Commit: 2533577ff6607c4fe093acb0fb711a003a4b3eeb - gcc_os216 (git)

GCC with patches for OS216

Commit MetaInfo

• Revision: 2533577ff6607c4fe093acb0fb711a003a4b3eeb (tree)
• Time: 2007-09-11 05:44:08
• Author: Janis Johnson <janis187@us.i...>
• Commiter: Janis Johnson

Log Message

Makefile.in (libdecnumber_a_OBJS): Remove decUtility.o

2007-09-10 Janis Johnson <[e-mail]>
Ben Elliston <[e-mail]>

libdecnumber/
* Makefile.in (libdecnumber_a_OBJS): Remove decUtility.o
(dependencies): Add Symbols headers.
* decContext.c: Upgrade to decNumber 3.53.
* decContext.h: Ditto.
* decDPD.h: Ditto.
* decNumber.c: Ditto.
* decNumber.h: Ditto.
* decNumberLocal.h: Ditto.
* decBasic.c: New file from decNumber 3.53.
* decCommon.c: Ditto.
* decDouble.c: Ditto.
* decDouble.h: Ditto.
* decQuad.c: Ditto.
* decQuad.h: Ditto.
* decSingle.c: Ditto.
* decSingle.h: Ditto.
* decPacked.c: Ditto.
* decPacked.h: Ditto.
* dpd/decimal128.c: Upgrade to decNumber 3.53.
* dpd/decimal128.h: Ditto.
* dpd/decimal32.c: Ditto.
* dpd/decimal32.h: Ditto.
* dpd/decimal64.c: Ditto.
* dpd/decimal64.h: Ditto.
* decLibrary.c (dec_byte_swap): Remove.
* decContextSymbols.h: New file.
* decDoubleSymbols.h: New file.
* decNumberSymbols.h: New file.
* decPackedSymbols.h: New file.
* decQuadSymbols.h: New file.
* decSingleSymbols.h: New file.
* decUtility.c: Delete file.
* decUtility.h: Delete file.
* bid/decimal128Symbols.h: New file.
* bid/decimal128Local.h: New file.
* bid/decimal32Symbols.h: New file.
* bid/decimal64Symbols.h: New file.
* bid/host-ieee128.c (swap128): Remove.
(host_to_ieee_128, ieee_to_host_128): Don't handle endianness.
* bid/host-ieee32.c (dec_type_swap): Remove.
(host_to_ieee_32, ieee_to_host_32): Don't handle endianness.
* bid/host-ieee64.c (swap64): Remove.
(host_to_ieee_64, ieee_to_host_64): Don't handle endianness.
* dpd/decimal32Symbols.h: New file.
* dpd/decimal64Symbols.h: New file.
* dpd/decimal128Symbols.h: New file.
* dpd/decimal128Local.h: New file.

libgcc/
* Makefile.in (dfp-filenames): Remove decUtility, add
decDouble, decPacked, decQuad, decSingle.

gcc/
* dfp.c: Include decimal128Local.h;
(dfp_byte_swap): Remove.
(encode_decimal32, decode_decimal32): Don't handle endianness.
(encode_decimal64, decode_decimal64): Ditto.
(encode_decimal128, decode_decimal128): Ditto.
* config/dfp-bit.c (host_to_ieee32, ieee_to_host_32): Ditto.
(swap64): Remove.
(host_to_ieee_64, ieee_to_host_64): Don't handle endianness.

(swap128): Remove

(host_to_ieee_128, ieee_to_host_128): Don't handle endianness.
* Makefile.in (DECNUM_H): Add decimal128Local.h.

Co-Authored-By: Ben Elliston <[e-mail]>

From-SVN: r128350

Change Summary

• modified: gcc/ChangeLog
• modified: gcc/Makefile.in
• modified: gcc/config/dfp-bit.c
• modified: gcc/dfp.c
• modified: libdecnumber/ChangeLog
• modified: libdecnumber/Makefile.in
• add: libdecnumber/bid/decimal128Local.h
• add: libdecnumber/bid/decimal128Symbols.h
• add: libdecnumber/bid/decimal32Symbols.h
• add: libdecnumber/bid/decimal64Symbols.h
• modified: libdecnumber/bid/host-ieee128.c
• modified: libdecnumber/bid/host-ieee32.c
• modified: libdecnumber/bid/host-ieee64.c
• add: libdecnumber/decBasic.c
• add: libdecnumber/decCommon.c
• modified: libdecnumber/decContext.c
• modified: libdecnumber/decContext.h
• add: libdecnumber/decContextSymbols.h
• modified: libdecnumber/decDPD.h
• add: libdecnumber/decDouble.c
• add: libdecnumber/decDouble.h
• add: libdecnumber/decDoubleSymbols.h
• modified: libdecnumber/decLibrary.c
• modified: libdecnumber/decNumber.c
• modified: libdecnumber/decNumber.h
• modified: libdecnumber/decNumberLocal.h
• add: libdecnumber/decNumberSymbols.h
• add: libdecnumber/decPacked.c
• add: libdecnumber/decPacked.h
• add: libdecnumber/decPackedSymbols.h
• add: libdecnumber/decQuad.c
• add: libdecnumber/decQuad.h
• add: libdecnumber/decQuadSymbols.h
• add: libdecnumber/decSingle.c
• add: libdecnumber/decSingle.h
• add: libdecnumber/decSingleSymbols.h
• delete: libdecnumber/decUtility.c
• modified: libdecnumber/dpd/decimal128.c
• modified: libdecnumber/dpd/decimal128.h
• add: libdecnumber/dpd/decimal128Symbols.h
• modified: libdecnumber/dpd/decimal32.c
• modified: libdecnumber/dpd/decimal32.h
• add: libdecnumber/dpd/decimal32Symbols.h
• modified: libdecnumber/dpd/decimal64.c
• modified: libdecnumber/dpd/decimal64.h
• add: libdecnumber/dpd/decimal64Symbols.h
• delete: libdecnumber/{decUtility.h => dpd/decimal128Local.h}
• modified: libgcc/ChangeLog
• modified: libgcc/Makefile.in

Incremental Difference

--- a/gcc/ChangeLog
+++ b/gcc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,18 @@
[phone]  Janis Johnson  <[e-mail]>
+	    Ben Elliston  <[e-mail]>
+
+	* dfp.c: Include decimal128Local.h; 
+	(dfp_byte_swap): Remove.
+	(encode_decimal32, decode_decimal32): Don't handle endianness.
+	(encode_decimal64, decode_decimal64): Ditto.
+	(encode_decimal128, decode_decimal128): Ditto.
+	* config/dfp-bit.c (host_to_ieee32, ieee_to_host_32): Ditto.
+	(__swap64): Remove.
+	(host_to_ieee_64, ieee_to_host_64): Don't handle endianness.
+         (__swap128): Remove
+	(host_to_ieee_128, ieee_to_host_128): Don't handle endianness.
+	* Makefile.in (DECNUM_H): Add decimal128Local.h.
+
 2007-09-10  David Daney  <[e-mail]>
 
 	* config/mips/mips.md (UNSPEC_MEMORY_BARRIER): New entry in

--- a/gcc/Makefile.in
+++ b/gcc/Makefile.in
@@ -815,7 +815,8 @@ PREDICT_H = predict.h predict.def
 CPPLIB_H = $(srcdir)/../libcpp/include/line-map.h \
 	$(srcdir)/../libcpp/include/cpplib.h
 DECNUM_H = $(DECNUM)/decContext.h $(DECNUM)/decDPD.h $(DECNUM)/decNumber.h \
-	$(DECNUMFMT)/decimal32.h $(DECNUMFMT)/decimal64.h $(DECNUMFMT)/decimal128.h
+	$(DECNUMFMT)/decimal32.h $(DECNUMFMT)/decimal64.h \
+	$(DECNUMFMT)/decimal128.h $(DECNUMFMT)/decimal128Local.h
 MKDEPS_H = $(srcdir)/../libcpp/include/mkdeps.h
 SYMTAB_H = $(srcdir)/../libcpp/include/symtab.h
 CPP_ID_DATA_H = $(CPPLIB_H) $(srcdir)/../libcpp/include/cpp-id-data.h

--- a/gcc/config/dfp-bit.c
+++ b/gcc/config/dfp-bit.c
@@ -70,8 +70,6 @@ typedef decNumber* (*dfp_unary_func)
 /* A pointer to a binary decNumber operation.  */
 typedef decNumber* (*dfp_binary_func)
      (decNumber *, const decNumber *, const decNumber *, decContext *);
-
-extern uint32_t __dec_byte_swap (uint32_t);
 
 /* Unary operations.  */
 
@@ -190,101 +188,41 @@ dfp_compare_op (dfp_binary_func op, DFP_C_TYPE arg_a, DFP_C_TYPE arg_b)
 void
 __host_to_ieee_32 (_Decimal32 in, decimal32 *out)
 {
-  uint32_t t;
-
-  if (!LIBGCC2_FLOAT_WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN)
-    {
-      memcpy (&t, &in, 4);
-      t = __dec_byte_swap (t);
-      memcpy (out, &t, 4);
-    }
-  else
-    memcpy (out, &in, 4);
+  memcpy (out, &in, 4);
 }
 
 void
 __ieee_to_host_32 (decimal32 in, _Decimal32 *out)
 {
-  uint32_t t;
-
-  if (!LIBGCC2_FLOAT_WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN)
-    {
-      memcpy (&t, &in, 4);
-      t = __dec_byte_swap (t);
-      memcpy (out, &t, 4);
-    }
-  else
-    memcpy (out, &in, 4);
+  memcpy (out, &in, 4);
 }
 #endif /* L_conv_sd */
 
 #if defined(L_conv_dd)
-static void
-__swap64 (char *src, char *dst)
-{
-  uint32_t t1, t2;
-
-  if (!LIBGCC2_FLOAT_WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN) 
-    {
-      memcpy (&t1, src, 4);
-      memcpy (&t2, src + 4, 4);
-      t1 = __dec_byte_swap (t1);
-      t2 = __dec_byte_swap (t2);
-      memcpy (dst, &t2, 4);
-      memcpy (dst + 4, &t1, 4);
-    }
-  else
-    memcpy (dst, src, 8);
-}
-
 void
 __host_to_ieee_64 (_Decimal64 in, decimal64 *out)
 {
-  __swap64 ((char *) &in, (char *) out);
+  memcpy (out, &in, 8);
 }
 
 void
 __ieee_to_host_64 (decimal64 in, _Decimal64 *out)
 {
-  __swap64 ((char *) &in, (char *) out);
+  memcpy (out, &in, 8);
 }
 #endif /* L_conv_dd */
 
 #if defined(L_conv_td)
-static void
-__swap128 (char *src, char *dst)
-{
-  uint32_t t1, t2, t3, t4;
-
-  if (!LIBGCC2_FLOAT_WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN)
-    {
-      memcpy (&t1, src, 4);
-      memcpy (&t2, src + 4, 4);
-      memcpy (&t3, src + 8, 4);
-      memcpy (&t4, src + 12, 4);
-      t1 = __dec_byte_swap (t1);
-      t2 = __dec_byte_swap (t2);
-      t3 = __dec_byte_swap (t3);
-      t4 = __dec_byte_swap (t4);
-      memcpy (dst, &t4, 4);
-      memcpy (dst + 4, &t3, 4);
-      memcpy (dst + 8, &t2, 4);
-      memcpy (dst + 12, &t1, 4);
-    }
-  else
-    memcpy (dst, src, 16);
-}
-
 void
 __host_to_ieee_128 (_Decimal128 in, decimal128 *out)
 {
-  __swap128 ((char *) &in, (char *) out);
+  memcpy (out, &in, 16);
 }
 
 void
 __ieee_to_host_128 (decimal128 in, _Decimal128 *out)
 {
-  __swap128 ((char *) &in, (char *) out);
+  memcpy (out, &in, 16);
 }
 #endif /* L_conv_td */
 

--- a/gcc/dfp.c
+++ b/gcc/dfp.c
@@ -31,29 +31,11 @@ along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
    decNumber structure is large enough to hold decimal128 digits.  */
 
 #include "decimal128.h"
+#include "decimal128Local.h"
 #include "decimal64.h"
 #include "decimal32.h"
 #include "decNumber.h"
 
-static uint32_t
-dfp_byte_swap (uint32_t in)
-{
-  uint32_t out = 0;
-  unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *) &out;
-  union {
-    uint32_t i;
-    unsigned char b[4];
-  } u;
-
-  u.i = in;
-  p[0] = u.b[3];
-  p[1] = u.b[2];
-  p[2] = u.b[1];
-  p[3] = u.b[0];
-
-  return out;
-}
-
 /* Initialize R (a real with the decimal flag set) from DN.  Can
    utilize status passed in via CONTEXT, if a previous operation had
    interesting status.  */
@@ -155,10 +137,7 @@ encode_decimal32 (const struct real_format *fmt ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
   decimal_to_decnumber (r, &dn); 
   decimal32FromNumber (&d32, &dn, &set);
 
-  if (FLOAT_WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN)
-    buf[0] = *(uint32_t *) d32.bytes;
-  else
-    buf[0] = dfp_byte_swap (*(uint32_t *) d32.bytes);
+  buf[0] = *(uint32_t *) d32.bytes;
 }
 
 /* Decode an IEEE 754R decimal32 type into a real.  */
@@ -174,10 +153,7 @@ decode_decimal32 (const struct real_format *fmt ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
   decContextDefault (&set, DEC_INIT_DECIMAL128);
   set.traps = 0;
 
-  if (FLOAT_WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN)
-    *((uint32_t *) d32.bytes) = (uint32_t) buf[0];
-  else
-    *((uint32_t *) d32.bytes) = dfp_byte_swap ((uint32_t) buf[0]);
+  *((uint32_t *) d32.bytes) = (uint32_t) buf[0];
 
   decimal32ToNumber (&d32, &dn);
   decimal_from_decnumber (r, &dn, &set); 
@@ -199,16 +175,8 @@ encode_decimal64 (const struct real_format *fmt ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
   decimal_to_decnumber (r, &dn);
   decimal64FromNumber (&d64, &dn, &set);
 
-  if (FLOAT_WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN)
-    {
-      buf[0] = *(uint32_t *) &d64.bytes[0];
-      buf[1] = *(uint32_t *) &d64.bytes[4];
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      buf[1] = dfp_byte_swap (*(uint32_t *) &d64.bytes[0]);
-      buf[0] = dfp_byte_swap (*(uint32_t *) &d64.bytes[4]);
-    }
+  buf[0] = *(uint32_t *) &d64.bytes[0];
+  buf[1] = *(uint32_t *) &d64.bytes[4];
 }
 
 /* Decode an IEEE 754R decimal64 type into a real.  */
@@ -224,16 +192,8 @@ decode_decimal64 (const struct real_format *fmt ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
   decContextDefault (&set, DEC_INIT_DECIMAL128);
   set.traps = 0;
 
-  if (FLOAT_WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN)
-    {
-      *((uint32_t *) &d64.bytes[0]) = (uint32_t) buf[0];
-      *((uint32_t *) &d64.bytes[4]) = (uint32_t) buf[1];
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      *((uint32_t *) &d64.bytes[0]) = dfp_byte_swap ((uint32_t) buf[1]);
-      *((uint32_t *) &d64.bytes[4]) = dfp_byte_swap ((uint32_t) buf[0]); 
-    }
+  *((uint32_t *) &d64.bytes[0]) = (uint32_t) buf[0];
+  *((uint32_t *) &d64.bytes[4]) = (uint32_t) buf[1];
 
   decimal64ToNumber (&d64, &dn);
   decimal_from_decnumber (r, &dn, &set); 
@@ -255,20 +215,10 @@ encode_decimal128 (const struct real_format *fmt ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
   decimal_to_decnumber (r, &dn);
   decimal128FromNumber (&d128, &dn, &set);
 
-  if (FLOAT_WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN)
-    {
-      buf[0] = *(uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[0];
-      buf[1] = *(uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[4];
-      buf[2] = *(uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[8];
-      buf[3] = *(uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[12];
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      buf[0] = dfp_byte_swap (*(uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[12]);
-      buf[1] = dfp_byte_swap (*(uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[8]);
-      buf[2] = dfp_byte_swap (*(uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[4]);
-      buf[3] = dfp_byte_swap (*(uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[0]);
-    }
+  buf[0] = *(uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[0];
+  buf[1] = *(uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[4];
+  buf[2] = *(uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[8];
+  buf[3] = *(uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[12];
 }
 
 /* Decode an IEEE 754R decimal128 type into a real.  */
@@ -284,20 +234,10 @@ decode_decimal128 (const struct real_format *fmt ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
   decContextDefault (&set, DEC_INIT_DECIMAL128);
   set.traps = 0;
 
-  if (FLOAT_WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN)
-    {
-      *((uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[0])  = (uint32_t) buf[0];
-      *((uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[4])  = (uint32_t) buf[1];
-      *((uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[8])  = (uint32_t) buf[2];
-      *((uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[12]) = (uint32_t) buf[3];
-    }
-  else
-    {
-      *((uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[0])  = dfp_byte_swap ((uint32_t) buf[3]);
-      *((uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[4])  = dfp_byte_swap ((uint32_t) buf[2]);
-      *((uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[8])  = dfp_byte_swap ((uint32_t) buf[1]);
-      *((uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[12]) = dfp_byte_swap ((uint32_t) buf[0]);
-    }
+  *((uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[0])  = (uint32_t) buf[0];
+  *((uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[4])  = (uint32_t) buf[1];
+  *((uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[8])  = (uint32_t) buf[2];
+  *((uint32_t *) &d128.bytes[12]) = (uint32_t) buf[3];
 
   decimal128ToNumber (&d128, &dn);
   decimal_from_decnumber (r, &dn, &set); 

--- a/libdecnumber/ChangeLog
+++ b/libdecnumber/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,54 @@
[phone]  Janis Johnson  <[e-mail]>
+	    Ben Elliston  <[e-mail]>
+
+	* Makefile.in (libdecnumber_a_OBJS): Remove decUtility.o
+	(dependencies): Add Symbols headers.
+	* decContext.c: Upgrade to decNumber 3.53.
+	* decContext.h: Ditto.
+	* decDPD.h: Ditto.
+	* decNumber.c: Ditto.
+	* decNumber.h: Ditto.
+	* decNumberLocal.h: Ditto.
+	* decBasic.c: New file from decNumber 3.53.
+	* decCommon.c: Ditto.
+	* decDouble.c: Ditto.
+	* decDouble.h: Ditto.
+	* decQuad.c: Ditto.
+	* decQuad.h: Ditto.
+	* decSingle.c: Ditto.
+	* decSingle.h: Ditto.
+	* decPacked.c: Ditto.
+	* decPacked.h: Ditto.
+	* dpd/decimal128.c: Upgrade to decNumber 3.53.
+	* dpd/decimal128.h: Ditto.
+	* dpd/decimal32.c: Ditto.
+	* dpd/decimal32.h: Ditto.
+	* dpd/decimal64.c: Ditto.
+	* dpd/decimal64.h: Ditto.
+	* decLibrary.c (__dec_byte_swap): Remove.
+	* decContextSymbols.h: New file.
+	* decDoubleSymbols.h: New file.
+	* decNumberSymbols.h: New file.
+	* decPackedSymbols.h: New file.
+	* decQuadSymbols.h: New file.
+	* decSingleSymbols.h: New file.
+	* decUtility.c: Delete file.
+	* decUtility.h: Delete file.
+	* bid/decimal128Symbols.h: New file.
+	* bid/decimal128Local.h: New file.
+	* bid/decimal32Symbols.h: New file.
+	* bid/decimal64Symbols.h: New file.
+	* bid/host-ieee128.c (__swap128): Remove.
+	(__host_to_ieee_128, __ieee_to_host_128): Don't handle endianness.
+	* bid/host-ieee32.c (__dec_type_swap): Remove.
+	(__host_to_ieee_32, __ieee_to_host_32): Don't handle endianness.
+	* bid/host-ieee64.c (__swap64): Remove.
+	(__host_to_ieee_64, __ieee_to_host_64): Don't handle endianness.
+	* dpd/decimal32Symbols.h: New file.
+	* dpd/decimal64Symbols.h: New file.
+	* dpd/decimal128Symbols.h: New file.
+	* dpd/decimal128Local.h: New file.
+
 2007-06-18  Martin Michlmayr  <[e-mail]>
 	    H.J. Lu  <[e-mail]>
 

--- a/libdecnumber/Makefile.in
+++ b/libdecnumber/Makefile.in
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ INCLUDES = -I$(srcdir) -I.
 
