 letters of the modern Persian alphabet. Since the |
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script is cursive, the appearance of a letter changes depending on its |
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position: isolated, beginning (joined on the left), middle (joined on |
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both sides), and end (joined on the right) of a word.</p> |
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<table class="wikitable"> |
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<tbody><tr align="center"> |
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<th rowspan="2">Name</th> |
| 255 |
<th rowspan="2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALA-LC_Romanization" title="ALA-LC Romanization">ALA-LC Romanization</a></th> |
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<th rowspan="2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> |
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<th colspan="4">Contextual forms</th> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
| 260 |
<th>End</th> |
| 261 |
<th>Middle</th> |
| 262 |
<th>Beginning</th> |
| 263 |
<th>Isolated</th> |
| 264 |
</tr> |
| 265 |
<tr align="center"> |
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<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">alef</span></td> |
| 267 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">��_0101 </span> / <span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">��_02be </span></td> |
| 268 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0252 ]</span>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0294 ]</span></td> |
| 269 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe8e </span></font></td> |
| 270 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe8e </span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet#Exceptions" title="Persian alphabet" class="mw-redirect">*</a></font></td> |
| 271 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0622 </span> <span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">/</span> <span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0627 </span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet#Exceptions" title="Persian alphabet" class="mw-redirect">*</a></font></td> |
| 272 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe8d </span></font></td> |
| 273 |
</tr> |
| 274 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 275 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">be</span></td> |
| 276 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">b</span></td> |
| 277 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[b]</span></td> |
| 278 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe90 </span></font></td> |
| 279 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe92 </span></font></td> |
| 280 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe91 </span></font></td> |
| 281 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0628 </span></font></td> |
| 282 |
</tr> |
| 283 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 284 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">pe</span></td> |
| 285 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">p</span></td> |
| 286 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[p]</span></td> |
| 287 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb57 </span></font></td> |
| 288 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb59 </span></font></td> |
| 289 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb59 </span></font></td> |
| 290 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_067e </span></font></td> |
| 291 |
</tr> |
| 292 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 293 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">te</span></td> |
| 294 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">t</span></td> |
| 295 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[t]</span></td> |
| 296 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe96 </span></font></td> |
| 297 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe98 </span></font></td> |
| 298 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe97 </span></font></td> |
| 299 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe95 </span></font></td> |
| 300 |
</tr> |
| 301 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 302 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">s��_0331 e</span></td> |
| 303 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">s��_0331 </span></td> |
| 304 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[s]</span></td> |
| 305 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe9a </span></font></td> |
| 306 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe9c </span></font></td> |
| 307 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe9b </span></font></td> |
| 308 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe99 </span></font></td> |
| 309 |
</tr> |
| 310 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 311 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">jim</span></td> |
| 312 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">j</span></td> |
| 313 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[d��_0292 ]</span></td> |
| 314 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe9e </span></font></td> |
| 315 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fea0 </span></font></td> |
| 316 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe9f </span></font></td> |
| 317 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe9d </span></font></td> |
| 318 |
</tr> |
| 319 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 320 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">che</span></td> |
| 321 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">ch</span></td> |
| 322 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[t��_0283 ]</span></td> |
| 323 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb7b </span></font></td> |
| 324 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb7d </span></font></td> |
| 325 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb7c </span></font></td> |
| 326 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb7a </span></font></td> |
| 327 |
</tr> |
| 328 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 329 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">���_1e25 e(-ye jimi)</span></td> |
| 330 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">���_1e25 </span></td> |
| 331 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[h]</span></td> |
| 332 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fea2 </span></font></td> |
| 333 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fea4 </span></font></td> |
