graphicsmagick

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.. -*- mode: rst -*-
.. This text is in reStucturedText format, so it may look a bit odd.
.. See http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html for details.

=========================
Installing GraphicsMagick
=========================

.. contents::
  :local:

Executive Summary
-----------------

GraphicsMagick provides a comprehensive collection of utilities,
programming interfaces, and GUIs, to support file format conversion,
image processing, and 2D vector rendering.

GraphicsMagick is originally based on ImageMagick from ImageMagick Studio
(which was originally written by John Cristy at Dupont). The goal of
GraphicsMagick is to provide the highest quality product possible while
encouraging open and active participation from all interested developers.
The GraphicsMagick usage license is designed to allow it to be used for
any application, including proprietary or GPLed applications. Please see
the file `Copyright.txt <Copyright.html>`_ for the GraphicsMagick licence.

Availability
------------

GraphicsMagick release files may be downloaded from SourceForge
at http://sourceforge.net/projects/graphicsmagick/files/.

GraphicsMagick is a continual work in progress. The very latest code
is available via the Mercurial distributed source control management
tool (https://www.mercurial-scm.org/). GraphicsMagick may be retrieved
from foss.heptapod.net or SourceForge via the following commands:

  hg clone https://foss.heptapod.net/graphicsmagick/graphicsmagick GM

  hg clone http://hg.code.sf.net/p/graphicsmagick/code/ GM

Mercurial provides a complete stand-alone repository which contains
the full history of the GraphicsMagick project.  You may use the
cloned repository for your own purposes related to GraphicsMagick
(e.g. manage local GraphicsMagick changes), and can easily pull
GraphicsMagick updates from the main repository whenever you like.

Documentation
-------------

  Open the file index.html in a web browser, or refer to the gm(1) manual
  page. Also read the GraphicsMagick frequently asked questions in the
  file `www/FAQ.html <FAQ.html>`_.

Installation
------------

  GraphicsMagick may be compiled from source code for virtually any
  modern Unix system (including Linux and MacOS X) and Microsoft Windows.
  Installation instructions may be found in the following files (or their
  HTML equivalents):

  * Unix / Linux / \*BSD / MacOS-X / Cygwin / MinGW:

    `Installation on Unix-like systems <INSTALL-unix.html>`_

  * Microsoft Windows (Via "setup" style installer or from source code):

    `Installation on Microsoft Windows <INSTALL-windows.html>`_

Add-On Libraries & Programs
---------------------------

To further enhance the capabilities of GraphicsMagick, you may want to
get these programs or libraries. Note that these packages are already
integrated into the GraphicsMagick Mercurial repository for use when
building under Microsoft Windows:

* GraphicsMagick requires the BZLIB library from

    http://www.sourceware.org/bzip2/

  to read and write BZip compressed MIFF images.

* GraphicsMagick requires 'ralcgm' from

    http://www.agocg.ac.uk/train/cgm/ralcgm.htm

  to read the Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) image format. You also
  need Ghostscript and Ghostscript Fonts (see below).

* GraphicsMagick requires 'dcraw' (version 8.95 or later) from

    https://www.dechifro.org/dcraw/

  to read raw images from digital cameras.  Dcraw is invoked
  automatically when used to read files using a common RAW file format
  extension.

* GraphicsMagick requires 'fig2dev' provided in the transfig package
  from

    http://mcj.sourceforge.net/

  to read the Fig image format. Ghostscript and Ghostscript Fonts (see
  below) are also required.

* GraphicsMagick requires the FreeType software, version 2.0 or above,
  available as

    http://www.freetype.org/

  to annotate with TrueType and Postscript Type 1 fonts.

* GraphicsMagick requires Ghostscript software available from

    https://ghostscript.com/releases/index.html

  to read the Postscript or the Portable Document Format (PDF).

  Ghostscript Fonts (also known as "URW Standard postscript fonts
  (cyrillicized)") are available from

    https://sourceforge.net/projects/gs-fonts/

  Ghostscript (at the time this text is written in October, 2018) has
  been observed to have severe security issues when reading untrusted
  Postscript files (does not apply to PDF).  Examples of these severe
  security issues are being tricked into reading or writing arbitrary
  files when executing in "-dSAFER" mode, which which is supposed to
  prevent such access.  Users of Ghostscript who may encounter
  untrusted Postscript files are recommended to assure that all
  security patches have been applied and it might be necessary to use
  the latest upstream release.

  Ghostscript is available for use under both free (GPL) and
  commercial licenses.  We are not lawyers so we can not provide
  advice as to when the commercial license from Artifex is required.
  Please make sure that you are aware of Ghostscript licencing and
  usage terms if you plan to use it in some sort of commercial
  situation.