 ALL_CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) $(WARN_CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) $(CPPFLAGS)
 
-libdecnumber_a_OBJS = decNumber.o decContext.o decUtility.o \
+libdecnumber_a_OBJS = decNumber.o decContext.o \
 	decimal32.o decimal64.o decimal128.o
 
 ifeq ($(enable_decimal_float),bid)
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@ endif
 
 libdecnumber_a_SOURCES = decContext.c decContext.h decDPD.h \
 	decNumber.c decNumber.h decNumberLocal.h \
-	decUtility.c decUtility.h \
 	dpd/decimal128.c dpd/decimal128.h \
 	dpd/decimal32.c dpd/decimal32.h \
 	dpd/decimal64.c dpd/decimal64.h \
@@ -113,19 +112,25 @@ $(srcdir)/config.in: @MAINT@ $(srcdir)/configure
 
 # Dependencies.
 
-decContext.o: decContext.c decContext.h decNumberLocal.h
-decNumber.o:  decNumber.c decNumber.h decContext.h decNumberLocal.h
+decContext.o: decContext.c decContext.h decNumberLocal.h \
+	decContextSymbols.h
+decNumber.o:  decNumber.c decNumber.h decContext.h decNumberLocal.h \
+	decNumberSymbols.h
 decimal32.o:  $(enable_decimal_float)/decimal32.c \
    $(enable_decimal_float)/decimal32.h \
-   decNumber.h decContext.h decNumberLocal.h decUtility.h
+   $(enable_decimal_float)/decimal32Symbols.h \
+   decNumber.h decContext.h decNumberLocal.h
 	$(COMPILE) $<
 decimal64.o:  $(enable_decimal_float)/decimal64.c \
    $(enable_decimal_float)/decimal64.h \
-   decNumber.h decContext.h decNumberLocal.h decUtility.h
+   $(enable_decimal_float)/decimal64Symbols.h \
+   decNumber.h decContext.h decNumberLocal.h
 	$(COMPILE) $<
 decimal128.o:  $(enable_decimal_float)/decimal128.c \
    $(enable_decimal_float)/decimal128.h \
-   decNumber.h decContext.h decNumberLocal.h decUtility.h
+   $(enable_decimal_float)/decimal128Symbols.h\
+   $(enable_decimal_float)/decimal128Local.h\
+   decNumber.h decContext.h decNumberLocal.h 
 	$(COMPILE) $<
 bid2dpd_dpd2bid.o : bid/bid2dpd_dpd2bid.c bid/bid2dpd_dpd2bid.h
 	$(COMPILE) $<

--- /dev/null
+++ b/libdecnumber/bid/decimal128Local.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include "dpd/decimal128Local.h"

--- /dev/null
+++ b/libdecnumber/bid/decimal128Symbols.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include "dpd/decimal128Symbols.h"

--- /dev/null
+++ b/libdecnumber/bid/decimal32Symbols.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include "dpd/decimal32Symbols.h"

--- /dev/null
+++ b/libdecnumber/bid/decimal64Symbols.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#include "dpd/decimal64Symbols.h"

--- a/libdecnumber/bid/host-ieee128.c
+++ b/libdecnumber/bid/host-ieee128.c
@@ -27,56 +27,22 @@ along with GCC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
 Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
 02110-1301, USA.  */
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <limits.h>
 
-#include "config.h"
-#include "gstdint.h"
 #include "bid-dpd.h"
 #include "decimal128.h"
 
-extern uint32_t __dec_byte_swap (uint32_t);
 void __host_to_ieee_128 (_Decimal128 in, decimal128 *out);
 void __ieee_to_host_128 (decimal128 in, _Decimal128 *out);
 
-#ifndef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
-#define WORDS_BIGENDIAN 0
-#endif
-
-static void
-__swap128 (char *src, char *dst)
-{
-  uint32_t t1, t2, t3, t4;
-
-  if (!WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
-    {
-      memcpy (&t1, src, 4);
-      memcpy (&t2, src + 4, 4);
-      memcpy (&t3, src + 8, 4);
-      memcpy (&t4, src + 12, 4);
-      t1 = __dec_byte_swap (t1);
-      t2 = __dec_byte_swap (t2);
-      t3 = __dec_byte_swap (t3);
-      t4 = __dec_byte_swap (t4);
-      memcpy (dst, &t4, 4);
-      memcpy (dst + 4, &t3, 4);
-      memcpy (dst + 8, &t2, 4);
-      memcpy (dst + 12, &t1, 4);
-    }
-  else
-    memcpy (dst, src, 16);
-}
-
 void
 __host_to_ieee_128 (_Decimal128 in, decimal128 *out)
 {
-  __swap128 ((char *) &in, (char *) out);
+  memcpy ((char *) out, (char *) &in, 16);
 }
 
 void
 __ieee_to_host_128 (decimal128 in, _Decimal128 *out)
 {
-  __swap128 ((char *) &in, (char *) out);
+  memcpy ((char *) out, (char *) &in, 16);
 }

--- a/libdecnumber/bid/host-ieee32.c
+++ b/libdecnumber/bid/host-ieee32.c
@@ -37,69 +37,21 @@ Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
 /* The intended way to use this file is to make two copies, add `#define '
    to one copy, then compile both copies and add them to libgcc.a.  */
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-
-#include "config.h"
-#include "gstdint.h"
 #include "bid-dpd.h"
 #include "decimal32.h"
 
-uint32_t __dec_byte_swap (uint32_t);
 void __host_to_ieee_32 (_Decimal32 in, decimal32 *out);
 void __ieee_to_host_32 (decimal32 in, _Decimal32 *out);
 
-#ifndef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
-#define WORDS_BIGENDIAN 0
-#endif
-
-uint32_t
-__dec_byte_swap (uint32_t in)
-{
-  uint32_t out = 0;
-  unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *) &out;
-  union {
-    uint32_t i;
-    unsigned char b[4];
-  } u;
-
-  u.i = in;
-  p[0] = u.b[3];
-  p[1] = u.b[2];
-  p[2] = u.b[1];
-  p[3] = u.b[0];
-
-  return out;
-}
-
 void
 __host_to_ieee_32 (_Decimal32 in, decimal32 *out)
 {
-  uint32_t t;
-
-  if (!WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
-    {
-      memcpy (&t, &in, 4);
-      t = __dec_byte_swap (t);
-      memcpy (out, &t, 4);
-    }
-  else
-    memcpy (out, &in, 4);
+  memcpy ((char *) out, (char *) &in, 4);
 }
 
 void
 __ieee_to_host_32 (decimal32 in, _Decimal32 *out)
 {
-  uint32_t t;
-
-  if (!WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
-    {
-      memcpy (&t, &in, 4);
-      t = __dec_byte_swap (t);
-      memcpy (out, &t, 4);
-    }
-  else
-    memcpy (out, &in, 4);
+  memcpy ((char *) out, (char *) &in, 4);
 }

--- a/libdecnumber/bid/host-ieee64.c
+++ b/libdecnumber/bid/host-ieee64.c
@@ -37,50 +37,21 @@ Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
 /* The intended way to use this file is to make two copies, add `#define '
    to one copy, then compile both copies and add them to libgcc.a.  */
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-
-#include "config.h"
-#include "gstdint.h"
 #include "bid-dpd.h"
 #include "decimal64.h"
 
-uint32_t __dec_byte_swap (uint32_t);
 void __host_to_ieee_64 (_Decimal64 in, decimal64 *out);
 void __ieee_to_host_64 (decimal64 in, _Decimal64 *out);
 
-#ifndef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
-#define WORDS_BIGENDIAN 0
-#endif
-
-static void
-__swap64 (char *src, char *dst)
-{
-  uint32_t t1, t2;
-
-  if (!WORDS_BIGENDIAN) 
-    {
-      memcpy (&t1, src, 4);
-      memcpy (&t2, src + 4, 4);
-      t1 = __dec_byte_swap (t1);
-      t2 = __dec_byte_swap (t2);
-      memcpy (dst, &t2, 4);
-      memcpy (dst + 4, &t1, 4);
-    }
-  else
-    memcpy (dst, src, 8);
-}
-
 void
 __host_to_ieee_64 (_Decimal64 in, decimal64 *out)
 {
-  __swap64 ((char *) &in, (char *) out);
+  memcpy ((char *) out, (char *) &in, 8);
 }
 
 void
 __ieee_to_host_64 (decimal64 in, _Decimal64 *out)
 {
-  __swap64 ((char *) &in, (char *) out);
+  memcpy ((char *) out, (char *) &in, 8);
 }