| 334 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fea3 </span></font></td> |
| 335 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fea1 </span></font></td> |
| 336 |
</tr> |
| 337 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 338 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">khe</span></td> |
| 339 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">kh</span></td> |
| 340 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[x]</span></td> |
| 341 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fea6 </span></font></td> |
| 342 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fea8 </span></font></td> |
| 343 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fea7 </span></font></td> |
| 344 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fea5 </span></font></td> |
| 345 |
</tr> |
| 346 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 347 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">d��_0101 l</span></td> |
| 348 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">d</span></td> |
| 349 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[d]</span></td> |
| 350 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feaa </span></font></td> |
| 351 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feaa </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet#Exceptions" title="Persian alphabet" class="mw-redirect">*</a></font></td> |
| 352 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fea9 </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet#Exceptions" title="Persian alphabet" class="mw-redirect">*</a></font></td> |
| 353 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fea9 </span></font></td> |
| 354 |
</tr> |
| 355 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 356 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">���_1e95 ��_0101 l</span></td> |
| 357 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">���_1e95 </span></td> |
| 358 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[z]</span></td> |
| 359 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feac </span></font></td> |
| 360 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feac </span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet#Exceptions" title="Persian alphabet" class="mw-redirect">*</a></font></td> |
| 361 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feab </span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet#Exceptions" title="Persian alphabet" class="mw-redirect">*</a></font></td> |
| 362 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feab </span></font></td> |
| 363 |
</tr> |
| 364 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 365 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">re</span></td> |
| 366 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">r</span></td> |
| 367 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_027e ]</span></td> |
| 368 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feae </span></font></td> |
| 369 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feae </span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet#Exceptions" title="Persian alphabet" class="mw-redirect">*</a></font></td> |
| 370 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fead </span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet#Exceptions" title="Persian alphabet" class="mw-redirect">*</a></font></td> |
| 371 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fead </span></font></td> |
| 372 |
</tr> |
| 373 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 374 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">ze</span></td> |
| 375 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">z</span></td> |
| 376 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[z]</span></td> |
| 377 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feb0 </span></font></td> |
| 378 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feb0 </span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet#Exceptions" title="Persian alphabet" class="mw-redirect">*</a></font></td> |
| 379 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feaf </span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet#Exceptions" title="Persian alphabet" class="mw-redirect">*</a></font></td> |
| 380 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feaf </span></font></td> |
| 381 |
</tr> |
| 382 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 383 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">zhe</span></td> |
| 384 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">zh</span></td> |
| 385 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0292 ]</span></td> |
| 386 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb8b </span></font></td> |
| 387 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb8b </span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet#Exceptions" title="Persian alphabet" class="mw-redirect">*</a></font></td> |
| 388 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0698 </span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet#Exceptions" title="Persian alphabet" class="mw-redirect">*</a></font></td> |
| 389 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0698 </span></font></td> |
| 390 |
</tr> |
| 391 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 392 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">sin</span></td> |
| 393 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">s</span></td> |
| 394 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[s]</span></td> |
| 395 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feb2 </span></font></td> |
| 396 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feb4 </span></font></td> |
| 397 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feb3 </span></font></td> |
| 398 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feb1 </span></font></td> |
| 399 |
</tr> |
| 400 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 401 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">shin</span></td> |
| 402 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">sh</span></td> |
| 403 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0283 ]</span></td> |
| 404 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feb6 </span></font></td> |
| 405 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feb8 </span></font></td> |
| 406 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feb7 </span></font></td> |
| 407 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feb5 </span></font></td> |
| 408 |
</tr> |
| 409 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 410 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">���_1e63 ��_0101 d</span></td> |
| 411 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">���_1e63 </span></td> |
| 412 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[s]</span></td> |