  Ghostscript (release 7.0 and later) may optionally install a library
  (libgs) under Linux. If this library is installed, GraphicsMagick may
  be configured to use it. We do **NOT** recommend using this library
  under Unix type systems. The Ghostscript library does not support
  concurrency since only one instance of the interpreter is available.
  Unix systems will obtain better performance from executing Ghostscript as
  an external process since then multiple interpreters may execute at
  once on multiple CPU cores.

  If the Ghostscript library is used, then please be aware that
  Ghostscript provides its own modified version of libjpeg and
  libJasper while GraphicsMagick will be using these libraries as
  provided with the system. If Ghostscript is not using the same
  libraries, then identically named symbols may be used from the wrong
  code, causing confusion or a program crash. If conflicts cause JPEG
  to fail (JPEG returns an error regarding expected structure sizes),
  it may be necessary to use Ghostscript's copy of libjpeg for
  GraphicsMagick, and all delegate libraries which depend on libjpeg,
  or convince Ghostscript to build against an unmodified installed
  JPEG library (and lose compatibility with some Postscript files).

* GraphicsMagick requires hp2xx available from

     http://www.gnu.org/software/hp2xx/hp2xx.html

  to read the HP-GL image format. Note that HPGL is a plotter file
  format. HP printers usually accept PCL format rather than HPGL
  format.  Ghostscript (see above) is also required.

* GraphicsMagick requires the lcms library (2.0 or later) available
  from

     http://www.littlecms.com/

  to perform ICC CMS color management.

* GraphicsMagick requires Graphviz available from

     http://www.graphviz.org/

  to read Graphvis 'dot' digraph files (with extension dot).
  Ghostscript (see above) is also required.

* GraphicsMagick requires html2ps available from

     https://sourceforge.net/projects/html2ps/

  to rasterize HTML files.  Ghostscript (see above) is also required.

* GraphicsMagick requires the JBIG-Kit software available via
  HTTP from

     http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/jbigkit/

  to read and write the JBIG image format.

* GraphicsMagick requires the WebP library version 0.1.99 (or later)
  available via HTTPS from

     https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/

  to read and write the WebP image format.

* GraphicsMagick requires the Independent JPEG Group's software
  available from

     http://www.ijg.org/

  or libjpeg-turbo available from

     https://libjpeg-turbo.org/ or https://github.com/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg-turbo

  to read and write the JPEG v1 image format.  The 'turbo' releases
  are much faster than the IJG releases on certain targets (due to
  using assembly code and other optimizations), but lack the
  SmartScale JPEG extension introduced in IJG JPEG v8, and the
  lossless coding mode JPEG extension introduced in IJG JPEG v9 (which
  is not compatible with standard lossless JPEG!).

  GraphicsMagick supports both 8-bit and 12-bit JPEG, but
  unfortunately it does not yet support both at once.

* GraphicsMagick requires the JasPer Project's JasPer library from
  https://jasper-software.github.io/jasper/ to read and write the
  JPEG-2000 format.  Due to security concerns, using the latest
  version of JasPer (3.0.0 or later) is recommended.

* On Unix-type systems, Windows/MinGW, and Windows/Cygwin,
  GraphicsMagick requires libltdl from libtool in order to support
  building GraphicsMagick with dynamically loadable modules.  Libtool
  is available via anonymous FTP from

     ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libtool/

* GraphicsMagick requires the MPEG utilities
  (`mpeg2vidcodec_v12.tar.gz`) from the MPEG Software Simulation Group
  in order to read or write the MPEG image format.

* GraphicsMagick requires the LIBPNG library, version 1.0 or above, from

     http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/pngcode.html

  to read or write the PNG, MNG, or JNG image formats.  LIBPNG depends
  upon the ZLIB library (see below).

* GraphicsMagick requires Sam Leffler's TIFF software available via
  HTTP at

     https://libtiff.gitlab.io/libtiff/

  to read the TIFF image format. It in turn optionally requires the
  JPEG and ZLIB libraries.  Libtiff 3.8.2 or later is recommended.

* GraphicsMagick may optionally use the TRIO library from

     http://sourceforge.net/projects/ctrio/

  to substitute for the vsnprintf function when the operating system
  does not provide one. Older operating systems (e.g. Solaris 2.5) may
  not provide a vsnprintf function. If vsnprintf (or the TRIO
  replacement) is not used, then vsprintf is used instead, which
  decreases the security of GraphicsMagick due to possible buffer
  overrun exploits.  It is highly unlikely that TRIO is useful on any
  modern system.

* GraphicsMagick may optionally use the 'tcmalloc' library provided as
  part of Google gperftools available from

     https://github.com/gperftools/gperftools

  to provide enhanced versions of the standard memory allocation
  facilities.  Use of tcmalloc may improve performance for both
  single-threaded and multi-threaded programs.  Benchmarking under
  Linux shows a doubling of performance with tcmalloc over the default
  glibc malloc when images are repeatedly allocated, cleared, and
  de-allocated.