--- /dev/null
+++ b/libdecnumber/decBasic.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3769 @@
+/* Common base code for the decNumber C Library.
+   Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Contributed by IBM Corporation.  Author Mike Cowlishaw.
+
+   This file is part of GCC.
+
+   GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+   the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+   Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
+   version.
+
+   In addition to the permissions in the GNU General Public License,
+   the Free Software Foundation gives you unlimited permission to link
+   the compiled version of this file into combinations with other
+   programs, and to distribute those combinations without any
+   restriction coming from the use of this file.  (The General Public
+   License restrictions do apply in other respects; for example, they
+   cover modification of the file, and distribution when not linked
+   into a combine executable.)
+
+   GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+   WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+   for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with GCC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
+   Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+   02110-1301, USA.  */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decBasic.c -- common base code for Basic decimal types	      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* This module comprises code that is shared between decDouble and    */
+/* decQuad (but not decSingle).	 The main arithmetic operations are   */
+/* here (Add, Subtract, Multiply, FMA, and Division operators).	      */
+/*								      */
+/* Unlike decNumber, parameterization takes place at compile time     */
+/* rather than at runtime.  The parameters are set in the decDouble.c */
+/* (etc.) files, which then include this one to produce the compiled  */
+/* code.  The functions here, therefore, are code shared between      */
+/* multiple formats.						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This must be included after decCommon.c.			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Names here refer to decFloat rather than to decDouble, etc., and */
+/* the functions are in strict alphabetical order. */
+
+/* The compile-time flags SINGLE, DOUBLE, and QUAD are set up in */
+/* decCommon.c */
+#if !defined(QUAD)
+  #error decBasic.c must be included after decCommon.c
+#endif
+#if SINGLE
+  #error Routines in decBasic.c are for decDouble and decQuad only
+#endif
+
+/* Private constants */
+#define DIVIDE	    0x80000000	   /* Divide operations [as flags] */
+#define REMAINDER   0x40000000	   /* .. */
+#define DIVIDEINT   0x20000000	   /* .. */
+#define REMNEAR	    0x10000000	   /* .. */
+
+/* Private functions (local, used only by routines in this module) */
+static decFloat *decDivide(decFloat *, const decFloat *,
+			      const decFloat *, decContext *, uInt);
+static decFloat *decCanonical(decFloat *, const decFloat *);
+static void	 decFiniteMultiply(bcdnum *, uByte *, const decFloat *,
+			      const decFloat *);
+static decFloat *decInfinity(decFloat *, const decFloat *);
+static decFloat *decInvalid(decFloat *, decContext *);
+static decFloat *decNaNs(decFloat *, const decFloat *, const decFloat *,
+			      decContext *);
+static Int	 decNumCompare(const decFloat *, const decFloat *, Flag);
+static decFloat *decToIntegral(decFloat *, const decFloat *, decContext *,
+			      enum rounding, Flag);
+static uInt	 decToInt32(const decFloat *, decContext *, enum rounding,
+			      Flag, Flag);
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decCanonical -- copy a decFloat, making canonical		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the canonicalized df				      */
+/*   df	    is the decFloat to copy and make canonical		      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This is exposed via decFloatCanonical for Double and Quad only.    */
+/* This works on specials, too; no error or exception is possible.    */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+static decFloat * decCanonical(decFloat *result, const decFloat *df) {
+  uInt encode, precode, dpd;	   /* work */
+  uInt inword, uoff, canon;	   /* .. */
+  Int  n;			   /* counter (down) */
+  if (df!=result) *result=*df;	   /* effect copy if needed */
+  if (DFISSPECIAL(result)) {
+    if (DFISINF(result)) return decInfinity(result, df); /* clean Infinity */
+    /* is a NaN */
+    DFWORD(result, 0)&=~ECONNANMASK;	/* clear ECON except selector */
+    if (DFISCCZERO(df)) return result;	/* coefficient continuation is 0 */
+    /* drop through to check payload */
+    }
+  /* return quickly if the coefficient continuation is canonical */
+  { /* declare block */
+  #if DOUBLE
+    uInt sourhi=DFWORD(df, 0);
+    uInt sourlo=DFWORD(df, 1);
+    if (CANONDPDOFF(sourhi, 8)
+     && CANONDPDTWO(sourhi, sourlo, 30)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourlo, 20)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourlo, 10)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourlo, 0)) return result;
+  #elif QUAD
+    uInt sourhi=DFWORD(df, 0);
+    uInt sourmh=DFWORD(df, 1);
+    uInt sourml=DFWORD(df, 2);
+    uInt sourlo=DFWORD(df, 3);
+    if (CANONDPDOFF(sourhi, 4)
+     && CANONDPDTWO(sourhi, sourmh, 26)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourmh, 16)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourmh, 6)
+     && CANONDPDTWO(sourmh, sourml, 28)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourml, 18)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourml, 8)
+     && CANONDPDTWO(sourml, sourlo, 30)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourlo, 20)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourlo, 10)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourlo, 0)) return result;
+  #endif
+  } /* block */
+
+  /* Loop to repair a non-canonical coefficent, as needed */
+  inword=DECWORDS-1;		   /* current input word */
+  uoff=0;			   /* bit offset of declet */
+  encode=DFWORD(result, inword);
+  for (n=DECLETS-1; n>=0; n--) {   /* count down declets of 10 bits */
+    dpd=encode>>uoff;
+    uoff+=10;
+    if (uoff>32) {		   /* crossed uInt boundary */
+      inword--;
+      encode=DFWORD(result, inword);
+      uoff-=32;
+      dpd|=encode<<(10-uoff);	   /* get pending bits */
+      }
+    dpd&=0x3ff;			   /* clear uninteresting bits */
+    if (dpd<0x16e) continue;	   /* must be canonical */
+    canon=BIN2DPD[DPD2BIN[dpd]];   /* determine canonical declet */
+    if (canon==dpd) continue;	   /* have canonical declet */
+    /* need to replace declet */
+    if (uoff>=10) {		   /* all within current word */
+      encode&=~(0x3ff<<(uoff-10)); /* clear the 10 bits ready for replace */
+      encode|=canon<<(uoff-10);	   /* insert the canonical form */
+      DFWORD(result, inword)=encode;	/* .. and save */
+      continue;
+      }
+    /* straddled words */
+    precode=DFWORD(result, inword+1);	/* get previous */
+    precode&=0xffffffff>>(10-uoff);	/* clear top bits */
+    DFWORD(result, inword+1)=precode|(canon<<(32-(10-uoff)));
+    encode&=0xffffffff<<uoff;		/* clear bottom bits */
+    encode|=canon>>(10-uoff);		/* insert canonical */
+    DFWORD(result, inword)=encode;	/* .. and save */
+    } /* n */
+  return result;
+  } /* decCanonical */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decDivide -- divide operations				      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of dividing dfl by dfr:		      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   op	    is the operation selector				      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* op is one of DIVIDE, REMAINDER, DIVIDEINT, or REMNEAR.	      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+#define DIVCOUNT  0		   /* 1 to instrument subtractions counter */
+#define DIVBASE	  BILLION	   /* the base used for divide */
+#define DIVOPLEN  DECPMAX9	   /* operand length ('digits' base 10**9) */
+#define DIVACCLEN (DIVOPLEN*3)	   /* accumulator length (ditto) */
+static decFloat * decDivide(decFloat *result, const decFloat *dfl,
+			    const decFloat *dfr, decContext *set, uInt op) {
+  decFloat quotient;		   /* for remainders */
+  bcdnum num;			   /* for final conversion */
+  uInt	 acc[DIVACCLEN];	   /* coefficent in base-billion .. */
+  uInt	 div[DIVOPLEN];		   /* divisor in base-billion .. */
+  uInt	 quo[DIVOPLEN+1];	   /* quotient in base-billion .. */
+  uByte	 bcdacc[(DIVOPLEN+1)*9+2]; /* for quotient in BCD, +1, +1 */
+  uInt	 *msua, *msud, *msuq;	   /* -> msu of acc, div, and quo */
+  Int	 divunits, accunits;	   /* lengths */
+  Int	 quodigits;		   /* digits in quotient */
+  uInt	 *lsua, *lsuq;		   /* -> current acc and quo lsus */
+  Int	 length, multiplier;	   /* work */
+  uInt	 carry, sign;		   /* .. */
+  uInt	 *ua, *ud, *uq;		   /* .. */
+  uByte	 *ub;			   /* .. */
+  uInt	 divtop;		   /* top unit of div adjusted for estimating */
+  #if DIVCOUNT
+  static uInt maxcount=0;	   /* worst-seen subtractions count */
+  uInt	 divcount=0;		   /* subtractions count [this divide] */
+  #endif
+
+  /* calculate sign */
+  num.sign=(DFWORD(dfl, 0)^DFWORD(dfr, 0)) & DECFLOAT_Sign;
+
+  if (DFISSPECIAL(dfl) || DFISSPECIAL(dfr)) { /* either is special? */
+    /* NaNs are handled as usual */
+    if (DFISNAN(dfl) || DFISNAN(dfr)) return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+    /* one or two infinities */
+    if (DFISINF(dfl)) {
+      if (DFISINF(dfr)) return decInvalid(result, set); /* Two infinities bad */
+      if (op&(REMAINDER|REMNEAR)) return decInvalid(result, set); /* as is rem */
+      /* Infinity/x is infinite and quiet, even if x=0 */
+      DFWORD(result, 0)=num.sign;
+      return decInfinity(result, result);
+      }
+    /* must be x/Infinity -- remainders are lhs */
+    if (op&(REMAINDER|REMNEAR)) return decCanonical(result, dfl);
+    /* divides: return zero with correct sign and exponent depending */
+    /* on op (Etiny for divide, 0 for divideInt) */
+    decFloatZero(result);
+    if (op==DIVIDEINT) DFWORD(result, 0)|=num.sign; /* add sign */
+     else DFWORD(result, 0)=num.sign;	     /* zeros the exponent, too */
+    return result;
+    }
+  /* next, handle zero operands (x/0 and 0/x) */
+  if (DFISZERO(dfr)) {			     /* x/0 */
+    if (DFISZERO(dfl)) {		     /* 0/0 is undefined */
+      decFloatZero(result);
+      DFWORD(result, 0)=DECFLOAT_qNaN;
+      set->status|=DEC_Division_undefined;
+      return result;
+      }
+    if (op&(REMAINDER|REMNEAR)) return decInvalid(result, set); /* bad rem */
+    set->status|=DEC_Division_by_zero;
+    DFWORD(result, 0)=num.sign;
+    return decInfinity(result, result);	     /* x/0 -> signed Infinity */
+    }
+  num.exponent=GETEXPUN(dfl)-GETEXPUN(dfr);  /* ideal exponent */
+  if (DFISZERO(dfl)) {			     /* 0/x (x!=0) */
+    /* if divide, result is 0 with ideal exponent; divideInt has */
+    /* exponent=0, remainders give zero with lower exponent */
+    if (op&DIVIDEINT) {
+      decFloatZero(result);
+      DFWORD(result, 0)|=num.sign;	     /* add sign */
+      return result;
+      }
+    if (!(op&DIVIDE)) {			     /* a remainder */
+      /* exponent is the minimum of the operands */
+      num.exponent=MINI(GETEXPUN(dfl), GETEXPUN(dfr));
+      /* if the result is zero the sign shall be sign of dfl */
+      num.sign=DFWORD(dfl, 0)&DECFLOAT_Sign;
+      }
+    bcdacc[0]=0;
+    num.msd=bcdacc;			     /* -> 0 */
+    num.lsd=bcdacc;			     /* .. */
+    return decFinalize(result, &num, set);   /* [divide may clamp exponent] */
+    } /* 0/x */
+  /* [here, both operands are known to be finite and non-zero] */
+
+  /* extract the operand coefficents into 'units' which are */
+  /* base-billion; the lhs is high-aligned in acc and the msu of both */
+  /* acc and div is at the right-hand end of array (offset length-1); */
+  /* the quotient can need one more unit than the operands as digits */
+  /* in it are not necessarily aligned neatly; further, the quotient */
+  /* may not start accumulating until after the end of the initial */
+  /* operand in acc if that is small (e.g., 1) so the accumulator */
+  /* must have at least that number of units extra (at the ls end) */
+  GETCOEFFBILL(dfl, acc+DIVACCLEN-DIVOPLEN);
+  GETCOEFFBILL(dfr, div);
+  /* zero the low uInts of acc */
+  acc[0]=0;
+  acc[1]=0;
+  acc[2]=0;
+  acc[3]=0;
+  #if DOUBLE
+    #if DIVOPLEN!=2
+      #error Unexpected Double DIVOPLEN
+    #endif
+  #elif QUAD
+  acc[4]=0;
+  acc[5]=0;
+  acc[6]=0;
+  acc[7]=0;
+    #if DIVOPLEN!=4
+      #error Unexpected Quad DIVOPLEN
+    #endif
+  #endif
+
+  /* set msu and lsu pointers */
+  msua=acc+DIVACCLEN-1;	      /* [leading zeros removed below] */
+  msuq=quo+DIVOPLEN;
+  /*[loop for div will terminate because operands are non-zero] */
+  for (msud=div+DIVOPLEN-1; *msud==0;) msud--;
+  /* the initial least-significant unit of acc is set so acc appears */
+  /* to have the same length as div. */
+  /* This moves one position towards the least possible for each */
+  /* iteration */
+  divunits=(Int)(msud-div+1); /* precalculate */
+  lsua=msua-divunits+1;	      /* initial working lsu of acc */
+  lsuq=msuq;		      /* and of quo */
+
+  /* set up the estimator for the multiplier; this is the msu of div, */
+  /* plus two bits from the unit below (if any) rounded up by one if */
+  /* there are any non-zero bits or units below that [the extra two */
+  /* bits makes for a much better estimate when the top unit is small] */
+  divtop=*msud<<2;
+  if (divunits>1) {
+    uInt *um=msud-1;
+    uInt d=*um;
+    if (d>=750000000) {divtop+=3; d-=750000000;}
+     else if (d>=500000000) {divtop+=2; d-=500000000;}
+     else if (d>=250000000) {divtop++; d-=250000000;}
+    if (d) divtop++;
+     else for (um--; um>=div; um--) if (*um) {
+      divtop++;
+      break;
+      }
+    } /* >1 unit */
+
+  #if DECTRACE
+  {Int i;
+  printf("----- div=");
+  for (i=divunits-1; i>=0; i--) printf("%09ld ", (LI)div[i]);
+  printf("\n");}
+  #endif
+
+  /* now collect up to DECPMAX+1 digits in the quotient (this may */
+  /* need OPLEN+1 uInts if unaligned) */
+  quodigits=0;		      /* no digits yet */
+  for (;; lsua--) {	      /* outer loop -- each input position */
+    #if DECCHECK
+    if (lsua<acc) {
+      printf("Acc underrun...\n");
+      break;
+      }
+    #endif
+    #if DECTRACE
+    printf("Outer: quodigits=%ld acc=", (LI)quodigits);
+    for (ua=msua; ua>=lsua; ua--) printf("%09ld ", (LI)*ua);
+    printf("\n");
+    #endif
+    *lsuq=0;		      /* default unit result is 0 */
+    for (;;) {		      /* inner loop -- calculate quotient unit */
+      /* strip leading zero units from acc (either there initially or */
+      /* from subtraction below); this may strip all if exactly 0 */
+      for (; *msua==0 && msua>=lsua;) msua--;
+      accunits=(Int)(msua-lsua+1);		  /* [maybe 0] */
+      /* subtraction is only necessary and possible if there are as */
+      /* least as many units remaining in acc for this iteration as */
+      /* there are in div */
+      if (accunits<divunits) {
+	if (accunits==0) msua++;		  /* restore */
+	break;
+	}
+
+      /* If acc is longer than div then subtraction is definitely */
+      /* possible (as msu of both is non-zero), but if they are the */
+      /* same length a comparison is needed. */
+      /* If a subtraction is needed then a good estimate of the */
+      /* multiplier for the subtraction is also needed in order to */
+      /* minimise the iterations of this inner loop because the */
+      /* subtractions needed dominate division performance. */
+      if (accunits==divunits) {
+	/* compare the high divunits of acc and div: */
+	/* acc<div:  this quotient unit is unchanged; subtraction */
+	/*	     will be possible on the next iteration */
+	/* acc==div: quotient gains 1, set acc=0 */
+	/* acc>div:  subtraction necessary at this position */
+	for (ud=msud, ua=msua; ud>div; ud--, ua--) if (*ud!=*ua) break;
+	/* [now at first mismatch or lsu] */
+	if (*ud>*ua) break;			  /* next time... */
+	if (*ud==*ua) {				  /* all compared equal */
+	  *lsuq+=1;				  /* increment result */
+	  msua=lsua;				  /* collapse acc units */
+	  *msua=0;				  /* .. to a zero */
+	  break;
+	  }
+
+	/* subtraction necessary; estimate multiplier [see above] */
+	/* if both *msud and *msua are small it is cost-effective to */
+	/* bring in part of the following units (if any) to get a */
+	/* better estimate (assume some other non-zero in div) */
+	#define DIVLO 1000000U
+	#define DIVHI (DIVBASE/DIVLO)
+	#if DECUSE64
+	  if (divunits>1) {
+	    /* there cannot be a *(msud-2) for DECDOUBLE so next is */
+	    /* an exact calculation unless DECQUAD (which needs to */
+	    /* assume bits out there if divunits>2) */
+	    uLong mul=(uLong)*msua * DIVBASE + *(msua-1);
+	    uLong div=(uLong)*msud * DIVBASE + *(msud-1);
+	    #if QUAD
+	    if (divunits>2) div++;
+	    #endif
+	    mul/=div;
+	    multiplier=(Int)mul;
+	    }
+	   else multiplier=*msua/(*msud);
+	#else
+	  if (divunits>1 && *msua<DIVLO && *msud<DIVLO) {
+	    multiplier=(*msua*DIVHI + *(msua-1)/DIVLO)
+		      /(*msud*DIVHI + *(msud-1)/DIVLO +1);
+	    }
+	   else multiplier=(*msua<<2)/divtop;
+	#endif
+	}
+       else {					  /* accunits>divunits */
+	/* msud is one unit 'lower' than msua, so estimate differently */
+	#if DECUSE64
+	  uLong mul;
+	  /* as before, bring in extra digits if possible */
+	  if (divunits>1 && *msua<DIVLO && *msud<DIVLO) {
+	    mul=((uLong)*msua * DIVHI * DIVBASE) + *(msua-1) * DIVHI
+	       + *(msua-2)/DIVLO;
+	    mul/=(*msud*DIVHI + *(msud-1)/DIVLO +1);
+	    }
+	   else if (divunits==1) {
+	    mul=(uLong)*msua * DIVBASE + *(msua-1);
+	    mul/=*msud;	      /* no more to the right */
+	    }