| 413 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feba </span></font></td> |
| 414 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_febc </span></font></td> |
| 415 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_febb </span></font></td> |
| 416 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feb9 </span></font></td> |
| 417 |
</tr> |
| 418 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 419 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">z��_0324 ��_0101 d</span></td> |
| 420 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">z��_0324 </span></td> |
| 421 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[z]</span></td> |
| 422 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_febe </span></font></td> |
| 423 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fec0 </span></font></td> |
| 424 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_febf </span></font></td> |
| 425 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_febd </span></font></td> |
| 426 |
</tr> |
| 427 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 428 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">���_1e6d ��_0101 </span></td> |
| 429 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">���_1e6d </span></td> |
| 430 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[t]</span></td> |
| 431 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fec2 </span></font></td> |
| 432 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fec4 </span></font></td> |
| 433 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fec3 </span></font></td> |
| 434 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fec1 </span></font></td> |
| 435 |
</tr> |
| 436 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 437 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">���_1e93 ��_0101 </span></td> |
| 438 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">���_1e93 </span></td> |
| 439 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[z]</span></td> |
| 440 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fec6 </span></font></td> |
| 441 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fec8 </span></font></td> |
| 442 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fec7 </span></font></td> |
| 443 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fec5 </span></font></td> |
| 444 |
</tr> |
| 445 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 446 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">��_02bb eyn</span></td> |
| 447 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">��_02bb </span></td> |
| 448 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0294 ]</span></td> |
| 449 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feca </span></font></td> |
| 450 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fecc </span></font></td> |
| 451 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fecb </span></font></td> |
| 452 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fec9 </span></font></td> |
| 453 |
</tr> |
| 454 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 455 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">gheyn</span></td> |
| 456 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">gh</span></td> |
| 457 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0263 ]</span> / <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0262 ]</span></td> |
| 458 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fece </span></font></td> |
| 459 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fed0 </span></font></td> |
| 460 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fecf </span></font></td> |
| 461 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fecd </span></font></td> |
| 462 |
</tr> |
| 463 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 464 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">fe</span></td> |
| 465 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">f</span></td> |
| 466 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[f]</span></td> |
| 467 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fed2 </span></font></td> |
| 468 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fed4 </span></font></td> |
| 469 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fed3 </span></font></td> |
| 470 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fed1 </span></font></td> |
| 471 |
</tr> |
| 472 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 473 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">q��_0101 f</span></td> |
| 474 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">q</span></td> |
| 475 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0262 ]</span> / <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0263 ]</span> / <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[q]</span> (in some dialects)</td> |
| 476 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fed6 </span></font></td> |
| 477 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fed8 </span></font></td> |
| 478 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fed7 </span></font></td> |
| 479 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fed5 </span></font></td> |
| 480 |
</tr> |
| 481 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 482 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">k��_0101 f</span></td> |
| 483 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">k</span></td> |
| 484 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[k]</span></td> |
| 485 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb8f </span></font></td> |
| 486 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb91 </span></font></td> |
| 487 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb90 </span></font></td> |
| 488 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_06a9 </span></font></td> |
| 489 |
</tr> |
| 490 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 491 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">g��_0101 f</span></td> |
| 492 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">g</span></td> |
| 493 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0261 ]</span></td> |
| 494 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb93 </span></font></td> |
| 495 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb95 </span></font></td> |
| 496 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb94 </span></font></td> |
| 497 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_06af </span></font></td> |
| 498 |
</tr> |
| 499 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 500 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">l��_0101 m</span></td> |
| 501 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">l</span></td> |