* GraphicsMagick may optionally use the umem memory allocation library
  which is included in Sun's Solaris operating system, and
  OpenSolaris/Illumos derivatives, or available from

     https://github.com/omniti-labs/portableumem

  to provide enhanced versions of the standard memory allocation
  facilities. Use of umem may improve performance for multi-threaded
  programs and provides access to debugging features that detect memory
  leaks, buffer overruns, multiple frees, use of uninitialized data, use
  of freed data, and many other common programming errors.

* GraphicsMagick requires libwmflite from libwmf 0.2.5 (or later) from

     http://sourceforge.net/projects/wvware/

  to render files in the Windows Meta File (WMF) metafile format
  (16-bit WMF files only, not 32-bit "EMF"). This is the format
  commonly used for Windows clipart (available on CD at your local
  computer or technical book store). WMF support requires the FreeType
  2 library in order to render TrueType and Postscript fonts.

  While GraphicsMagick uses the libwmflite (parser) component of the
  libwmf package which does not depend on any special libraries, the
  libwmf package as a whole depends on FreeType 2 and either the
  xmlsoft libxml, or expat libraries. Since GraphicsMagick already uses
  libxml (for reading SVG and to retrieve files via HTTP or FTP), it is
  recommended that the options '--without-expat --with-xml' be supplied
  to libwmf's configure script.  If the other features of libwmf are
  not needed, then the '--disable-heavy' option may be used to only
  build libwmflite.

  GraphicsMagick's WMF renderer provides some of the finest WMF
  rendering available due its use of antialiased drawing algorithms.
  You may select a background color or texture image to render on. For
  example, "-background '#ffffffff'" renders on a transparent
  background while "-texture plasma:fractal" renders on a fractal image.

   A free set of Microsoft Windows fonts may be retrieved from
   http://sourceforge.net/projects/corefonts/. Note that the license
   for these fonts requires that they be distributed in the original
   .exe form, but the Linux folks have found ways to deal with that on
   non-Windows systems.

* GraphicsMagick requires an X server for the 'display', 'animate', and
  'import' functions to work properly. Unix systems usually provide an X
  server as part of their standard installation. For MacOS-X, X11 is a
  system install time option.

  A free X server for Microsoft Windows is included as part of
  Cygwin and may be selected from the Cygwin installer. Cygwin is
  available from

     http://www.cygwin.com/

* GraphicsMagick requires libxml2 available from

     http://xmlsoft.org/

  to read the SVG image format and to retrieve files from over a
  network via FTP and HTTP.

* GraphicsMagick requires the liblzma library from XZ Utils available from

     https://www.tukaani.org/xz/

  to support TIFF with LZMA compression and future LZMA-compression
  features (yet to be developed).  The utilities from this package are
  also necessary in order to decompress GraphicsMagick packages
  distributed with ".xz" or ".lzma" extensions.

* GraphicsMagick requires the ZLIB library from

     http://www.zlib.net/

  to read or write the PNG or Zip compressed MIFF images.

* GraphicsMagick requires the Zstandard (Zstd) library from

    https://facebook.github.io/zstd/

      or

    https://github.com/facebook/zstd/releases

  to read or write Zstd compressed TIFF images.  In the future it is
  likely that other purposes will be found for Zstd.

* GraphicsMagick may require the deflate library to link with libtiff.

  Libtiff may optionally depend on the libdeflate library (from
  https://github.com/ebiggers/libdeflate).  Linking with this library
  may be necessary for builds where libtiff depends on libdeflate.

* GraphicsMagick requires the heif library from

    https://github.com/strukturag/libheif

    and the libde265 library from

    https://github.com/strukturag/libde265

  to read HEIF/h.265 files and HEIF/AVIF files. Libheif makes use of
  libde265 for h.265/HEVC decoding and libx265 for encoding.
  GraphicsMagick does not itself provide any h.265/HEVC algoriths and
  it does not currently support encoding.

  The HEVC codec is covered by a huge number of patents (the MPEG LA
  HEVC patent list is 164 pages long!).  While GraphicsMagick is
  unable to grant any patent usage rights to users or offer legal
  advice, HEVC patents are normally paid for "per device" and so it is
  possible and even likely that the user's modern "device" is already
  covered.  For example, users of Windows 10, Apple's OS-X, or popular
  video cards may already be entitled to use the HEVC codec since the
  vendor has already paid for it.  Some countries do not support
  software patents.  The user is responsible for assuring that some
  entity has paid to allow use of any applicable HEVC patents on their
  device, or that the patents do not apply in their country.

* GraphicsMagick requires the JPEG XL (JXL) library (release 0.7.0 or
  later) from https://github.com/libjxl/libjxl to read and write JPEG
  XL files.