+	   else {
+	    mul=(uLong)(*msua) * (uInt)(DIVBASE<<2) + (*(msua-1)<<2);
+	    mul/=divtop;      /* [divtop already allows for sticky bits] */
+	    }
+	  multiplier=(Int)mul;
+	#else
+	  multiplier=*msua * ((DIVBASE<<2)/divtop);
+	#endif
+	}
+      if (multiplier==0) multiplier=1;		  /* marginal case */
+      *lsuq+=multiplier;
+
+      #if DIVCOUNT
+      /* printf("Multiplier: %ld\n", (LI)multiplier); */
+      divcount++;
+      #endif
+
+      /* Carry out the subtraction  acc-(div*multiplier); for each */
+      /* unit in div, do the multiply, split to units (see */
+      /* decFloatMultiply for the algorithm), and subtract from acc */
+      #define DIVMAGIC	2305843009U		  /* 2**61/10**9 */
+      #define DIVSHIFTA 29
+      #define DIVSHIFTB 32
+      carry=0;
+      for (ud=div, ua=lsua; ud<=msud; ud++, ua++) {
+	uInt lo, hop;
+	#if DECUSE64
+	  uLong sub=(uLong)multiplier*(*ud)+carry;
+	  if (sub<DIVBASE) {
+	    carry=0;
+	    lo=(uInt)sub;
+	    }
+	   else {
+	    hop=(uInt)(sub>>DIVSHIFTA);
+	    carry=(uInt)(((uLong)hop*DIVMAGIC)>>DIVSHIFTB);
+	    /* the estimate is now in hi; now calculate sub-hi*10**9 */
+	    /* to get the remainder (which will be <DIVBASE)) */
+	    lo=(uInt)sub;
+	    lo-=carry*DIVBASE;			  /* low word of result */
+	    if (lo>=DIVBASE) {
+	      lo-=DIVBASE;			  /* correct by +1 */
+	      carry++;
+	      }
+	    }
+	#else /* 32-bit */
+	  uInt hi;
+	  /* calculate multiplier*(*ud) into hi and lo */
+	  LONGMUL32HI(hi, *ud, multiplier);	  /* get the high word */
+	  lo=multiplier*(*ud);			  /* .. and the low */
+	  lo+=carry;				  /* add the old hi */
+	  carry=hi+(lo<carry);			  /* .. with any carry */
+	  if (carry || lo>=DIVBASE) {		  /* split is needed */
+	    hop=(carry<<3)+(lo>>DIVSHIFTA);	  /* hi:lo/2**29 */
+	    LONGMUL32HI(carry, hop, DIVMAGIC);	  /* only need the high word */
+	    /* [DIVSHIFTB is 32, so carry can be used directly] */
+	    /* the estimate is now in carry; now calculate hi:lo-est*10**9; */
+	    /* happily the top word of the result is irrelevant because it */
+	    /* will always be zero so this needs only one multiplication */
+	    lo-=(carry*DIVBASE);
+	    /* the correction here will be at most +1; do it */
+	    if (lo>=DIVBASE) {
+	      lo-=DIVBASE;
+	      carry++;
+	      }
+	    }
+	#endif
+	if (lo>*ua) {		   /* borrow needed */
+	  *ua+=DIVBASE;
+	  carry++;
+	  }
+	*ua-=lo;
+	} /* ud loop */
+      if (carry) *ua-=carry;	   /* accdigits>divdigits [cannot borrow] */
+      } /* inner loop */
+
+    /* the outer loop terminates when there is either an exact result */
+    /* or enough digits; first update the quotient digit count and */
+    /* pointer (if any significant digits) */
+    #if DECTRACE
+    if (*lsuq || quodigits) printf("*lsuq=%09ld\n", (LI)*lsuq);
+    #endif
+    if (quodigits) {
+      quodigits+=9;		   /* had leading unit earlier */
+      lsuq--;
+      if (quodigits>DECPMAX+1) break;	/* have enough */
+      }
+     else if (*lsuq) {		   /* first quotient digits */
+      const uInt *pow;
+      for (pow=DECPOWERS; *lsuq>=*pow; pow++) quodigits++;
+      lsuq--;
+      /* [cannot have >DECPMAX+1 on first unit] */
+      }
+
+    if (*msua!=0) continue;	   /* not an exact result */
+    /* acc is zero iff used all of original units and zero down to lsua */
+    /* (must also continue to original lsu for correct quotient length) */
+    if (lsua>acc+DIVACCLEN-DIVOPLEN) continue;
+    for (; msua>lsua && *msua==0;) msua--;
+    if (*msua==0 && msua==lsua) break;
+    } /* outer loop */
+
+  /* all of the original operand in acc has been covered at this point */
+  /* quotient now has at least DECPMAX+2 digits */
+  /* *msua is now non-0 if inexact and sticky bits */
+  /* lsuq is one below the last uint of the quotient */
+  lsuq++;			   /* set -> true lsu of quo */
+  if (*msua) *lsuq|=1;		   /* apply sticky bit */
+
+  /* quo now holds the (unrounded) quotient in base-billion; one */
+  /* base-billion 'digit' per uInt. */
+  #if DECTRACE
+  printf("DivQuo:");
+  for (uq=msuq; uq>=lsuq; uq--) printf(" %09ld", (LI)*uq);
+  printf("\n");
+  #endif
+
+  /* Now convert to BCD for rounding and cleanup, starting from the */
+  /* most significant end [offset by one into bcdacc to leave room */
+  /* for a possible carry digit if rounding for REMNEAR is needed] */
+  for (uq=msuq, ub=bcdacc+1; uq>=lsuq; uq--, ub+=9) {
+    uInt top, mid, rem;			/* work */
+    if (*uq==0) {			/* no split needed */
+      UINTAT(ub)=0;			/* clear 9 BCD8s */
+      UINTAT(ub+4)=0;			/* .. */
+      *(ub+8)=0;			/* .. */
+      continue;
+      }
+    /* *uq is non-zero -- split the base-billion digit into */
+    /* hi, mid, and low three-digits */
+    #define divsplit9 1000000		/* divisor */
+    #define divsplit6 1000		/* divisor */
+    /* The splitting is done by simple divides and remainders, */
+    /* assuming the compiler will optimize these [GCC does] */
+    top=*uq/divsplit9;
+    rem=*uq%divsplit9;
+    mid=rem/divsplit6;
+    rem=rem%divsplit6;
+    /* lay out the nine BCD digits (plus one unwanted byte) */
+    UINTAT(ub)	=UINTAT(&BIN2BCD8[top*4]);
+    UINTAT(ub+3)=UINTAT(&BIN2BCD8[mid*4]);
+    UINTAT(ub+6)=UINTAT(&BIN2BCD8[rem*4]);
+    } /* BCD conversion loop */
+  ub--;					/* -> lsu */
+
+  /* complete the bcdnum; quodigits is correct, so the position of */
+  /* the first non-zero is known */
+  num.msd=bcdacc+1+(msuq-lsuq+1)*9-quodigits;
+  num.lsd=ub;
+
+  /* make exponent adjustments, etc */
+  if (lsua<acc+DIVACCLEN-DIVOPLEN) {	/* used extra digits */
+    num.exponent-=(Int)((acc+DIVACCLEN-DIVOPLEN-lsua)*9);
+    /* if the result was exact then there may be up to 8 extra */
+    /* trailing zeros in the overflowed quotient final unit */
+    if (*msua==0) {
+      for (; *ub==0;) ub--;		/* drop zeros */
+      num.exponent+=(Int)(num.lsd-ub);	/* and adjust exponent */
+      num.lsd=ub;
+      }
+    } /* adjustment needed */
+
+  #if DIVCOUNT
+  if (divcount>maxcount) {		/* new high-water nark */
+    maxcount=divcount;
+    printf("DivNewMaxCount: %ld\n", (LI)maxcount);
+    }
+  #endif
+
+  if (op&DIVIDE) return decFinalize(result, &num, set); /* all done */
+
+  /* Is DIVIDEINT or a remainder; there is more to do -- first form */
+  /* the integer (this is done 'after the fact', unlike as in */
+  /* decNumber, so as not to tax DIVIDE) */
+
+  /* The first non-zero digit will be in the first 9 digits, known */
+  /* from quodigits and num.msd, so there is always space for DECPMAX */
+  /* digits */
+
+  length=(Int)(num.lsd-num.msd+1);
+  /*printf("Length exp: %ld %ld\n", (LI)length, (LI)num.exponent); */
+
+  if (length+num.exponent>DECPMAX) { /* cannot fit */
+    decFloatZero(result);
+    DFWORD(result, 0)=DECFLOAT_qNaN;
+    set->status|=DEC_Division_impossible;
+    return result;
+    }
+
+  if (num.exponent>=0) {	   /* already an int, or need pad zeros */
+    for (ub=num.lsd+1; ub<=num.lsd+num.exponent; ub++) *ub=0;
+    num.lsd+=num.exponent;
+    }
+   else {			   /* too long: round or truncate needed */
+    Int drop=-num.exponent;
+    if (!(op&REMNEAR)) {	   /* simple truncate */
+      num.lsd-=drop;
+      if (num.lsd<num.msd) {	   /* truncated all */
+	num.lsd=num.msd;	   /* make 0 */
+	*num.lsd=0;		   /* .. [sign still relevant] */
+	}
+      }
+     else {			   /* round to nearest even [sigh] */
+      /* round-to-nearest, in-place; msd is at or to right of bcdacc+1 */
+      /* (this is a special case of Quantize -- q.v. for commentary) */
+      uByte *roundat;		   /* -> re-round digit */
+      uByte reround;		   /* reround value */
+      *(num.msd-1)=0;		   /* in case of left carry, or make 0 */
+      if (drop<length) roundat=num.lsd-drop+1;
+       else if (drop==length) roundat=num.msd;
+       else roundat=num.msd-1;	   /* [-> 0] */
+      reround=*roundat;
+      for (ub=roundat+1; ub<=num.lsd; ub++) {
+	if (*ub!=0) {
+	  reround=DECSTICKYTAB[reround];
+	  break;
+	  }
+	} /* check stickies */
+      if (roundat>num.msd) num.lsd=roundat-1;
+       else {
+	num.msd--;			     /* use the 0 .. */
+	num.lsd=num.msd;		     /* .. at the new MSD place */
+	}
+      if (reround!=0) {			     /* discarding non-zero */
+	uInt bump=0;
+	/* rounding is DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN always */
+	if (reround>5) bump=1;		     /* >0.5 goes up */
+	 else if (reround==5)		     /* exactly 0.5000 .. */
+	  bump=*(num.lsd) & 0x01;	     /* .. up iff [new] lsd is odd */
+	if (bump!=0) {			     /* need increment */
+	  /* increment the coefficient; this might end up with 1000... */
+	  ub=num.lsd;
+	  for (; UINTAT(ub-3)==0x09090909; ub-=4) UINTAT(ub-3)=0;
+	  for (; *ub==9; ub--) *ub=0;	     /* at most 3 more */
+	  *ub+=1;
+	  if (ub<num.msd) num.msd--;	     /* carried */
+	  } /* bump needed */
+	} /* reround!=0 */
+      } /* remnear */
+    } /* round or truncate needed */
+  num.exponent=0;			     /* all paths */
+  /*decShowNum(&num, "int"); */
+
+  if (op&DIVIDEINT) return decFinalize(result, &num, set); /* all done */
+
+  /* Have a remainder to calculate */
+  decFinalize(&quotient, &num, set);	     /* lay out the integer so far */
+  DFWORD(&quotient, 0)^=DECFLOAT_Sign;	     /* negate it */
+  sign=DFWORD(dfl, 0);			     /* save sign of dfl */
+  decFloatFMA(result, &quotient, dfr, dfl, set);
+  if (!DFISZERO(result)) return result;
+  /* if the result is zero the sign shall be sign of dfl */
+  DFWORD(&quotient, 0)=sign;		     /* construct decFloat of sign */
+  return decFloatCopySign(result, result, &quotient);
+  } /* decDivide */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFiniteMultiply -- multiply two finite decFloats		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   num    gets the result of multiplying dfl and dfr		      */
+/*   bcdacc .. with the coefficient in this array		      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*								      */
+/* This effects the multiplication of two decFloats, both known to be */
+/* finite, leaving the result in a bcdnum ready for decFinalize (for  */
+/* use in Multiply) or in a following addition (FMA).		      */
+/*								      */
+/* bcdacc must have space for at least DECPMAX9*18+1 bytes.	      */
+/* No error is possible and no status is set.			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* This routine has two separate implementations of the core */
+/* multiplication; both using base-billion.  One uses only 32-bit */
+/* variables (Ints and uInts) or smaller; the other uses uLongs (for */
+/* multiplication and addition only).  Both implementations cover */
+/* both arithmetic sizes (DOUBLE and QUAD) in order to allow timing */
+/* comparisons.	 In any one compilation only one implementation for */
+/* each size can be used, and if DECUSE64 is 0 then use of the 32-bit */
+/* version is forced. */
+/* */
+/* Historical note: an earlier version of this code also supported the */
+/* 256-bit format and has been preserved.  That is somewhat trickier */
+/* during lazy carry splitting because the initial quotient estimate */
+/* (est) can exceed 32 bits. */
+
+#define MULTBASE  BILLION	   /* the base used for multiply */
+#define MULOPLEN  DECPMAX9	   /* operand length ('digits' base 10**9) */
+#define MULACCLEN (MULOPLEN*2)		    /* accumulator length (ditto) */
+#define LEADZEROS (MULACCLEN*9 - DECPMAX*2) /* leading zeros always */
+
+/* Assertions: exponent not too large and MULACCLEN is a multiple of 4 */
+#if DECEMAXD>9
+  #error Exponent may overflow when doubled for Multiply
+#endif
+#if MULACCLEN!=(MULACCLEN/4)*4
+  /* This assumption is used below only for initialization */
+  #error MULACCLEN is not a multiple of 4
+#endif
+
+static void decFiniteMultiply(bcdnum *num, uByte *bcdacc,
+			      const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr) {
+  uInt	 bufl[MULOPLEN];	   /* left  coefficient (base-billion) */
+  uInt	 bufr[MULOPLEN];	   /* right coefficient (base-billion) */
+  uInt	 *ui, *uj;		   /* work */
+  uByte	 *ub;			   /* .. */
+
+  #if DECUSE64
+  uLong	 accl[MULACCLEN];	   /* lazy accumulator (base-billion+) */
+  uLong	 *pl;			   /* work -> lazy accumulator */
+  uInt	 acc[MULACCLEN];	   /* coefficent in base-billion .. */
+  #else
+  uInt	 acc[MULACCLEN*2];	   /* accumulator in base-billion .. */
+  #endif
+  uInt	 *pa;			   /* work -> accumulator */
+  /*printf("Base10**9: OpLen=%d MulAcclen=%d\n", OPLEN, MULACCLEN); */
+
+  /* Calculate sign and exponent */
+  num->sign=(DFWORD(dfl, 0)^DFWORD(dfr, 0)) & DECFLOAT_Sign;
+  num->exponent=GETEXPUN(dfl)+GETEXPUN(dfr); /* [see assertion above] */
+
+  /* Extract the coefficients and prepare the accumulator */
+  /* the coefficients of the operands are decoded into base-billion */
+  /* numbers in uInt arrays (bufl and bufr, LSD at offset 0) of the */
+  /* appropriate size. */
+  GETCOEFFBILL(dfl, bufl);
+  GETCOEFFBILL(dfr, bufr);
+  #if DECTRACE && 0
+    printf("CoeffbL:");
+    for (ui=bufl+MULOPLEN-1; ui>=bufl; ui--) printf(" %08lx", (LI)*ui);
+    printf("\n");
+    printf("CoeffbR:");
+    for (uj=bufr+MULOPLEN-1; uj>=bufr; uj--) printf(" %08lx", (LI)*uj);
+    printf("\n");
+  #endif
+
+  /* start the 64-bit/32-bit differing paths... */
+#if DECUSE64
+
+  /* zero the accumulator */
+  #if MULACCLEN==4
+    accl[0]=0; accl[1]=0; accl[2]=0; accl[3]=0;
+  #else					     /* use a loop */
+    /* MULACCLEN is a multiple of four, asserted above */
+    for (pl=accl; pl<accl+MULACCLEN; pl+=4) {
+      *pl=0; *(pl+1)=0; *(pl+2)=0; *(pl+3)=0;/* [reduce overhead] */
+      } /* pl */
+  #endif
+
+  /* Effect the multiplication */
+  /* The multiplcation proceeds using MFC's lazy-carry resolution */
+  /* algorithm from decNumber.	First, the multiplication is */
+  /* effected, allowing accumulation of the partial products (which */
+  /* are in base-billion at each column position) into 64 bits */
+  /* without resolving back to base=billion after each addition. */
+  /* These 64-bit numbers (which may contain up to 19 decimal digits) */
+  /* are then split using the Clark & Cowlishaw algorithm (see below). */
+  /* [Testing for 0 in the inner loop is not really a 'win'] */
+  for (ui=bufr; ui<bufr+MULOPLEN; ui++) { /* over each item in rhs */
+    if (*ui==0) continue;		  /* product cannot affect result */
+    pl=accl+(ui-bufr);			  /* where to add the lhs */
+    for (uj=bufl; uj<bufl+MULOPLEN; uj++, pl++) { /* over each item in lhs */
+      /* if (*uj==0) continue;		  // product cannot affect result */
+      *pl+=((uLong)*ui)*(*uj);
+      } /* uj */
+    } /* ui */
+
+  /* The 64-bit carries must now be resolved; this means that a */
+  /* quotient/remainder has to be calculated for base-billion (1E+9). */
+  /* For this, Clark & Cowlishaw's quotient estimation approach (also */
+  /* used in decNumber) is needed, because 64-bit divide is generally */
+  /* extremely slow on 32-bit machines, and may be slower than this */
+  /* approach even on 64-bit machines.	This algorithm splits X */
+  /* using: */
+  /* */
+  /*   magic=2**(A+B)/1E+9;   // 'magic number' */
+  /*   hop=X/2**A;	      // high order part of X (by shift) */
+  /*   est=magic*hop/2**B     // quotient estimate (may be low by 1) */
+  /* */
+  /* A and B are quite constrained; hop and magic must fit in 32 bits, */
+  /* and 2**(A+B) must be as large as possible (which is 2**61 if */
+  /* magic is to fit).	Further, maxX increases with the length of */
+  /* the operands (and hence the number of partial products */
+  /* accumulated); maxX is OPLEN*(10**18), which is up to 19 digits. */
+  /* */
+  /* It can be shown that when OPLEN is 2 then the maximum error in */
+  /* the estimated quotient is <1, but for larger maximum x the */
+  /* maximum error is above 1 so a correction that is >1 may be */
+  /* needed.  Values of A and B are chosen to satisfy the constraints */
+  /* just mentioned while minimizing the maximum error (and hence the */
+  /* maximum correction), as shown in the following table: */
+  /* */
+  /*   Type    OPLEN   A   B	 maxX	 maxError  maxCorrection */
+  /*   --------------------------------------------------------- */
+  /*   DOUBLE	 2    29  32  <2*10**18	   0.63	      1 */
+  /*   QUAD	 4    30  31  <4*10**18	   1.17	      2 */
+  /* */
+  /* In the OPLEN==2 case there is most choice, but the value for B */
+  /* of 32 has a big advantage as then the calculation of the */
+  /* estimate requires no shifting; the compiler can extract the high */
+  /* word directly after multiplying magic*hop. */
+  #define MULMAGIC 2305843009U		/* 2**61/10**9	[both cases] */
+  #if DOUBLE
+    #define MULSHIFTA 29
+    #define MULSHIFTB 32
+  #elif QUAD
+    #define MULSHIFTA 30
+    #define MULSHIFTB 31
+  #else
+    #error Unexpected type
+  #endif
+
+  #if DECTRACE
+  printf("MulAccl:");
+  for (pl=accl+MULACCLEN-1; pl>=accl; pl--)
+    printf(" %08lx:%08lx", (LI)(*pl>>32), (LI)(*pl&0xffffffff));
+  printf("\n");
+  #endif
+
+  for (pl=accl, pa=acc; pl<accl+MULACCLEN; pl++, pa++) { /* each column position */
+    uInt lo, hop;			/* work */
+    uInt est;				/* cannot exceed 4E+9 */
+    if (*pl>MULTBASE) {
+      /* *pl holds a binary number which needs to be split */
+      hop=(uInt)(*pl>>MULSHIFTA);
+      est=(uInt)(((uLong)hop*MULMAGIC)>>MULSHIFTB);
+      /* the estimate is now in est; now calculate hi:lo-est*10**9; */
+      /* happily the top word of the result is irrelevant because it */
+      /* will always be zero so this needs only one multiplication */
+      lo=(uInt)(*pl-((uLong)est*MULTBASE));  /* low word of result */
+      /* If QUAD, the correction here could be +2 */
+      if (lo>=MULTBASE) {
+	lo-=MULTBASE;			/* correct by +1 */
+	est++;
+	#if QUAD
+	/* may need to correct by +2 */
+	if (lo>=MULTBASE) {
+	  lo-=MULTBASE;
+	  est++;
+	  }
+	#endif
+	}
+      /* finally place lo as the new coefficient 'digit' and add est to */