| 502 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[l]</span></td> |
| 503 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fede </span></font></td> |
| 504 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fee0 </span></font></td> |
| 505 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fedf </span></font></td> |
| 506 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fedd </span></font></td> |
| 507 |
</tr> |
| 508 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 509 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">mim</span></td> |
| 510 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">m</span></td> |
| 511 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[m]</span></td> |
| 512 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fee2 </span></font></td> |
| 513 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fee4 </span></font></td> |
| 514 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fee3 </span></font></td> |
| 515 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fee1 </span></font></td> |
| 516 |
</tr> |
| 517 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 518 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">nun</span></td> |
| 519 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">n</span></td> |
| 520 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[n]</span></td> |
| 521 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fee6 </span></font></td> |
| 522 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fee8 </span></font></td> |
| 523 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fee7 </span></font></td> |
| 524 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fee5 </span></font></td> |
| 525 |
</tr> |
| 526 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 527 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">v��_0101 v</span></td> |
| 528 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">v</span> / <span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">��_016b </span> / <span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">ow</span></td> |
| 529 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[v]</span> / <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[u��_02d0 ]</span> / <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[o]</span> / <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[ow]</span> / <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[o��_02d0 ]</span> (in Dari)</td> |
| 530 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feee </span></font></td> |
| 531 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feee </span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet#Exceptions" title="Persian alphabet" class="mw-redirect">*</a></font></td> |
| 532 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0648 </span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet#Exceptions" title="Persian alphabet" class="mw-redirect">*</a></font></td> |
| 533 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0648 </span></font></td> |
| 534 |
</tr> |
| 535 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 536 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">he</span></td> |
| 537 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">h</span></td> |
| 538 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[h]</span></td> |
| 539 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feea </span></font></td> |
| 540 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feec </span></font></td> |
| 541 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feeb </span></font></td> |
| 542 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fee9 </span></font></td> |
| 543 |
</tr> |
| 544 |
<tr align="center"> |
| 545 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">ye</span></td> |
| 546 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">y</span> / <span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">��_012b </span> / <span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">��_00e1 </span></td> |
| 547 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[j]</span> / <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[i]</span> / <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0252 ��_02d0 ]</span> / <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[e��_02d0 ]</span> (in Dari)</td> |
| 548 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fbfd </span></font></td> |
| 549 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fef4 </span></font></td> |
| 550 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fef3 </span></font></td> |
| 551 |
<td style="line-height: 180%; padding: 10px;"><font size="6"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feef </span></font></td> |
| 552 |
</tr> |
| 553 |
</tbody></table> |
| 554 |
<h5><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perso-Arabic_script&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Exceptions">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Exceptions">Exceptions</span></h5> |
| 555 |
<p>There are seven letters in the Persian alphabet that do not connect |
| 556 |
to other letters like the rest of the letters in the alphabet. These |
| 557 |
seven letters do not have initial or medial forms but the solo and the |
| 558 |
final forms are used instead because they do not allow for a connection |
| 559 |
to be made on the left hand side to the other letters in the word. For |
| 560 |
example, when the letter <b><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0627 </span></b> "alef" is at the beginning of a word such as <span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0627 ��_06cc ��_0646 ��_062c ��_0627 </span> "inj��_0101 " (here), the initial form of "alef" is used. Or in the case of <span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0627 ��_0645 ��_0631 ��_0648 ��_0632 </span> "emruz" (today) the letter <span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_feae </span> re uses the final form and the letter <span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0648 </span> v��_0101 v uses the initial form although they are in the middle of the word.</p> |
| 561 |
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perso-Arabic_script&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other characters">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Other_characters">Other characters</span></h2> |
| 562 |
<p>The following are not actual letters but different orthographical shapes for letters, and in the case of the <span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">l��_0101 m alef</span>, a ligature. As to <span title="Nasta'liq" style="font-size: 125%; font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq',IranNastaliq,'Nafees Nastaleeq','Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01','Pak Nastaleeq',PDMS_Jauhar;" xml:lang="und-Arab" lang="und-Arab">���_fe80 </span> <i>hamze</i>, |
| 563 |
it has only a single graphic, since it is never tied to a preceding or |
| 564 |
following letter. However, it is sometimes 'seated' on a v��_0101 v, ye or |
| 565 |
alef, and in that case the seat behaves like an ordinary v��_0101 v, ye or alef |
| 566 |
respectively. Technically, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza" title="Hamza">hamze</a> is not a letter but a diacritic.</p> |
| 567 |
<table id="sortable_table_id_0" class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> |
| 568 |
<tbody><tr> |
| 569 |
<th>Name<a href="#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="Perso-Arabic_script_files/sort_none.gif" alt="���_2193 "></span></a></th> |
| 570 |
<th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">Transliteration</a><a href="#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="Perso-Arabic_script_files/sort_none.gif" alt="���_2193 "></span></a></th> |
| 571 |
<th><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a><a href="#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="Perso-Arabic_script_files/sort_none.gif" alt="���_2193 "></span></a></th> |
| 572 |
<th>Final<a href="#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="Perso-Arabic_script_files/sort_none.gif" alt="���_2193 "></span></a></th> |
| 573 |
<th>Medial<a href="#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="Perso-Arabic_script_files/sort_none.gif" alt="���_2193 "></span></a></th> |
| 574 |
<th>Initial<a href="#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="Perso-Arabic_script_files/sort_none.gif" alt="���_2193 "></span></a></th> |
| 575 |
<th>Stand-alone<a href="#" class="sortheader" onclick="ts_resortTable(this);return false;"><span class="sortarrow"><img src="Perso-Arabic_script_files/sort_none.gif" alt="���_2193 "></span></a></th> |
| 576 |
</tr> |
| 577 |
<tr> |
| 578 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">alef madde</span></td> |
| 579 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">��_0101 </span></td> |
| 580 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0252 ]</span></td> |
| 581 |
<td style="font-size: larger;"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe82 </span></td> |
| 582 |
<td>���_2014 </td> |
| 583 |
<td>���_2014 </td> |
| 584 |
<td style="font-size: larger;"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fe81 </span></td> |
| 585 |
</tr> |
| 586 |
<tr> |
| 587 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">he ye</span></td> |
| 588 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">-eye</span> or <span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">-eyeh</span></td> |
| 589 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[eje]</span></td> |
| 590 |
<td style="font-size: larger;"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fba5 </span></td> |
| 591 |
<td>���_2014 </td> |
| 592 |
<td>���_2014 </td> |
| 593 |
<td style="font-size: larger;"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_06c0 </span></td> |
| 594 |
</tr> |
| 595 |
<tr> |
| 596 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">l��_0101 m alef</span></td> |
| 597 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">l��_0101 </span></td> |
| 598 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[l��_0252 ]</span></td> |
| 599 |
<td style="font-size: larger;"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fefc </span></td> |
| 600 |
<td>���_2014 </td> |
| 601 |
<td>���_2014 </td> |
| 602 |
<td style="font-size: larger;"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fefb </span></td> |
| 603 |
</tr> |
| 604 |
<tr> |
| 605 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">tanvin nasb</span></td> |
| 606 |
<td><span title="Semitic transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">-an</span></td> |
| 607 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_00e6 n]</span></td> |
| 608 |
<td style="font-size: larger;"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0640 ��_0627 ��_064b </span></td> |
| 609 |
<td>���_2014 </td> |
| 610 |
<td>���_2014 </td> |
| 611 |
<td style="font-size: larger;"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0627 ��_064b </span></td> |
| 612 |
</tr> |
| 613 |
</tbody></table> |
| 614 |
<p>Although at first glance they may seem similar, there are many |
| 615 |
differences in the way the different languages use the alphabets. For |
| 616 |
example, similar words are written differently in Persian and Arabic, as |
| 617 |
they are used differently.</p> |
| 618 |
<p>The Persian alphabet adds four letters to the Arabic alphabet, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[p]</span>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0261 ]</span>, <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[t��_0283 ]</span> (<i>ch</i> in <i>chair</i>), <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0292 ]</span> (<i>s</i> in <i>measure</i>):</p> |
| 619 |
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> |
| 620 |
<tbody><tr> |
| 621 |
<th>Sound</th> |
| 622 |
<th>Shape</th> |
| 623 |
<th>Unicode name</th> |
| 624 |
</tr> |
| 625 |
<tr> |
| 626 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[p]</span></td> |
| 627 |
<td style="font-size: larger;"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_067e </span></td> |
| 628 |
<td>pe</td> |
| 629 |
</tr> |
| 630 |
<tr> |
| 631 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[t��_0283 ]</span> (ch)</td> |
| 632 |
<td style="font-size: larger;"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0686 </span></td> |
| 633 |
<td>che</td> |
| 634 |
</tr> |
| 635 |
<tr> |
| 636 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0292 ]</span> (zh)</td> |
| 637 |
<td style="font-size: larger;"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0698 </span></td> |
| 638 |
<td>zhe</td> |
| 639 |
</tr> |
| 640 |
<tr> |
| 641 |
<td><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA">[��_0261 ]</span></td> |
| 642 |
<td style="font-size: larger;"><span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_06af </span></td> |
| 643 |
<td>gaf</td> |
| 644 |
</tr> |
| 645 |
</tbody></table> |
| 646 |
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perso-Arabic_script&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Changes from the Arabic writing system">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Changes_from_the_Arabic_writing_system">Changes from the Arabic writing system</span></h2> |
| 647 |
<p>The following is a list of differences between the Arabic writing system and the Persian writing system:</p> |
| 648 |
<ol> |
| 649 |