+      /* the next place up [this is safe because this path is never */
+      /* taken on the final iteration as *pl will fit] */
+      *pa=lo;
+      *(pl+1)+=est;
+      } /* *pl needed split */
+     else {				/* *pl<MULTBASE */
+      *pa=(uInt)*pl;			/* just copy across */
+      }
+    } /* pl loop */
+
+#else  /* 32-bit */
+  for (pa=acc;; pa+=4) {		     /* zero the accumulator */
+    *pa=0; *(pa+1)=0; *(pa+2)=0; *(pa+3)=0;  /* [reduce overhead] */
+    if (pa==acc+MULACCLEN*2-4) break;	     /* multiple of 4 asserted */
+    } /* pa */
+
+  /* Effect the multiplication */
+  /* uLongs are not available (and in particular, there is no uLong */
+  /* divide) but it is still possible to use MFC's lazy-carry */
+  /* resolution algorithm from decNumber.  First, the multiplication */
+  /* is effected, allowing accumulation of the partial products */
+  /* (which are in base-billion at each column position) into 64 bits */
+  /* [with the high-order 32 bits in each position being held at */
+  /* offset +ACCLEN from the low-order 32 bits in the accumulator]. */
+  /* These 64-bit numbers (which may contain up to 19 decimal digits) */
+  /* are then split using the Clark & Cowlishaw algorithm (see */
+  /* below). */
+  for (ui=bufr;; ui++) {		/* over each item in rhs */
+    uInt hi, lo;			/* words of exact multiply result */
+    pa=acc+(ui-bufr);			/* where to add the lhs */
+    for (uj=bufl;; uj++, pa++) {	/* over each item in lhs */
+      LONGMUL32HI(hi, *ui, *uj);	/* calculate product of digits */
+      lo=(*ui)*(*uj);			/* .. */
+      *pa+=lo;				/* accumulate low bits and .. */
+      *(pa+MULACCLEN)+=hi+(*pa<lo);	/* .. high bits with any carry */
+      if (uj==bufl+MULOPLEN-1) break;
+      }
+    if (ui==bufr+MULOPLEN-1) break;
+    }
+
+  /* The 64-bit carries must now be resolved; this means that a */
+  /* quotient/remainder has to be calculated for base-billion (1E+9). */
+  /* For this, Clark & Cowlishaw's quotient estimation approach (also */
+  /* used in decNumber) is needed, because 64-bit divide is generally */
+  /* extremely slow on 32-bit machines.	 This algorithm splits X */
+  /* using: */
+  /* */
+  /*   magic=2**(A+B)/1E+9;   // 'magic number' */
+  /*   hop=X/2**A;	      // high order part of X (by shift) */
+  /*   est=magic*hop/2**B     // quotient estimate (may be low by 1) */
+  /* */
+  /* A and B are quite constrained; hop and magic must fit in 32 bits, */
+  /* and 2**(A+B) must be as large as possible (which is 2**61 if */
+  /* magic is to fit).	Further, maxX increases with the length of */
+  /* the operands (and hence the number of partial products */
+  /* accumulated); maxX is OPLEN*(10**18), which is up to 19 digits. */
+  /* */
+  /* It can be shown that when OPLEN is 2 then the maximum error in */
+  /* the estimated quotient is <1, but for larger maximum x the */
+  /* maximum error is above 1 so a correction that is >1 may be */
+  /* needed.  Values of A and B are chosen to satisfy the constraints */
+  /* just mentioned while minimizing the maximum error (and hence the */
+  /* maximum correction), as shown in the following table: */
+  /* */
+  /*   Type    OPLEN   A   B	 maxX	 maxError  maxCorrection */
+  /*   --------------------------------------------------------- */
+  /*   DOUBLE	 2    29  32  <2*10**18	   0.63	      1 */
+  /*   QUAD	 4    30  31  <4*10**18	   1.17	      2 */
+  /* */
+  /* In the OPLEN==2 case there is most choice, but the value for B */
+  /* of 32 has a big advantage as then the calculation of the */
+  /* estimate requires no shifting; the high word is simply */
+  /* calculated from multiplying magic*hop. */
+  #define MULMAGIC 2305843009U		/* 2**61/10**9	[both cases] */
+  #if DOUBLE
+    #define MULSHIFTA 29
+    #define MULSHIFTB 32
+  #elif QUAD
+    #define MULSHIFTA 30
+    #define MULSHIFTB 31
+  #else
+    #error Unexpected type
+  #endif
+
+  #if DECTRACE
+  printf("MulHiLo:");
+  for (pa=acc+MULACCLEN-1; pa>=acc; pa--)
+    printf(" %08lx:%08lx", (LI)*(pa+MULACCLEN), (LI)*pa);
+  printf("\n");
+  #endif
+
+  for (pa=acc;; pa++) {			/* each low uInt */
+    uInt hi, lo;			/* words of exact multiply result */
+    uInt hop, estlo;			/* work */
+    #if QUAD
+    uInt esthi;				/* .. */
+    #endif
+
+    lo=*pa;
+    hi=*(pa+MULACCLEN);			/* top 32 bits */
+    /* hi and lo now hold a binary number which needs to be split */
+
+    #if DOUBLE
+      hop=(hi<<3)+(lo>>MULSHIFTA);	/* hi:lo/2**29 */
+      LONGMUL32HI(estlo, hop, MULMAGIC);/* only need the high word */
+      /* [MULSHIFTB is 32, so estlo can be used directly] */
+      /* the estimate is now in estlo; now calculate hi:lo-est*10**9; */
+      /* happily the top word of the result is irrelevant because it */
+      /* will always be zero so this needs only one multiplication */
+      lo-=(estlo*MULTBASE);
+      /* esthi=0;			// high word is ignored below */
+      /* the correction here will be at most +1; do it */
+      if (lo>=MULTBASE) {
+	lo-=MULTBASE;
+	estlo++;
+	}
+    #elif QUAD
+      hop=(hi<<2)+(lo>>MULSHIFTA);	/* hi:lo/2**30 */
+      LONGMUL32HI(esthi, hop, MULMAGIC);/* shift will be 31 .. */
+      estlo=hop*MULMAGIC;		/* .. so low word needed */
+      estlo=(esthi<<1)+(estlo>>MULSHIFTB); /* [just the top bit] */
+      /* esthi=0;			// high word is ignored below */
+      lo-=(estlo*MULTBASE);		/* as above */
+      /* the correction here could be +1 or +2 */
+      if (lo>=MULTBASE) {
+	lo-=MULTBASE;
+	estlo++;
+	}
+      if (lo>=MULTBASE) {
+	lo-=MULTBASE;
+	estlo++;
+	}
+    #else
+      #error Unexpected type
+    #endif
+
+    /* finally place lo as the new accumulator digit and add est to */
+    /* the next place up; this latter add could cause a carry of 1 */
+    /* to the high word of the next place */
+    *pa=lo;
+    *(pa+1)+=estlo;
+    /* esthi is always 0 for DOUBLE and QUAD so this is skipped */
+    /* *(pa+1+MULACCLEN)+=esthi; */
+    if (*(pa+1)<estlo) *(pa+1+MULACCLEN)+=1; /* carry */
+    if (pa==acc+MULACCLEN-2) break;	     /* [MULACCLEN-1 will never need split] */
+    } /* pa loop */
+#endif
+
+  /* At this point, whether using the 64-bit or the 32-bit paths, the */
+  /* accumulator now holds the (unrounded) result in base-billion; */
+  /* one base-billion 'digit' per uInt. */
+  #if DECTRACE
+  printf("MultAcc:");
+  for (pa=acc+MULACCLEN-1; pa>=acc; pa--) printf(" %09ld", (LI)*pa);
+  printf("\n");
+  #endif
+
+  /* Now convert to BCD for rounding and cleanup, starting from the */
+  /* most significant end */
+  pa=acc+MULACCLEN-1;
+  if (*pa!=0) num->msd=bcdacc+LEADZEROS;/* drop known lead zeros */
+   else {				/* >=1 word of leading zeros */
+    num->msd=bcdacc;			/* known leading zeros are gone */
+    pa--;				/* skip first word .. */
+    for (; *pa==0; pa--) if (pa==acc) break; /* .. and any more leading 0s */
+    }
+  for (ub=bcdacc;; pa--, ub+=9) {
+    if (*pa!=0) {			/* split(s) needed */
+      uInt top, mid, rem;		/* work */
+      /* *pa is non-zero -- split the base-billion acc digit into */
+      /* hi, mid, and low three-digits */
+      #define mulsplit9 1000000		/* divisor */
+      #define mulsplit6 1000		/* divisor */
+      /* The splitting is done by simple divides and remainders, */
+      /* assuming the compiler will optimize these where useful */
+      /* [GCC does] */
+      top=*pa/mulsplit9;
+      rem=*pa%mulsplit9;
+      mid=rem/mulsplit6;
+      rem=rem%mulsplit6;
+      /* lay out the nine BCD digits (plus one unwanted byte) */
+      UINTAT(ub)  =UINTAT(&BIN2BCD8[top*4]);
+      UINTAT(ub+3)=UINTAT(&BIN2BCD8[mid*4]);
+      UINTAT(ub+6)=UINTAT(&BIN2BCD8[rem*4]);
+      }
+     else {				/* *pa==0 */
+      UINTAT(ub)=0;			/* clear 9 BCD8s */
+      UINTAT(ub+4)=0;			/* .. */
+      *(ub+8)=0;			/* .. */
+      }
+    if (pa==acc) break;
+    } /* BCD conversion loop */
+
+  num->lsd=ub+8;			/* complete the bcdnum .. */
+
+  #if DECTRACE
+  decShowNum(num, "postmult");
+  decFloatShow(dfl, "dfl");
+  decFloatShow(dfr, "dfr");
+  #endif
+  return;
+  } /* decFiniteMultiply */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatAbs -- absolute value, heeding NaNs, etc.		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the canonicalized df with sign 0		      */
+/*   df	    is the decFloat to abs				      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This has the same effect as decFloatPlus unless df is negative,    */
+/* in which case it has the same effect as decFloatMinus.  The	      */
+/* effect is also the same as decFloatCopyAbs except that NaNs are    */
+/* handled normally (the sign of a NaN is not affected, and an sNaN   */
+/* will signal) and the result will be canonical.		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatAbs(decFloat *result, const decFloat *df,
+		       decContext *set) {
+  if (DFISNAN(df)) return decNaNs(result, df, NULL, set);
+  decCanonical(result, df);		/* copy and check */
+  DFBYTE(result, 0)&=~0x80;		/* zero sign bit */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatAbs */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatAdd -- add two decFloats				      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of adding dfl and dfr:		      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatAdd(decFloat *result,
+		       const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+		       decContext *set) {
+  bcdnum num;			   /* for final conversion */
+  Int	 expl, expr;		   /* left and right exponents */
+  uInt	 *ui, *uj;		   /* work */
+  uByte	 *ub;			   /* .. */
+
+  uInt sourhil, sourhir;	   /* top words from source decFloats */
+				   /* [valid only until specials */
+				   /* handled or exponents decoded] */
+  uInt diffsign;		   /* non-zero if signs differ */
+  uInt carry;			   /* carry: 0 or 1 before add loop */
+  Int  overlap;			   /* coefficient overlap (if full) */
+  /* the following buffers hold coefficients with various alignments */
+  /* (see commentary and diagrams below) */
+  uByte acc[4+2+DECPMAX*3+8];
+  uByte buf[4+2+DECPMAX*2];
+  uByte *umsd, *ulsd;		   /* local MSD and LSD pointers */
+
+  #if DECLITEND
+    #define CARRYPAT 0x01000000	   /* carry=1 pattern */
+  #else
+    #define CARRYPAT 0x00000001	   /* carry=1 pattern */
+  #endif
+
+  /* Start decoding the arguments */
+  /* the initial exponents are placed into the opposite Ints to */
+  /* that which might be expected; there are two sets of data to */
+  /* keep track of (each decFloat and the corresponding exponent), */
+  /* and this scheme means that at the swap point (after comparing */
+  /* exponents) only one pair of words needs to be swapped */
+  /* whichever path is taken (thereby minimising worst-case path) */
+  sourhil=DFWORD(dfl, 0);	   /* LHS top word */
+  expr=DECCOMBEXP[sourhil>>26];	   /* get exponent high bits (in place) */
+  sourhir=DFWORD(dfr, 0);	   /* RHS top word */
+  expl=DECCOMBEXP[sourhir>>26];
+
+  diffsign=(sourhil^sourhir)&DECFLOAT_Sign;
+
+  if (EXPISSPECIAL(expl | expr)) { /* either is special? */
+    if (DFISNAN(dfl) || DFISNAN(dfr)) return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+    /* one or two infinities */
+    /* two infinities with different signs is invalid */
+    if (diffsign && DFISINF(dfl) && DFISINF(dfr))
+      return decInvalid(result, set);
+    if (DFISINF(dfl)) return decInfinity(result, dfl); /* LHS is infinite */
+    return decInfinity(result, dfr);		       /* RHS must be Infinite */
+    }
+
+  /* Here when both arguments are finite */
+
+  /* complete exponent gathering (keeping swapped) */
+  expr+=GETECON(dfl)-DECBIAS;	   /* .. + continuation and unbias */
+  expl+=GETECON(dfr)-DECBIAS;
+  /* here expr has exponent from lhs, and vice versa */
+
+  /* now swap either exponents or argument pointers */
+  if (expl<=expr) {
+    /* original left is bigger */
+    Int expswap=expl;
+    expl=expr;
+    expr=expswap;
+    /* printf("left bigger\n"); */
+    }
+   else {
+    const decFloat *dfswap=dfl;
+    dfl=dfr;
+    dfr=dfswap;
+    /* printf("right bigger\n"); */
+    }
+  /* [here dfl and expl refer to the datum with the larger exponent, */
+  /* of if the exponents are equal then the original LHS argument] */
+
+  /* if lhs is zero then result will be the rhs (now known to have */
+  /* the smaller exponent), which also may need to be tested for zero */
+  /* for the weird IEEE 754 sign rules */
+  if (DFISZERO(dfl)) {
+    decCanonical(result, dfr);		     /* clean copy */
+    /* "When the sum of two operands with opposite signs is */
+    /* exactly zero, the sign of that sum shall be '+' in all */
+    /* rounding modes except round toward -Infinity, in which */
+    /* mode that sign shall be '-'." */
+    if (diffsign && DFISZERO(result)) {
+      DFWORD(result, 0)&=~DECFLOAT_Sign;     /* assume sign 0 */
+      if (set->round==DEC_ROUND_FLOOR) DFWORD(result, 0)|=DECFLOAT_Sign;
+      }
+    return result;
+    } /* numfl is zero */
+  /* [here, LHS is non-zero; code below assumes that] */
+
+  /* Coefficients layout during the calculations to follow: */
+  /* */
+  /*	   Overlap case: */
+  /*	   +------------------------------------------------+ */
+  /* acc:  |0000|      coeffa	   | tail B |		    | */
+  /*	   +------------------------------------------------+ */
+  /* buf:  |0000| pad0s |      coeffb	    |		    | */
+  /*	   +------------------------------------------------+ */
+  /* */
+  /*	   Touching coefficients or gap: */
+  /*	   +------------------------------------------------+ */
+  /* acc:  |0000|      coeffa	   | gap |	coeffb	    | */
+  /*	   +------------------------------------------------+ */
+  /*	   [buf not used or needed; gap clamped to Pmax] */
+
+  /* lay out lhs coefficient into accumulator; this starts at acc+4 */
+  /* for decDouble or acc+6 for decQuad so the LSD is word- */
+  /* aligned; the top word gap is there only in case a carry digit */
+  /* is prefixed after the add -- it does not need to be zeroed */
+  #if DOUBLE
+    #define COFF 4			/* offset into acc */
+  #elif QUAD
+    USHORTAT(acc+4)=0;			/* prefix 00 */
+    #define COFF 6			/* offset into acc */
+  #endif
+
+  GETCOEFF(dfl, acc+COFF);		/* decode from decFloat */
+  ulsd=acc+COFF+DECPMAX-1;
+  umsd=acc+4;				/* [having this here avoids */
+					/* weird GCC optimizer failure] */
+  #if DECTRACE
+  {bcdnum tum;
+  tum.msd=umsd;
+  tum.lsd=ulsd;
+  tum.exponent=expl;
+  tum.sign=DFWORD(dfl, 0) & DECFLOAT_Sign;
+  decShowNum(&tum, "dflx");}
+  #endif
+
+  /* if signs differ, take ten's complement of lhs (here the */
+  /* coefficient is subtracted from all-nines; the 1 is added during */
+  /* the later add cycle -- zeros to the right do not matter because */
+  /* the complement of zero is zero); these are fixed-length inverts */
+  /* where the lsd is known to be at a 4-byte boundary (so no borrow */
+  /* possible) */
+  carry=0;				/* assume no carry */
+  if (diffsign) {
+    carry=CARRYPAT;			/* for +1 during add */
+    UINTAT(acc+ 4)=0x09090909-UINTAT(acc+ 4);
+    UINTAT(acc+ 8)=0x09090909-UINTAT(acc+ 8);
+    UINTAT(acc+12)=0x09090909-UINTAT(acc+12);
+    UINTAT(acc+16)=0x09090909-UINTAT(acc+16);
+    #if QUAD
+    UINTAT(acc+20)=0x09090909-UINTAT(acc+20);
+    UINTAT(acc+24)=0x09090909-UINTAT(acc+24);
+    UINTAT(acc+28)=0x09090909-UINTAT(acc+28);
+    UINTAT(acc+32)=0x09090909-UINTAT(acc+32);
+    UINTAT(acc+36)=0x09090909-UINTAT(acc+36);
+    #endif
+    } /* diffsign */
+
+  /* now process the rhs coefficient; if it cannot overlap lhs then */
+  /* it can be put straight into acc (with an appropriate gap, if */
+  /* needed) because no actual addition will be needed (except */
+  /* possibly to complete ten's complement) */
+  overlap=DECPMAX-(expl-expr);
+  #if DECTRACE
+  printf("exps: %ld %ld\n", (LI)expl, (LI)expr);
+  printf("Overlap=%ld carry=%08lx\n", (LI)overlap, (LI)carry);
+  #endif
+
+  if (overlap<=0) {			/* no overlap possible */
+    uInt gap;				/* local work */
+    /* since a full addition is not needed, a ten's complement */
+    /* calculation started above may need to be completed */
+    if (carry) {
+      for (ub=ulsd; *ub==9; ub--) *ub=0;
+      *ub+=1;
+      carry=0;				/* taken care of */
+      }
+    /* up to DECPMAX-1 digits of the final result can extend down */
+    /* below the LSD of the lhs, so if the gap is >DECPMAX then the */
+    /* rhs will be simply sticky bits.	In this case the gap is */
+    /* clamped to DECPMAX and the exponent adjusted to suit [this is */
+    /* safe because the lhs is non-zero]. */
+    gap=-overlap;
+    if (gap>DECPMAX) {
+      expr+=gap-1;
+      gap=DECPMAX;
+      }
+    ub=ulsd+gap+1;			/* where MSD will go */
+    /* Fill the gap with 0s; note that there is no addition to do */
+    ui=&UINTAT(acc+COFF+DECPMAX);	/* start of gap */
+    for (; ui<&UINTAT(ub); ui++) *ui=0; /* mind the gap */
+    if (overlap<-DECPMAX) {		/* gap was > DECPMAX */
+      *ub=(uByte)(!DFISZERO(dfr));	/* make sticky digit */
+      }
+     else {				/* need full coefficient */
+      GETCOEFF(dfr, ub);		/* decode from decFloat */
+      ub+=DECPMAX-1;			/* new LSD... */
+      }
+    ulsd=ub;				/* save new LSD */
+    } /* no overlap possible */
+
+   else {				/* overlap>0 */
+    /* coefficients overlap (perhaps completely, although also */
+    /* perhaps only where zeros) */
+    ub=buf+COFF+DECPMAX-overlap;	/* where MSD will go */
+    /* Fill the prefix gap with 0s; 8 will cover most common */
+    /* unalignments, so start with direct assignments (a loop is */
+    /* then used for any remaining -- the loop (and the one in a */
+    /* moment) is not then on the critical path because the number */
+    /* of additions is reduced by (at least) two in this case) */
+    UINTAT(buf+4)=0;			/* [clears decQuad 00 too] */
+    UINTAT(buf+8)=0;
+    if (ub>buf+12) {
+      ui=&UINTAT(buf+12);		/* start of any remaining */