<li>A <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza" title="Hamza">hamze</a></i> (<span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0621 </span>) is neither written above an <i>alef</i> (<span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0627 </span>) to denote a <i>zabar</i> or <i>pi��_0161 </i> nor below to denote a <i>zir</i>.</li> |
| 650 |
<li>The final <i>k��_00e2 f</i> <span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fb8f </span> is typically written without a flourish, which in Arabic it would be <span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar">���_feda </span>.</li> |
| 651 |
<li>The Arabic letter <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81%CA%BE_marb%C5%AB%E1%B9%ADa" title="T��_0101 ��_02be marb��_016b ���_1e6d a"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">t��_0101 ��_02be marb��_016b ���_1e6d a</span></a></i> (<span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar">��_0629 </span>), unless used in a direct Arabic quotation, is usually changed to a <i>te</i> (<span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_062a </span>) or <i>he</i> <span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0647 </span> because <i>t��_0101 ��_02be marb��_016b ���_1e6d a</i> is a grammatical construct in Arabic denoting femininity. Since Persian grammar lacks gender constructs, the <i>t��_0101 ��_02be marb��_016b ���_1e6d a</i> is not necessary and is only kept to maintain fidelity to the original Arabic spelling.</li> |
| 652 |
<li>Two dots are removed in the final <i>ye</i> (<span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_06cc </span>). Arabic differentiates the final <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">y��_0101 ��_02be </span></i> with the two dots and <i>alif maqsura</i>, which is written like a final <i>y��_0101 ��_02be </i> without two dots. Because Persian drops the two dots in the final <i>ye</i>, the <i>alif maqsura</i> cannot be differentiated from the normal final <i>ye</i>. For example, the name <i>Mus��_00e2 </i> (Moses) is written <span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0645 ��_0648 ��_0633 ��_06cc </span>. In the final letter in <i>Mus��_00e2 </i>, Persian does not differentiate between <i>ye</i> or an <i>alif maqsura</i>.</li> |
| 653 |
<li>The letters <i>pe</i> (<span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_067e </span>), <i>che</i> (<span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0686 </span>), <i>��_017e e</i> (<span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0698 </span>), and <i>g��_00e2 f</i> (<span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_06af </span>) are added because Arabic lacks these phonemes, yet they occur in the Persian language.</li> |
| 654 |
<li>Arabic letter <i>waw</i> (<span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar">��_0648 </span>) is used as <i>v��_00e2 v</i> for [v], because Arabic has no [v] and Persian has no [w].</li> |
| 655 |
<li>In the Arabic alphabet <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He_%28letter%29#Arabic_h.C4.81.CA.BE" title="He (letter)"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">h��_0101 ��_02be </span></a></i> (<span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar">���_fee9 </span>) comes before <i><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic" class="Unicode" style="white-space: normal; text-decoration: none;">w��_0101 w</span></i> (<span xml:lang="ar" lang="ar">��_0648 </span>), however in the Persian alphabet, <i>he</i> (<span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">���_fee9 </span>) comes after <i>v��_00e2 v</i> (<span xml:lang="fa" lang="fa">��_0648 </span>).</li> |
| 656 |
</ol> |
| 657 |
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perso-Arabic_script&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Word boundaries">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Word_boundaries">Word boundaries</span></h2> |
| 658 |
<p>Typically words are separated from each other by a space. Certain |
| 659 |
morphemes (such as the plural ending '-h��_00e2 ') are written without a space |
| 660 |
but separated from the previous word with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZWNJ" title="ZWNJ" class="mw-redirect">zero-width non-joiner</a>.</p> |
| 661 |
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perso-Arabic_script&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Languages using the Perso-Arabic script">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Languages_using_the_Perso-Arabic_script">Languages using the Perso-Arabic script</span></h2> |
| 662 |
<p><b>Current Use</b></p> |
| 663 |
<ul> |
| 664 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> (Iran)</li> |
| 665 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a></li> |
| 666 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahui_language" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a></li> |
| 667 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dari_%28Eastern_Persian%29" title="Dari (Eastern Persian)" class="mw-redirect">Dari</a> (Eastern Persian)</li> |
| 668 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilaki_language" title="Gilaki language">Gilaki</a></li> |
| 669 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li> |
| 670 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a><sup class="Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from September 2010" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup> In China and Iran</li> |
| 671 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Kurmanji dialect</a> in Iran and Iraq, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soran%C3%AE" title="Soran��_00ee ">Soran��_00ee dialect</a>)</li> |
| 672 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a> in China and Afghanistan</li> |
| 673 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laki_language" title="Laki language">Laki</a></li> |
| 674 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luri" title="Luri" class="mw-redirect">Luri</a></li> |
| 675 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashto_language" title="Pashto language">Pashto language</a></li> |
| 676 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a> also known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthani_language" title="Rajasthani language">Rajasthani</a></li> |
| 677 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazandarani_language" title="Mazandarani language">Mazandarani</a></li> |
| 678 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, except when it appears as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a></li> |
| 679 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Western Punjabi</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi_script" title="Shahmukhi script" class="mw-redirect">Shahmukhi script</a>)</li> |
| 680 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qashqai_language" title="Qashqai language">Qashqai</a></li> |
| 681 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> |
| 682 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_language" title="Saraiki language">Saraiki</a></li> |
| 683 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a> in Afghanistan by ethnic Tajiks</li> |
| 684 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a> in ��_0130 ran and Afghanistan</li> |
| 685 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_language" title="Urdu language" class="mw-redirect">Urdu</a></li> |
| 686 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burushaski_language" title="Burushaski language" class="mw-redirect">Burushaski</a></li> |
| 687 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> in China and Afghanistan</li> |
| 688 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a> (used different writing systems, cf. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur_alphabet" title="Uyghur alphabet" class="mw-redirect">Uyghur alphabet</a>)</li> |
| 689 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Chinese</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiaoerjin" title="Xiaoerjin" class="mw-redirect">Xiaoerjin</a>, a modified Perso Arabic script</li> |
| 690 |
</ul> |
| 691 |
<p><b>Former Use</b><br> |
| 692 |
A number of languages have used the Perso-Arabic script before, but have since changed.</p> |
| 693 |
<ul> |
| 694 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Azerbaijan" title="Republic of Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect">Republic of Azerbaijan</a> (changed first to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a>, then <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic</a>, and switched back to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> recently)</li> |
| 695 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaghatay_Turkic" title="Chaghatay Turkic" class="mw-redirect">Chaghatay Turkic</a> (changed first to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a>, then <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic</a>)</li> |
| 696 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Kazakhstan" title="Republic of Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect">Republic of Kazakhstan</a> (changed first to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a>, then <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic</a>)</li> |
| 697 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Republic of Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect">Republic of Kyrgyzstan</a> (changed first to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a>, then <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic</a>)</li> |
| 698 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Turkish</a> (changed to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a>)</li> |
| 699 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Tajikistan" title="Republic of Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect">Republic of Tajikistan</a> (changed first to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a>, then <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic</a>)</li> |
| 700 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Turkmenistan" title="Republic of Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect">Republic of Turkmenistan</a> (changed first to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a>, then <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic</a>, and switched back to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> recently)</li> |
| 701 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Uzbekistan" title="Republic of Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect">Republic of Uzbekistan</a> (changed first to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a>, then <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic</a>, and switched back to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a> recently)</li> |
| 702 |
</ul> |
| 703 |
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perso-Arabic_script&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Arguments and discussions on use of Perso-Arabic">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Arguments_and_discussions_on_use_of_Perso-Arabic">Arguments and discussions on use of Perso-Arabic</span></h2> |
| 704 |
<p>Almost in all countries which use Perso-Arabic script, there have |
| 705 |
been discussions between parties and pros and cons about replacing it. |
| 706 |
In many countries and for many concearning languages, these discussions |
| 707 |
have raised the concept of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanization</a>. for example:</p> |
| 708 |
<ul> |
| 709 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> has implemented a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</a> instead of Perso-Arabic</li> |
| 710 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> people have chosen a Latin-Based <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">Turkish alphabet</a>.</li> |
| 711 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a> implemented a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</a>, but have since switched to Latin-based alphabets.</li> |
| 712 |
<li>In Iran, methods of romanizations like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Desphilic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desphilic (page does not exist)">desphilic</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unipers" title="Unipers" class="mw-redirect">Unipers</a> have been invented.</li> |
| 713 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish" title="Kurdish">Kurdish</a> language has utilized a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_alphabet" title="Kurdish alphabet">Kurdish Latin-Based alphabet</a></li> |
| 714 |
</ul> |
| 715 |
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perso-Arabic_script&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Relation to Islamic culture">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Relation_to_Islamic_culture">Relation to Islamic culture</span></h3> |
| 716 |
<p>Perso-Arabic script in some <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_countries" title="Islamic countries" class="mw-redirect">Islamic countries</a> is being promoted and defended as a sign of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Islamic culture</a>. People and governments in some Islamic countries have an interest in this script because of its relation to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and because it has been utilized to write the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koran" title="Koran" class="mw-redirect">Koran</a>, the book of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad" title="Mohammad" class="mw-redirect">Mohammad</a>. |