+      for (; ui<&UINTAT(ub); ui++) *ui=0; /* fill them */
+      }
+    GETCOEFF(dfr, ub);			/* decode from decFloat */
+
+    /* now move tail of rhs across to main acc; again use direct */
+    /* assignment for 8 digits-worth */
+    UINTAT(acc+COFF+DECPMAX)=UINTAT(buf+COFF+DECPMAX);
+    UINTAT(acc+COFF+DECPMAX+4)=UINTAT(buf+COFF+DECPMAX+4);
+    if (buf+COFF+DECPMAX+8<ub+DECPMAX) {
+      uj=&UINTAT(buf+COFF+DECPMAX+8);	/* source */
+      ui=&UINTAT(acc+COFF+DECPMAX+8);	/* target */
+      for (; uj<&UINTAT(ub+DECPMAX); ui++, uj++) *ui=*uj;
+      }
+
+    ulsd=acc+(ub-buf+DECPMAX-1);	/* update LSD pointer */
+
+    /* now do the add of the non-tail; this is all nicely aligned, */
+    /* and is over a multiple of four digits (because for Quad two */
+    /* two 0 digits were added on the left); words in both acc and */
+    /* buf (buf especially) will often be zero */
+    /* [byte-by-byte add, here, is about 15% slower than the by-fours] */
+
+    /* Now effect the add; this is harder on a little-endian */
+    /* machine as the inter-digit carry cannot use the usual BCD */
+    /* addition trick because the bytes are loaded in the wrong order */
+    /* [this loop could be unrolled, but probably scarcely worth it] */
+
+    ui=&UINTAT(acc+COFF+DECPMAX-4);	/* target LSW (acc) */
+    uj=&UINTAT(buf+COFF+DECPMAX-4);	/* source LSW (buf, to add to acc) */
+
+    #if !DECLITEND
+    for (; ui>=&UINTAT(acc+4); ui--, uj--) {
+      /* bcd8 add */
+      carry+=*uj;			/* rhs + carry */
+      if (carry==0) continue;		/* no-op */
+      carry+=*ui;			/* lhs */
+      /* Big-endian BCD adjust (uses internal carry) */
+      carry+=0x76f6f6f6;		/* note top nibble not all bits */
+      *ui=(carry & 0x0f0f0f0f) - ((carry & 0x60606060)>>4); /* BCD adjust */
+      carry>>=31;			/* true carry was at far left */
+      } /* add loop */
+    #else
+    for (; ui>=&UINTAT(acc+4); ui--, uj--) {
+      /* bcd8 add */
+      carry+=*uj;			/* rhs + carry */
+      if (carry==0) continue;		/* no-op [common if unaligned] */
+      carry+=*ui;			/* lhs */
+      /* Little-endian BCD adjust; inter-digit carry must be manual */
+      /* because the lsb from the array will be in the most-significant */
+      /* byte of carry */
+      carry+=0x76767676;		/* note no inter-byte carries */
+      carry+=(carry & 0x80000000)>>15;
+      carry+=(carry & 0x00800000)>>15;
+      carry+=(carry & 0x00008000)>>15;
+      carry-=(carry & 0x60606060)>>4;	/* BCD adjust back */
+      *ui=carry & 0x0f0f0f0f;		/* clear debris and save */
+      /* here, final carry-out bit is at 0x00000080; move it ready */
+      /* for next word-add (i.e., to 0x01000000) */
+      carry=(carry & 0x00000080)<<17;
+      } /* add loop */
+    #endif
+    #if DECTRACE
+    {bcdnum tum;
+    printf("Add done, carry=%08lx, diffsign=%ld\n", (LI)carry, (LI)diffsign);
+    tum.msd=umsd;  /* acc+4; */
+    tum.lsd=ulsd;
+    tum.exponent=0;
+    tum.sign=0;
+    decShowNum(&tum, "dfadd");}
+    #endif
+    } /* overlap possible */
+
+  /* ordering here is a little strange in order to have slowest path */
+  /* first in GCC asm listing */
+  if (diffsign) {		   /* subtraction */
+    if (!carry) {		   /* no carry out means RHS<LHS */
+      /* borrowed -- take ten's complement */
+      /* sign is lhs sign */
+      num.sign=DFWORD(dfl, 0) & DECFLOAT_Sign;
+
+      /* invert the coefficient first by fours, then add one; space */
+      /* at the end of the buffer ensures the by-fours is always */
+      /* safe, but lsd+1 must be cleared to prevent a borrow */
+      /* if big-endian */
+      #if !DECLITEND
+      *(ulsd+1)=0;
+      #endif
+      /* there are always at least four coefficient words */
+      UINTAT(umsd)   =0x09090909-UINTAT(umsd);
+      UINTAT(umsd+4) =0x09090909-UINTAT(umsd+4);
+      UINTAT(umsd+8) =0x09090909-UINTAT(umsd+8);
+      UINTAT(umsd+12)=0x09090909-UINTAT(umsd+12);
+      #if DOUBLE
+	#define BNEXT 16
+      #elif QUAD
+	UINTAT(umsd+16)=0x09090909-UINTAT(umsd+16);
+	UINTAT(umsd+20)=0x09090909-UINTAT(umsd+20);
+	UINTAT(umsd+24)=0x09090909-UINTAT(umsd+24);
+	UINTAT(umsd+28)=0x09090909-UINTAT(umsd+28);
+	UINTAT(umsd+32)=0x09090909-UINTAT(umsd+32);
+	#define BNEXT 36
+      #endif
+      if (ulsd>=umsd+BNEXT) {		/* unaligned */
+	/* eight will handle most unaligments for Double; 16 for Quad */
+	UINTAT(umsd+BNEXT)=0x09090909-UINTAT(umsd+BNEXT);
+	UINTAT(umsd+BNEXT+4)=0x09090909-UINTAT(umsd+BNEXT+4);
+	#if DOUBLE
+	#define BNEXTY (BNEXT+8)
+	#elif QUAD
+	UINTAT(umsd+BNEXT+8)=0x09090909-UINTAT(umsd+BNEXT+8);
+	UINTAT(umsd+BNEXT+12)=0x09090909-UINTAT(umsd+BNEXT+12);
+	#define BNEXTY (BNEXT+16)
+	#endif
+	if (ulsd>=umsd+BNEXTY) {	/* very unaligned */
+	  ui=&UINTAT(umsd+BNEXTY);	/* -> continue */
+	  for (;;ui++) {
+	    *ui=0x09090909-*ui;		/* invert four digits */
+	    if (ui>=&UINTAT(ulsd-3)) break; /* all done */
+	    }
+	  }
+	}
+      /* complete the ten's complement by adding 1 */
+      for (ub=ulsd; *ub==9; ub--) *ub=0;
+      *ub+=1;
+      } /* borrowed */
+
+     else {			   /* carry out means RHS>=LHS */
+      num.sign=DFWORD(dfr, 0) & DECFLOAT_Sign;
+      /* all done except for the special IEEE 754 exact-zero-result */
+      /* rule (see above); while testing for zero, strip leading */
+      /* zeros (which will save decFinalize doing it) (this is in */
+      /* diffsign path, so carry impossible and true umsd is */
+      /* acc+COFF) */
+
+      /* Check the initial coefficient area using the fast macro; */
+      /* this will often be all that needs to be done (as on the */
+      /* worst-case path when the subtraction was aligned and */
+      /* full-length) */
+      if (ISCOEFFZERO(acc+COFF)) {
+	umsd=acc+COFF+DECPMAX-1;   /* so far, so zero */
+	if (ulsd>umsd) {	   /* more to check */
+	  umsd++;		   /* to align after checked area */
+	  for (; UINTAT(umsd)==0 && umsd+3<ulsd;) umsd+=4;
+	  for (; *umsd==0 && umsd<ulsd;) umsd++;
+	  }
+	if (*umsd==0) {		   /* must be true zero (and diffsign) */
+	  num.sign=0;		   /* assume + */
+	  if (set->round==DEC_ROUND_FLOOR) num.sign=DECFLOAT_Sign;
+	  }
+	}
+      /* [else was not zero, might still have leading zeros] */
+      } /* subtraction gave positive result */
+    } /* diffsign */
+
+   else { /* same-sign addition */
+    num.sign=DFWORD(dfl, 0)&DECFLOAT_Sign;
+    #if DOUBLE
+    if (carry) {		   /* only possible with decDouble */
+      *(acc+3)=1;		   /* [Quad has leading 00] */
+      umsd=acc+3;
+      }
+    #endif
+    } /* same sign */
+
+  num.msd=umsd;			   /* set MSD .. */
+  num.lsd=ulsd;			   /* .. and LSD */
+  num.exponent=expr;		   /* set exponent to smaller */
+
+  #if DECTRACE
+  decFloatShow(dfl, "dfl");
+  decFloatShow(dfr, "dfr");
+  decShowNum(&num, "postadd");
+  #endif
+  return decFinalize(result, &num, set); /* round, check, and lay out */
+  } /* decFloatAdd */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatAnd -- logical digitwise AND of two decFloats	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of ANDing dfl and dfr		      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result, which will be canonical with sign=0	      */
+/*								      */
+/* The operands must be positive, finite with exponent q=0, and	      */
+/* comprise just zeros and ones; if not, Invalid operation results.   */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatAnd(decFloat *result,
+		       const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+		       decContext *set) {
+  if (!DFISUINT01(dfl) || !DFISUINT01(dfr)
+   || !DFISCC01(dfl)   || !DFISCC01(dfr)) return decInvalid(result, set);
+  /* the operands are positive finite integers (q=0) with just 0s and 1s */
+  #if DOUBLE
+   DFWORD(result, 0)=ZEROWORD
+		   |((DFWORD(dfl, 0) & DFWORD(dfr, 0))&0x04009124);
+   DFWORD(result, 1)=(DFWORD(dfl, 1) & DFWORD(dfr, 1))&0x49124491;
+  #elif QUAD
+   DFWORD(result, 0)=ZEROWORD
+		   |((DFWORD(dfl, 0) & DFWORD(dfr, 0))&0x04000912);
+   DFWORD(result, 1)=(DFWORD(dfl, 1) & DFWORD(dfr, 1))&0x44912449;
+   DFWORD(result, 2)=(DFWORD(dfl, 2) & DFWORD(dfr, 2))&0x12449124;
+   DFWORD(result, 3)=(DFWORD(dfl, 3) & DFWORD(dfr, 3))&0x49124491;
+  #endif
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatAnd */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatCanonical -- copy a decFloat, making canonical	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the canonicalized df				      */
+/*   df	    is the decFloat to copy and make canonical		      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This works on specials, too; no error or exception is possible.    */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatCanonical(decFloat *result, const decFloat *df) {
+  return decCanonical(result, df);
+  } /* decFloatCanonical */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatClass -- return the class of a decFloat		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   df is the decFloat to test					      */
+/*   returns the decClass that df falls into			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+enum decClass decFloatClass(const decFloat *df) {
+  Int exp;			   /* exponent */
+  if (DFISSPECIAL(df)) {
+    if (DFISQNAN(df)) return DEC_CLASS_QNAN;
+    if (DFISSNAN(df)) return DEC_CLASS_SNAN;
+    /* must be an infinity */
+    if (DFISSIGNED(df)) return DEC_CLASS_NEG_INF;
+    return DEC_CLASS_POS_INF;
+    }
+  if (DFISZERO(df)) {		   /* quite common */
+    if (DFISSIGNED(df)) return DEC_CLASS_NEG_ZERO;
+    return DEC_CLASS_POS_ZERO;
+    }
+  /* is finite and non-zero; similar code to decFloatIsNormal, here */
+  /* [this could be speeded up slightly by in-lining decFloatDigits] */
+  exp=GETEXPUN(df)		   /* get unbiased exponent .. */
+     +decFloatDigits(df)-1;	   /* .. and make adjusted exponent */
+  if (exp>=DECEMIN) {		   /* is normal */
+    if (DFISSIGNED(df)) return DEC_CLASS_NEG_NORMAL;
+    return DEC_CLASS_POS_NORMAL;
+    }
+  /* is subnormal */
+  if (DFISSIGNED(df)) return DEC_CLASS_NEG_SUBNORMAL;
+  return DEC_CLASS_POS_SUBNORMAL;
+  } /* decFloatClass */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatClassString -- return the class of a decFloat as a string  */
+/*								      */
+/*   df is the decFloat to test					      */
+/*   returns a constant string describing the class df falls into     */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+const char *decFloatClassString(const decFloat *df) {
+  enum decClass eclass=decFloatClass(df);
+  if (eclass==DEC_CLASS_POS_NORMAL)    return DEC_ClassString_PN;
+  if (eclass==DEC_CLASS_NEG_NORMAL)    return DEC_ClassString_NN;
+  if (eclass==DEC_CLASS_POS_ZERO)      return DEC_ClassString_PZ;
+  if (eclass==DEC_CLASS_NEG_ZERO)      return DEC_ClassString_NZ;
+  if (eclass==DEC_CLASS_POS_SUBNORMAL) return DEC_ClassString_PS;
+  if (eclass==DEC_CLASS_NEG_SUBNORMAL) return DEC_ClassString_NS;
+  if (eclass==DEC_CLASS_POS_INF)       return DEC_ClassString_PI;
+  if (eclass==DEC_CLASS_NEG_INF)       return DEC_ClassString_NI;
+  if (eclass==DEC_CLASS_QNAN)	       return DEC_ClassString_QN;
+  if (eclass==DEC_CLASS_SNAN)	       return DEC_ClassString_SN;
+  return DEC_ClassString_UN;	       /* Unknown */
+  } /* decFloatClassString */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatCompare -- compare two decFloats; quiet NaNs allowed	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of comparing dfl and dfr		      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result, which may be -1, 0, 1, or NaN (Unordered)	      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatCompare(decFloat *result,
+			   const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+			   decContext *set) {
+  Int comp;				     /* work */
+  /* NaNs are handled as usual */
+  if (DFISNAN(dfl) || DFISNAN(dfr)) return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+  /* numeric comparison needed */
+  comp=decNumCompare(dfl, dfr, 0);
+  decFloatZero(result);
+  if (comp==0) return result;
+  DFBYTE(result, DECBYTES-1)=0x01;	/* LSD=1 */
+  if (comp<0) DFBYTE(result, 0)|=0x80;	/* set sign bit */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatCompare */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatCompareSignal -- compare two decFloats; all NaNs signal    */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of comparing dfl and dfr		      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result, which may be -1, 0, 1, or NaN (Unordered)	      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatCompareSignal(decFloat *result,
+				 const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+				 decContext *set) {
+  Int comp;				     /* work */
+  /* NaNs are handled as usual, except that all NaNs signal */
+  if (DFISNAN(dfl) || DFISNAN(dfr)) {
+    set->status|=DEC_Invalid_operation;
+    return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+    }
+  /* numeric comparison needed */
+  comp=decNumCompare(dfl, dfr, 0);
+  decFloatZero(result);
+  if (comp==0) return result;
+  DFBYTE(result, DECBYTES-1)=0x01;	/* LSD=1 */
+  if (comp<0) DFBYTE(result, 0)|=0x80;	/* set sign bit */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatCompareSignal */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatCompareTotal -- compare two decFloats with total ordering  */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of comparing dfl and dfr		      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   returns result, which may be -1, 0, or 1			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatCompareTotal(decFloat *result,
+				const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr) {
+  Int comp;				     /* work */
+  if (DFISNAN(dfl) || DFISNAN(dfr)) {
+    Int nanl, nanr;			     /* work */
+    /* morph NaNs to +/- 1 or 2, leave numbers as 0 */
+    nanl=DFISSNAN(dfl)+DFISQNAN(dfl)*2;	     /* quiet > signalling */
+    if (DFISSIGNED(dfl)) nanl=-nanl;
+    nanr=DFISSNAN(dfr)+DFISQNAN(dfr)*2;
+    if (DFISSIGNED(dfr)) nanr=-nanr;
+    if (nanl>nanr) comp=+1;
+     else if (nanl<nanr) comp=-1;
+     else { /* NaNs are the same type and sign .. must compare payload */
+      /* buffers need +2 for QUAD */
+      uByte bufl[DECPMAX+4];		     /* for LHS coefficient + foot */
+      uByte bufr[DECPMAX+4];		     /* for RHS coefficient + foot */
+      uByte *ub, *uc;			     /* work */
+      Int sigl;				     /* signum of LHS */
+      sigl=(DFISSIGNED(dfl) ? -1 : +1);
+
+      /* decode the coefficients */
+      /* (shift both right two if Quad to make a multiple of four) */
+      #if QUAD
+	USHORTAT(bufl)=0;
+	USHORTAT(bufr)=0;
+      #endif
+      GETCOEFF(dfl, bufl+QUAD*2);	     /* decode from decFloat */
+      GETCOEFF(dfr, bufr+QUAD*2);	     /* .. */
+      /* all multiples of four, here */
+      comp=0;				     /* assume equal */
+      for (ub=bufl, uc=bufr; ub<bufl+DECPMAX+QUAD*2; ub+=4, uc+=4) {
+	if (UINTAT(ub)==UINTAT(uc)) continue; /* so far so same */
+	/* about to find a winner; go by bytes in case little-endian */
+	for (;; ub++, uc++) {
+	  if (*ub==*uc) continue;
+	  if (*ub>*uc) comp=sigl;	     /* difference found */
+	   else comp=-sigl;		     /* .. */
+	   break;
+	  }
+	}
+      } /* same NaN type and sign */
+    }
+   else {
+    /* numeric comparison needed */
+    comp=decNumCompare(dfl, dfr, 1);	/* total ordering */
+    }
+  decFloatZero(result);
+  if (comp==0) return result;
+  DFBYTE(result, DECBYTES-1)=0x01;	/* LSD=1 */
+  if (comp<0) DFBYTE(result, 0)|=0x80;	/* set sign bit */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatCompareTotal */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatCompareTotalMag -- compare magnitudes with total ordering  */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of comparing abs(dfl) and abs(dfr)	      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   returns result, which may be -1, 0, or 1			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatCompareTotalMag(decFloat *result,
+				const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr) {
+  decFloat a, b;			/* for copy if needed */
+  /* copy and redirect signed operand(s) */
+  if (DFISSIGNED(dfl)) {
+    decFloatCopyAbs(&a, dfl);
+    dfl=&a;
+    }
+  if (DFISSIGNED(dfr)) {
+    decFloatCopyAbs(&b, dfr);
+    dfr=&b;
+    }
+  return decFloatCompareTotal(result, dfl, dfr);
+  } /* decFloatCompareTotalMag */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatCopy -- copy a decFloat as-is			      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the copy of dfl				      */
+/*   dfl    is the decFloat to copy				      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This is a bitwise operation; no errors or exceptions are possible. */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatCopy(decFloat *result, const decFloat *dfl) {
+  if (dfl!=result) *result=*dfl;	     /* copy needed */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatCopy */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatCopyAbs -- copy a decFloat as-is and set sign bit to 0     */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the copy of dfl with sign bit 0		      */
+/*   dfl    is the decFloat to copy				      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This is a bitwise operation; no errors or exceptions are possible. */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatCopyAbs(decFloat *result, const decFloat *dfl) {
+  if (dfl!=result) *result=*dfl;	/* copy needed */
+  DFBYTE(result, 0)&=~0x80;		/* zero sign bit */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatCopyAbs */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatCopyNegate -- copy a decFloat as-is with inverted sign bit */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the copy of dfl with sign bit inverted		      */
+/*   dfl    is the decFloat to copy				      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This is a bitwise operation; no errors or exceptions are possible. */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatCopyNegate(decFloat *result, const decFloat *dfl) {
+  if (dfl!=result) *result=*dfl;	/* copy needed */
+  DFBYTE(result, 0)^=0x80;		/* invert sign bit */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatCopyNegate */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatCopySign -- copy a decFloat with the sign of another	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of copying dfl with the sign of dfr	      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This is a bitwise operation; no errors or exceptions are possible. */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatCopySign(decFloat *result,
+			    const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr) {
+  uByte sign=(uByte)(DFBYTE(dfr, 0)&0x80);   /* save sign bit */
+  if (dfl!=result) *result=*dfl;	     /* copy needed */
+  DFBYTE(result, 0)&=~0x80;		     /* clear sign .. */
+  DFBYTE(result, 0)=(uByte)(DFBYTE(result, 0)|sign); /* .. and set saved */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatCopySign */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatDigits -- return the number of digits in a decFloat	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   df is the decFloat to investigate				      */
+/*   returns the number of significant digits in the decFloat; a      */
+/*     zero coefficient returns 1 as does an infinity (a NaN returns  */
+/*     the number of digits in the payload)			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* private macro to extract a declet according to provided formula */
+/* (form), and if it is non-zero then return the calculated digits */
+/* depending on the declet number (n), where n=0 for the most */
+/* significant declet; uses uInt dpd for work */
+#define dpdlenchk(n, form) {dpd=(form)&0x3ff;	  \
+  if (dpd) return (DECPMAX-1-3*(n))-(3-DPD2BCD8[dpd*4+3]);}
+/* next one is used when it is known that the declet must be */
+/* non-zero, or is the final zero declet */
+#define dpdlendun(n, form) {dpd=(form)&0x3ff;	  \
+  if (dpd==0) return 1;				  \
+  return (DECPMAX-1-3*(n))-(3-DPD2BCD8[dpd*4+3]);}
+
+uInt decFloatDigits(const decFloat *df) {
+  uInt dpd;			   /* work */
+  uInt sourhi=DFWORD(df, 0);	   /* top word from source decFloat */
+  #if QUAD
+  uInt sourmh, sourml;
+  #endif
+  uInt sourlo;
+
+  if (DFISINF(df)) return 1;
+  /* A NaN effectively has an MSD of 0; otherwise if non-zero MSD */
+  /* then the coefficient is full-length */
+  if (!DFISNAN(df) && DECCOMBMSD[sourhi>>26]) return DECPMAX;
+
+  #if DOUBLE
+    if (sourhi&0x0003ffff) {	 /* ends in first */
+      dpdlenchk(0, sourhi>>8);
+      sourlo=DFWORD(df, 1);
+      dpdlendun(1, (sourhi<<2) | (sourlo>>30));
+      } /* [cannot drop through] */
+    sourlo=DFWORD(df, 1);  /* sourhi not involved now */
+    if (sourlo&0xfff00000) {	 /* in one of first two */
+      dpdlenchk(1, sourlo>>30);	 /* very rare */
+      dpdlendun(2, sourlo>>20);
+      } /* [cannot drop through] */
+    dpdlenchk(3, sourlo>>10);
+    dpdlendun(4, sourlo);
+    /* [cannot drop through] */
+
+  #elif QUAD
+    if (sourhi&0x00003fff) {	 /* ends in first */
+      dpdlenchk(0, sourhi>>4);
+      sourmh=DFWORD(df, 1);
+      dpdlendun(1, ((sourhi)<<6) | (sourmh>>26));
+      } /* [cannot drop through] */
+    sourmh=DFWORD(df, 1);
+    if (sourmh) {
+      dpdlenchk(1, sourmh>>26);
+      dpdlenchk(2, sourmh>>16);
+      dpdlenchk(3, sourmh>>6);
+      sourml=DFWORD(df, 2);
+      dpdlendun(4, ((sourmh)<<4) | (sourml>>28));
+      } /* [cannot drop through] */
+    sourml=DFWORD(df, 2);
+    if (sourml) {
+      dpdlenchk(4, sourml>>28);
+      dpdlenchk(5, sourml>>18);
+      dpdlenchk(6, sourml>>8);
+      sourlo=DFWORD(df, 3);
+      dpdlendun(7, ((sourml)<<2) | (sourlo>>30));
+      } /* [cannot drop through] */
+    sourlo=DFWORD(df, 3);
+    if (sourlo&0xfff00000) {	 /* in one of first two */
+      dpdlenchk(7, sourlo>>30);	 /* very rare */
+      dpdlendun(8, sourlo>>20);
+      } /* [cannot drop through] */
+    dpdlenchk(9, sourlo>>10);
+    dpdlendun(10, sourlo);
+    /* [cannot drop through] */
+  #endif
+  } /* decFloatDigits */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatDivide -- divide a decFloat by another		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of dividing dfl by dfr:		      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* This is just a wrapper. */
+decFloat * decFloatDivide(decFloat *result,
+			  const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+			  decContext *set) {
+  return decDivide(result, dfl, dfr, set, DIVIDE);
+  } /* decFloatDivide */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatDivideInteger -- integer divide a decFloat by another      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of dividing dfl by dfr:		      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatDivideInteger(decFloat *result,
+			     const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+			     decContext *set) {
+  return decDivide(result, dfl, dfr, set, DIVIDEINT);
+  } /* decFloatDivideInteger */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatFMA -- multiply and add three decFloats, fused	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of (dfl*dfr)+dff with a single rounding   */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   dff    is the final decFloat (fhs)				      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatFMA(decFloat *result, const decFloat *dfl,
+		       const decFloat *dfr, const decFloat *dff,
+		       decContext *set) {
+  /* The accumulator has the bytes needed for FiniteMultiply, plus */
+  /* one byte to the left in case of carry, plus DECPMAX+2 to the */
+  /* right for the final addition (up to full fhs + round & sticky) */
+  #define FMALEN (1+ (DECPMAX9*18) +DECPMAX+2)
+  uByte	 acc[FMALEN];		   /* for multiplied coefficient in BCD */
+				   /* .. and for final result */
+  bcdnum mul;			   /* for multiplication result */
+  bcdnum fin;			   /* for final operand, expanded */
+  uByte	 coe[DECPMAX];		   /* dff coefficient in BCD */
+  bcdnum *hi, *lo;		   /* bcdnum with higher/lower exponent */
+  uInt	 diffsign;		   /* non-zero if signs differ */
+  uInt	 hipad;			   /* pad digit for hi if needed */
+  Int	 padding;		   /* excess exponent */
+  uInt	 carry;			   /* +1 for ten's complement and during add */
+  uByte	 *ub, *uh, *ul;		   /* work */
+
+  /* handle all the special values [any special operand leads to a */
+  /* special result] */
+  if (DFISSPECIAL(dfl) || DFISSPECIAL(dfr) || DFISSPECIAL(dff)) {
+    decFloat proxy;		   /* multiplication result proxy */
+    /* NaNs are handled as usual, giving priority to sNaNs */
+    if (DFISSNAN(dfl) || DFISSNAN(dfr)) return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+    if (DFISSNAN(dff)) return decNaNs(result, dff, NULL, set);
+    if (DFISNAN(dfl) || DFISNAN(dfr)) return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+    if (DFISNAN(dff)) return decNaNs(result, dff, NULL, set);
+    /* One or more of the three is infinite */
+    /* infinity times zero is bad */
+    decFloatZero(&proxy);
+    if (DFISINF(dfl)) {
+      if (DFISZERO(dfr)) return decInvalid(result, set);
+      decInfinity(&proxy, &proxy);
+      }
+     else if (DFISINF(dfr)) {
+      if (DFISZERO(dfl)) return decInvalid(result, set);
+      decInfinity(&proxy, &proxy);
+      }
+    /* compute sign of multiplication and place in proxy */
+    DFWORD(&proxy, 0)|=(DFWORD(dfl, 0)^DFWORD(dfr, 0))&DECFLOAT_Sign;
+    if (!DFISINF(dff)) return decFloatCopy(result, &proxy);
+    /* dff is Infinite */
+    if (!DFISINF(&proxy)) return decInfinity(result, dff);
+    /* both sides of addition are infinite; different sign is bad */
+    if ((DFWORD(dff, 0)&DECFLOAT_Sign)!=(DFWORD(&proxy, 0)&DECFLOAT_Sign))
+      return decInvalid(result, set);
+    return decFloatCopy(result, &proxy);
+    }
+
+  /* Here when all operands are finite */
+
+  /* First multiply dfl*dfr */
+  decFiniteMultiply(&mul, acc+1, dfl, dfr);
+  /* The multiply is complete, exact and unbounded, and described in */
+  /* mul with the coefficient held in acc[1...] */
+
+  /* now add in dff; the algorithm is essentially the same as */
+  /* decFloatAdd, but the code is different because the code there */
+  /* is highly optimized for adding two numbers of the same size */
+  fin.exponent=GETEXPUN(dff);		/* get dff exponent and sign */
+  fin.sign=DFWORD(dff, 0)&DECFLOAT_Sign;
+  diffsign=mul.sign^fin.sign;		/* note if signs differ */
+  fin.msd=coe;
+  fin.lsd=coe+DECPMAX-1;
+  GETCOEFF(dff, coe);			/* extract the coefficient */
+
+  /* now set hi and lo so that hi points to whichever of mul and fin */
+  /* has the higher exponent and lo point to the other [don't care if */
+  /* the same] */
+  if (mul.exponent>=fin.exponent) {
+    hi=&mul;
+    lo=&fin;
+    }
+   else {
+    hi=&fin;
+    lo=&mul;
+    }
+
+  /* remove leading zeros on both operands; this will save time later */
+  /* and make testing for zero trivial */
+  for (; UINTAT(hi->msd)==0 && hi->msd+3<hi->lsd;) hi->msd+=4;
+  for (; *hi->msd==0 && hi->msd<hi->lsd;) hi->msd++;
+  for (; UINTAT(lo->msd)==0 && lo->msd+3<lo->lsd;) lo->msd+=4;
+  for (; *lo->msd==0 && lo->msd<lo->lsd;) lo->msd++;
+
+  /* if hi is zero then result will be lo (which has the smaller */
+  /* exponent), which also may need to be tested for zero for the */
+  /* weird IEEE 754 sign rules */
+  if (*hi->msd==0 && hi->msd==hi->lsd) {     /* hi is zero */
+    /* "When the sum of two operands with opposite signs is */
+    /* exactly zero, the sign of that sum shall be '+' in all */
+    /* rounding modes except round toward -Infinity, in which */
+    /* mode that sign shall be '-'." */
+    if (diffsign) {
+      if (*lo->msd==0 && lo->msd==lo->lsd) { /* lo is zero */
+	lo->sign=0;
+	if (set->round==DEC_ROUND_FLOOR) lo->sign=DECFLOAT_Sign;
+	} /* diffsign && lo=0 */
+      } /* diffsign */
+    return decFinalize(result, lo, set);     /* may need clamping */
+    } /* numfl is zero */
+  /* [here, both are minimal length and hi is non-zero] */
+
+  /* if signs differ, take the ten's complement of hi (zeros to the */
+  /* right do not matter because the complement of zero is zero); */
+  /* the +1 is done later, as part of the addition, inserted at the */
+  /* correct digit */
+  hipad=0;
+  carry=0;
+  if (diffsign) {
+    hipad=9;
+    carry=1;
+    /* exactly the correct number of digits must be inverted */
+    for (uh=hi->msd; uh<hi->lsd-3; uh+=4) UINTAT(uh)=0x09090909-UINTAT(uh);
+    for (; uh<=hi->lsd; uh++) *uh=(uByte)(0x09-*uh);
+    }
+
+  /* ready to add; note that hi has no leading zeros so gap */
+  /* calculation does not have to be as pessimistic as in decFloatAdd */
+  /* (this is much more like the arbitrary-precision algorithm in */
+  /* Rexx and decNumber) */
+
+  /* padding is the number of zeros that would need to be added to hi */
+  /* for its lsd to be aligned with the lsd of lo */
+  padding=hi->exponent-lo->exponent;
+  /* printf("FMA pad %ld\n", (LI)padding); */
+
+  /* the result of the addition will be built into the accumulator, */
+  /* starting from the far right; this could be either hi or lo */
+  ub=acc+FMALEN-1;		   /* where lsd of result will go */
+  ul=lo->lsd;			   /* lsd of rhs */
+
+  if (padding!=0) {		   /* unaligned */
+    /* if the msd of lo is more than DECPMAX+2 digits to the right of */
+    /* the original msd of hi then it can be reduced to a single */
+    /* digit at the right place, as it stays clear of hi digits */
+    /* [it must be DECPMAX+2 because during a subtraction the msd */
+    /* could become 0 after a borrow from 1.000 to 0.9999...] */
+    Int hilen=(Int)(hi->lsd-hi->msd+1); /* lengths */
+    Int lolen=(Int)(lo->lsd-lo->msd+1); /* .. */
+    Int newexp=MINI(hi->exponent, hi->exponent+hilen-DECPMAX)-3;
+    Int reduce=newexp-lo->exponent;
+    if (reduce>0) {			/* [= case gives reduce=0 nop] */
+      /* printf("FMA reduce: %ld\n", (LI)reduce); */
+      if (reduce>=lolen) {		/* eating all */
+	lo->lsd=lo->msd;		/* reduce to single digit */
+	lo->exponent=newexp;		/* [known to be non-zero] */
+	}
+       else { /* < */
+	uByte *up=lo->lsd;
+	lo->lsd=lo->lsd-reduce;
+	if (*lo->lsd==0)		/* could need sticky bit */
+	 for (; up>lo->lsd; up--) {	/* search discarded digits */
+	  if (*up!=0) {			/* found one... */
+	    *lo->lsd=1;			/* set sticky bit */
+	    break;
+	    }
+	  }
+	lo->exponent+=reduce;
+	}
+      padding=hi->exponent-lo->exponent; /* recalculate */
+      ul=lo->lsd;			 /* .. */
+      } /* maybe reduce */
+    /* padding is now <= DECPMAX+2 but still > 0; tricky DOUBLE case */
+    /* is when hi is a 1 that will become a 0.9999... by subtraction: */
+    /*	 hi:   1				   E+16 */
+    /*	 lo:	.................1000000000000000  E-16 */
+    /* which for the addition pads and reduces to: */
+    /*	 hi:   1000000000000000000		   E-2 */
+    /*	 lo:	.................1		   E-2 */
+    #if DECCHECK
+      if (padding>DECPMAX+2) printf("FMA excess padding: %ld\n", (LI)padding);
+      if (padding<=0) printf("FMA low padding: %ld\n", (LI)padding);
+      /* printf("FMA padding: %ld\n", (LI)padding); */
+    #endif
+    /* padding digits can now be set in the result; one or more of */
+    /* these will come from lo; others will be zeros in the gap */
+    for (; ul>=lo->msd && padding>0; padding--, ul--, ub--) *ub=*ul;
+    for (;padding>0; padding--, ub--) *ub=0; /* mind the gap */
+    }
+
+  /* addition now complete to the right of the rightmost digit of hi */
+  uh=hi->lsd;
+
+  /* carry was set up depending on ten's complement above; do the add... */
+  for (;; ub--) {
+    uInt hid, lod;
+    if (uh<hi->msd) {
+      if (ul<lo->msd) break;
+      hid=hipad;
+      }
+     else hid=*uh--;
+    if (ul<lo->msd) lod=0;
+     else lod=*ul--;
+    *ub=(uByte)(carry+hid+lod);
+    if (*ub<10) carry=0;
+     else {
+      *ub-=10;
+      carry=1;
+      }
+    } /* addition loop */
+
+  /* addition complete -- now handle carry, borrow, etc. */
+  /* use lo to set up the num (its exponent is already correct, and */
+  /* sign usually is) */
+  lo->msd=ub+1;
+  lo->lsd=acc+FMALEN-1;
+  /* decShowNum(lo, "lo"); */
+  if (!diffsign) {		   /* same-sign addition */
+    if (carry) {		   /* carry out */
+      *ub=1;			   /* place the 1 .. */
+      lo->msd--;		   /* .. and update */
+      }
+    } /* same sign */
+   else {			   /* signs differed (subtraction) */
+    if (!carry) {		   /* no carry out means hi<lo */
+      /* borrowed -- take ten's complement of the right digits */
+      lo->sign=hi->sign;	   /* sign is lhs sign */
+      for (ul=lo->msd; ul<lo->lsd-3; ul+=4) UINTAT(ul)=0x09090909-UINTAT(ul);
+      for (; ul<=lo->lsd; ul++) *ul=(uByte)(0x09-*ul); /* [leaves ul at lsd+1] */
+      /* complete the ten's complement by adding 1 [cannot overrun] */
+      for (ul--; *ul==9; ul--) *ul=0;
+      *ul+=1;
+      } /* borrowed */
+     else {			   /* carry out means hi>=lo */
+      /* sign to use is lo->sign */
+      /* all done except for the special IEEE 754 exact-zero-result */
+      /* rule (see above); while testing for zero, strip leading */
+      /* zeros (which will save decFinalize doing it) */
+      for (; UINTAT(lo->msd)==0 && lo->msd+3<lo->lsd;) lo->msd+=4;
+      for (; *lo->msd==0 && lo->msd<lo->lsd;) lo->msd++;
+      if (*lo->msd==0) {	   /* must be true zero (and diffsign) */
+	lo->sign=0;		   /* assume + */
+	if (set->round==DEC_ROUND_FLOOR) lo->sign=DECFLOAT_Sign;
+	}
+      /* [else was not zero, might still have leading zeros] */
+      } /* subtraction gave positive result */
+    } /* diffsign */
+
+  return decFinalize(result, lo, set);	/* round, check, and lay out */
+  } /* decFloatFMA */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatFromInt -- initialise a decFloat from an Int		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the converted Int				      */
+/*   n	    is the Int to convert				      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* The result is Exact; no errors or exceptions are possible.	      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatFromInt32(decFloat *result, Int n) {
+  uInt u=(uInt)n;			/* copy as bits */
+  uInt encode;				/* work */
+  DFWORD(result, 0)=ZEROWORD;		/* always */
+  #if QUAD
+    DFWORD(result, 1)=0;
+    DFWORD(result, 2)=0;
+  #endif
+  if (n<0) {				/* handle -n with care */
+    /* [This can be done without the test, but is then slightly slower] */
+    u=(~u)+1;
+    DFWORD(result, 0)|=DECFLOAT_Sign;
+    }
+  /* Since the maximum value of u now is 2**31, only the low word of */
+  /* result is affected */
+  encode=BIN2DPD[u%1000];
+  u/=1000;
+  encode|=BIN2DPD[u%1000]<<10;
+  u/=1000;
+  encode|=BIN2DPD[u%1000]<<20;
+  u/=1000;				/* now 0, 1, or 2 */
+  encode|=u<<30;
+  DFWORD(result, DECWORDS-1)=encode;
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatFromInt32 */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatFromUInt -- initialise a decFloat from a uInt	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the converted uInt				      */
+/*   n	    is the uInt to convert				      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* The result is Exact; no errors or exceptions are possible.	      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatFromUInt32(decFloat *result, uInt u) {
+  uInt encode;				/* work */
+  DFWORD(result, 0)=ZEROWORD;		/* always */
+  #if QUAD
+    DFWORD(result, 1)=0;
+    DFWORD(result, 2)=0;
+  #endif
+  encode=BIN2DPD[u%1000];
+  u/=1000;
+  encode|=BIN2DPD[u%1000]<<10;
+  u/=1000;
+  encode|=BIN2DPD[u%1000]<<20;
+  u/=1000;				/* now 0 -> 4 */
+  encode|=u<<30;
+  DFWORD(result, DECWORDS-1)=encode;