| 717 |
Therefore the concept of Perso-Arabic script and Romanization in these |
| 718 |
countries is not a politically or socially neutral subject.</p> |
| 719 |
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perso-Arabic_script&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> |
| 720 |
<ul> |
| 721 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic alphabet</a></li> |
| 722 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripts_used_for_Persian" title="Scripts used for Persian" class="mw-redirect">Scripts used for Persian</a></li> |
| 723 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_phonology" title="Persian phonology">Persian phonology</a></li> |
| 724 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish language</a></li> |
| 725 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Arabic_alphabet" title="History of the Arabic alphabet">History of the Arabic alphabet</a></li> |
| 726 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_writing_system#Arabic_script" title="List of languages by writing system">List of languages using Arabic script</a></li> |
| 727 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasta%CA%BFl%C4%ABq" title="Nasta��_02bf l��_012b q" class="mw-redirect">Nasta��_02bf l��_012b q</a></li> |
| 728 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi" class="mw-redirect">Shahmukhi</a></li> |
| 729 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu alphabet</a></li> |
| 730 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajami_script" title="Ajami script">Ajami script</a></li> |
| 731 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a></li> |
| 732 |
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiaoerjin" title="Xiaoerjin" class="mw-redirect">Xiaoerjin</a></li> |
| 733 |
</ul> |
| 734 |
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perso-Arabic_script&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2> |
| 735 |
<ul> |
| 736 |
<li><span class="citation book">Books, LLC (2010). <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bu-iSQAACAAJ&dq=xiaoerjing&hl=en&ei=JgAsTabPOYH58Abb7MnjCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Arabic-Derived |
| 737 |
Alphabets: Tana, Jawi Script, Xiao'erjing, Pashto Alphabet, |
| 738 |
Perso-Arabic Script, Kurdish Alphabet, Tajik Alphabet, Urdu Alphabet</i></a>. General Books LLC. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/115542283X" title="Special:BookSources/115542283X">115542283X</a><span class="printonly">. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=bu-iSQAACAAJ&dq=xiaoerjing&hl=en&ei=JgAsTabPOYH58Abb7MnjCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.com/books?id=bu-iSQAACAAJ&dq=xiaoerjing&hl=en&ei=JgAsTabPOYH58Abb7MnjCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2010-11-30</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arabic-Derived+Alphabets%3A+Tana%2C+Jawi+Script%2C+Xiao%27erjing%2C+Pashto+Alphabet%2C+Perso-Arabic+Script%2C+Kurdish+Alphabet%2C+Tajik+Alphabet%2C+Urdu+Alphabet&rft.aulast=Books%2C+LLC&rft.au=Books%2C+LLC&rft.date=2010&rft.pub=General+Books+LLC&rft.isbn=115542283X&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbu-iSQAACAAJ%26dq%3Dxiaoerjing%26hl%3Den%26ei%3DJgAsTabPOYH58Abb7MnjCQ%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D2%26ved%3D0CCgQ6AEwAQ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Perso-Arabic_script"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> |
| 739 |
</ul> |
| 740 |
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perso-Arabic_script&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2> |
| 741 |
<ul> |
| 742 |
<li><a href="http://www.choone.com/perkey.html" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Virtual Persian Keyboard</a></li> |
| 743 |
<li><a href="http://www.user.uni-hannover.de/nhtcapri/persian-alphabet.html" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Persian Alphabet</a></li> |
| 744 |
<li><a href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/persian.htm" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Persian alphabet, numerals, and pronunciation</a></li> |
| 745 |
<li><a href="http://sartre2.byu.edu/persian/persianword/numbers.htm" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Persian numerals</a></li> |
| 746 |
<li><a href="http://www.eiktub.com/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">eiktub:</a> web-based Perso-Arabic transliteration pad, with support for Persian characters</li> |
| 747 |
<li><a href="http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/%7Ejonsafari/persian_charmaps.pdf" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Persian Character Maps</a></li> |
| 748 |
</ul> |
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| 922 |
<li class="interwiki-de"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabisch-basiertes_Persisches_Alphabet" title="Arabisch-basiertes Persisches Alphabet">Deutsch</a></li> |
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| 924 |
<li class="interwiki-fr"><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_perso-arabe" title="Alphabet perso-arabe">Fran��_00e7 ais</a></li> |
| 925 |
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| 929 |
<li class="interwiki-no"><a href="http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_persiske_alfabetet" title="Det persiske alfabetet">���_202a Norsk (bokm��_00e5 l)���_202c </a></li> |
| 930 |
<li class="interwiki-nn"><a href="http://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_persiske_alfabetet" title="Det persiske alfabetet">���_202a Norsk (nynorsk)���_202c </a></li> |
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<li class="interwiki-ru"><a href="http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="��_041f ��_0435 ��_0440 ��_0441 ��_0438 ��_0434 ��_0441 ��_043a ��_0430 ��_044f ��_043f ��_0438 ��_0441 ��_044c ��_043c ��_0435 ��_043d ��_043d ��_043e ��_0441 ��_0442 ��_044c ">��_0420 ��_0443 ��_0441 ��_0441 ��_043a ��_0438 ��_0439 </a></li> |
| 932 |
<li class="interwiki-kab"><a href="http://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agemmay_a%C9%9Brab_n_tfursit" title="Agemmay a��_025b rab n tfursit">Taqbaylit</a></li> |
| 933 |
<li class="interwiki-tg"><a href="http://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D3%A3" title="��_04b2 ��_0443 ��_0440 ��_0443 ��_0444 ��_0438 ��_0444 ��_043e ��_0440 ��_0441 ��_04e3 ">��_0422 ��_043e ��_04b7 ��_0438 ��_043a ��_04e3 </a></li> |
| 934 |
<li class="interwiki-tr"><a href="http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fars_alfabesi" title="Fars alfabesi">T��_00fc rk��_00e7 e</a></li> |
| 935 |
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| 936 |
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