+  DFWORD(result, DECWORDS-2)|=u>>2;	/* rarely non-zero */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatFromUInt32 */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatInvert -- logical digitwise INVERT of a decFloat	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of INVERTing df			      */
+/*   df	    is the decFloat to invert				      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result, which will be canonical with sign=0	      */
+/*								      */
+/* The operand must be positive, finite with exponent q=0, and	      */
+/* comprise just zeros and ones; if not, Invalid operation results.   */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatInvert(decFloat *result, const decFloat *df,
+			  decContext *set) {
+  uInt sourhi=DFWORD(df, 0);		/* top word of dfs */
+
+  if (!DFISUINT01(df) || !DFISCC01(df)) return decInvalid(result, set);
+  /* the operand is a finite integer (q=0) */
+  #if DOUBLE
+   DFWORD(result, 0)=ZEROWORD|((~sourhi)&0x04009124);
+   DFWORD(result, 1)=(~DFWORD(df, 1))	&0x49124491;
+  #elif QUAD
+   DFWORD(result, 0)=ZEROWORD|((~sourhi)&0x04000912);
+   DFWORD(result, 1)=(~DFWORD(df, 1))	&0x44912449;
+   DFWORD(result, 2)=(~DFWORD(df, 2))	&0x12449124;
+   DFWORD(result, 3)=(~DFWORD(df, 3))	&0x49124491;
+  #endif
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatInvert */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatIs -- decFloat tests (IsSigned, etc.)		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   df is the decFloat to test					      */
+/*   returns 0 or 1 in an int32_t				      */
+/*								      */
+/* Many of these could be macros, but having them as real functions   */
+/* is a bit cleaner (and they can be referred to here by the generic  */
+/* names)							      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+uInt decFloatIsCanonical(const decFloat *df) {
+  if (DFISSPECIAL(df)) {
+    if (DFISINF(df)) {
+      if (DFWORD(df, 0)&ECONMASK) return 0;  /* exponent continuation */
+      if (!DFISCCZERO(df)) return 0;	     /* coefficient continuation */
+      return 1;
+      }
+    /* is a NaN */
+    if (DFWORD(df, 0)&ECONNANMASK) return 0; /* exponent continuation */
+    if (DFISCCZERO(df)) return 1;	     /* coefficient continuation */
+    /* drop through to check payload */
+    }
+  { /* declare block */
+  #if DOUBLE
+    uInt sourhi=DFWORD(df, 0);
+    uInt sourlo=DFWORD(df, 1);
+    if (CANONDPDOFF(sourhi, 8)
+     && CANONDPDTWO(sourhi, sourlo, 30)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourlo, 20)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourlo, 10)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourlo, 0)) return 1;
+  #elif QUAD
+    uInt sourhi=DFWORD(df, 0);
+    uInt sourmh=DFWORD(df, 1);
+    uInt sourml=DFWORD(df, 2);
+    uInt sourlo=DFWORD(df, 3);
+    if (CANONDPDOFF(sourhi, 4)
+     && CANONDPDTWO(sourhi, sourmh, 26)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourmh, 16)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourmh, 6)
+     && CANONDPDTWO(sourmh, sourml, 28)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourml, 18)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourml, 8)
+     && CANONDPDTWO(sourml, sourlo, 30)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourlo, 20)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourlo, 10)
+     && CANONDPDOFF(sourlo, 0)) return 1;
+  #endif
+  } /* block */
+  return 0;    /* a declet is non-canonical */
+  }
+
+uInt decFloatIsFinite(const decFloat *df) {
+  return !DFISSPECIAL(df);
+  }
+uInt decFloatIsInfinite(const decFloat *df) {
+  return DFISINF(df);
+  }
+uInt decFloatIsInteger(const decFloat *df) {
+  return DFISINT(df);
+  }
+uInt decFloatIsNaN(const decFloat *df) {
+  return DFISNAN(df);
+  }
+uInt decFloatIsNormal(const decFloat *df) {
+  Int exp;			   /* exponent */
+  if (DFISSPECIAL(df)) return 0;
+  if (DFISZERO(df)) return 0;
+  /* is finite and non-zero */
+  exp=GETEXPUN(df)		   /* get unbiased exponent .. */
+     +decFloatDigits(df)-1;	   /* .. and make adjusted exponent */
+  return (exp>=DECEMIN);	   /* < DECEMIN is subnormal */
+  }
+uInt decFloatIsSignaling(const decFloat *df) {
+  return DFISSNAN(df);
+  }
+uInt decFloatIsSignalling(const decFloat *df) {
+  return DFISSNAN(df);
+  }
+uInt decFloatIsSigned(const decFloat *df) {
+  return DFISSIGNED(df);
+  }
+uInt decFloatIsSubnormal(const decFloat *df) {
+  if (DFISSPECIAL(df)) return 0;
+  /* is finite */
+  if (decFloatIsNormal(df)) return 0;
+  /* it is <Nmin, but could be zero */
+  if (DFISZERO(df)) return 0;
+  return 1;				     /* is subnormal */
+  }
+uInt decFloatIsZero(const decFloat *df) {
+  return DFISZERO(df);
+  } /* decFloatIs... */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatLogB -- return adjusted exponent, by 754r rules	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the adjusted exponent as an integer, or a NaN etc.   */
+/*   df	    is the decFloat to be examined			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* Notable cases:						      */
+/*   A<0 -> Use |A|						      */
+/*   A=0 -> -Infinity (Division by zero)			      */
+/*   A=Infinite -> +Infinity (Exact)				      */
+/*   A=1 exactly -> 0 (Exact)					      */
+/*   NaNs are propagated as usual				      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatLogB(decFloat *result, const decFloat *df,
+			decContext *set) {
+  Int ae;				     /* adjusted exponent */
+  if (DFISNAN(df)) return decNaNs(result, df, NULL, set);
+  if (DFISINF(df)) {
+    DFWORD(result, 0)=0;		     /* need +ve */
+    return decInfinity(result, result);	     /* canonical +Infinity */
+    }
+  if (DFISZERO(df)) {
+    set->status|=DEC_Division_by_zero;	     /* as per 754r */
+    DFWORD(result, 0)=DECFLOAT_Sign;	     /* make negative */
+    return decInfinity(result, result);	     /* canonical -Infinity */
+    }
+  ae=GETEXPUN(df)			/* get unbiased exponent .. */
+    +decFloatDigits(df)-1;		/* .. and make adjusted exponent */
+  /* ae has limited range (3 digits for DOUBLE and 4 for QUAD), so */
+  /* it is worth using a special case of decFloatFromInt32 */
+  DFWORD(result, 0)=ZEROWORD;		/* always */
+  if (ae<0) {
+    DFWORD(result, 0)|=DECFLOAT_Sign;	/* -0 so far */
+    ae=-ae;
+    }
+  #if DOUBLE
+    DFWORD(result, 1)=BIN2DPD[ae];	/* a single declet */
+  #elif QUAD
+    DFWORD(result, 1)=0;
+    DFWORD(result, 2)=0;
+    DFWORD(result, 3)=(ae/1000)<<10;	/* is <10, so need no DPD encode */
+    DFWORD(result, 3)|=BIN2DPD[ae%1000];
+  #endif
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatLogB */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatMax -- return maxnum of two operands			      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the chosen decFloat				      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* If just one operand is a quiet NaN it is ignored.		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatMax(decFloat *result,
+		       const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+		       decContext *set) {
+  Int comp;
+  if (DFISNAN(dfl)) {
+    /* sNaN or both NaNs leads to normal NaN processing */
+    if (DFISNAN(dfr) || DFISSNAN(dfl)) return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+    return decCanonical(result, dfr);	     /* RHS is numeric */
+    }
+  if (DFISNAN(dfr)) {
+    /* sNaN leads to normal NaN processing (both NaN handled above) */
+    if (DFISSNAN(dfr)) return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+    return decCanonical(result, dfl);	     /* LHS is numeric */
+    }
+  /* Both operands are numeric; numeric comparison needed -- use */
+  /* total order for a well-defined choice (and +0 > -0) */
+  comp=decNumCompare(dfl, dfr, 1);
+  if (comp>=0) return decCanonical(result, dfl);
+  return decCanonical(result, dfr);
+  } /* decFloatMax */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatMaxMag -- return maxnummag of two operands		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the chosen decFloat				      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* Returns according to the magnitude comparisons if both numeric and */
+/* unequal, otherwise returns maxnum				      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatMaxMag(decFloat *result,
+		       const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+		       decContext *set) {
+  Int comp;
+  decFloat absl, absr;
+  if (DFISNAN(dfl) || DFISNAN(dfr)) return decFloatMax(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+
+  decFloatCopyAbs(&absl, dfl);
+  decFloatCopyAbs(&absr, dfr);
+  comp=decNumCompare(&absl, &absr, 0);
+  if (comp>0) return decCanonical(result, dfl);
+  if (comp<0) return decCanonical(result, dfr);
+  return decFloatMax(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+  } /* decFloatMaxMag */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatMin -- return minnum of two operands			      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the chosen decFloat				      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* If just one operand is a quiet NaN it is ignored.		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatMin(decFloat *result,
+		       const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+		       decContext *set) {
+  Int comp;
+  if (DFISNAN(dfl)) {
+    /* sNaN or both NaNs leads to normal NaN processing */
+    if (DFISNAN(dfr) || DFISSNAN(dfl)) return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+    return decCanonical(result, dfr);	     /* RHS is numeric */
+    }
+  if (DFISNAN(dfr)) {
+    /* sNaN leads to normal NaN processing (both NaN handled above) */
+    if (DFISSNAN(dfr)) return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+    return decCanonical(result, dfl);	     /* LHS is numeric */
+    }
+  /* Both operands are numeric; numeric comparison needed -- use */
+  /* total order for a well-defined choice (and +0 > -0) */
+  comp=decNumCompare(dfl, dfr, 1);
+  if (comp<=0) return decCanonical(result, dfl);
+  return decCanonical(result, dfr);
+  } /* decFloatMin */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatMinMag -- return minnummag of two operands		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the chosen decFloat				      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* Returns according to the magnitude comparisons if both numeric and */
+/* unequal, otherwise returns minnum				      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatMinMag(decFloat *result,
+		       const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+		       decContext *set) {
+  Int comp;
+  decFloat absl, absr;
+  if (DFISNAN(dfl) || DFISNAN(dfr)) return decFloatMin(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+
+  decFloatCopyAbs(&absl, dfl);
+  decFloatCopyAbs(&absr, dfr);
+  comp=decNumCompare(&absl, &absr, 0);
+  if (comp<0) return decCanonical(result, dfl);
+  if (comp>0) return decCanonical(result, dfr);
+  return decFloatMin(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+  } /* decFloatMinMag */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatMinus -- negate value, heeding NaNs, etc.		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the canonicalized 0-df				      */
+/*   df	    is the decFloat to minus				      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This has the same effect as 0-df where the exponent of the zero is */
+/* the same as that of df (if df is finite).			      */
+/* The effect is also the same as decFloatCopyNegate except that NaNs */
+/* are handled normally (the sign of a NaN is not affected, and an    */
+/* sNaN will signal), the result is canonical, and zero gets sign 0.  */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatMinus(decFloat *result, const decFloat *df,
+			 decContext *set) {
+  if (DFISNAN(df)) return decNaNs(result, df, NULL, set);
+  decCanonical(result, df);			  /* copy and check */
+  if (DFISZERO(df)) DFBYTE(result, 0)&=~0x80;	  /* turn off sign bit */
+   else DFBYTE(result, 0)^=0x80;		  /* flip sign bit */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatMinus */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatMultiply -- multiply two decFloats			      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of multiplying dfl and dfr:		      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatMultiply(decFloat *result,
+			    const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+			    decContext *set) {
+  bcdnum num;			   /* for final conversion */
+  uByte	 bcdacc[DECPMAX9*18+1];	   /* for coefficent in BCD */
+
+  if (DFISSPECIAL(dfl) || DFISSPECIAL(dfr)) { /* either is special? */
+    /* NaNs are handled as usual */
+    if (DFISNAN(dfl) || DFISNAN(dfr)) return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+    /* infinity times zero is bad */
+    if (DFISINF(dfl) && DFISZERO(dfr)) return decInvalid(result, set);
+    if (DFISINF(dfr) && DFISZERO(dfl)) return decInvalid(result, set);
+    /* both infinite; return canonical infinity with computed sign */
+    DFWORD(result, 0)=DFWORD(dfl, 0)^DFWORD(dfr, 0); /* compute sign */
+    return decInfinity(result, result);
+    }
+
+  /* Here when both operands are finite */
+  decFiniteMultiply(&num, bcdacc, dfl, dfr);
+  return decFinalize(result, &num, set); /* round, check, and lay out */
+  } /* decFloatMultiply */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatNextMinus -- next towards -Infinity			      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the next lesser decFloat			      */
+/*   dfl    is the decFloat to start with			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This is 754r nextdown; Invalid is the only status possible (from   */
+/* an sNaN).							      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatNextMinus(decFloat *result, const decFloat *dfl,
+			     decContext *set) {
+  decFloat delta;			/* tiny increment */
+  uInt savestat;			/* saves status */
+  enum rounding saveround;		/* .. and mode */
+
+  /* +Infinity is the special case */
+  if (DFISINF(dfl) && !DFISSIGNED(dfl)) {
+    DFSETNMAX(result);
+    return result;			/* [no status to set] */
+    }
+  /* other cases are effected by sutracting a tiny delta -- this */
+  /* should be done in a wider format as the delta is unrepresentable */
+  /* here (but can be done with normal add if the sign of zero is */
+  /* treated carefully, because no Inexactitude is interesting); */
+  /* rounding to -Infinity then pushes the result to next below */
+  decFloatZero(&delta);			/* set up tiny delta */
+  DFWORD(&delta, DECWORDS-1)=1;		/* coefficient=1 */
+  DFWORD(&delta, 0)=DECFLOAT_Sign;	/* Sign=1 + biased exponent=0 */
+  /* set up for the directional round */
+  saveround=set->round;			/* save mode */
+  set->round=DEC_ROUND_FLOOR;		/* .. round towards -Infinity */
+  savestat=set->status;			/* save status */
+  decFloatAdd(result, dfl, &delta, set);
+  /* Add rules mess up the sign when going from +Ntiny to 0 */
+  if (DFISZERO(result)) DFWORD(result, 0)^=DECFLOAT_Sign; /* correct */
+  set->status&=DEC_Invalid_operation;	/* preserve only sNaN status */
+  set->status|=savestat;		/* restore pending flags */
+  set->round=saveround;			/* .. and mode */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatNextMinus */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatNextPlus -- next towards +Infinity			      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the next larger decFloat			      */
+/*   dfl    is the decFloat to start with			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This is 754r nextup; Invalid is the only status possible (from     */
+/* an sNaN).							      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatNextPlus(decFloat *result, const decFloat *dfl,
+			    decContext *set) {
+  uInt savestat;			/* saves status */
+  enum rounding saveround;		/* .. and mode */
+  decFloat delta;			/* tiny increment */
+
+  /* -Infinity is the special case */
+  if (DFISINF(dfl) && DFISSIGNED(dfl)) {
+    DFSETNMAX(result);
+    DFWORD(result, 0)|=DECFLOAT_Sign;	/* make negative */
+    return result;			/* [no status to set] */
+    }
+  /* other cases are effected by sutracting a tiny delta -- this */
+  /* should be done in a wider format as the delta is unrepresentable */
+  /* here (but can be done with normal add if the sign of zero is */
+  /* treated carefully, because no Inexactitude is interesting); */
+  /* rounding to +Infinity then pushes the result to next above */
+  decFloatZero(&delta);			/* set up tiny delta */
+  DFWORD(&delta, DECWORDS-1)=1;		/* coefficient=1 */
+  DFWORD(&delta, 0)=0;			/* Sign=0 + biased exponent=0 */
+  /* set up for the directional round */
+  saveround=set->round;			/* save mode */
+  set->round=DEC_ROUND_CEILING;		/* .. round towards +Infinity */
+  savestat=set->status;			/* save status */
+  decFloatAdd(result, dfl, &delta, set);
+  /* Add rules mess up the sign when going from -Ntiny to -0 */
+  if (DFISZERO(result)) DFWORD(result, 0)^=DECFLOAT_Sign; /* correct */
+  set->status&=DEC_Invalid_operation;	/* preserve only sNaN status */
+  set->status|=savestat;		/* restore pending flags */
+  set->round=saveround;			/* .. and mode */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatNextPlus */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatNextToward -- next towards a decFloat		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the next decFloat				      */
+/*   dfl    is the decFloat to start with			      */
+/*   dfr    is the decFloat to move toward			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This is 754r nextafter; status may be set unless the result is a   */
+/* normal number.						      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatNextToward(decFloat *result,
+			      const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+			      decContext *set) {
+  decFloat delta;			/* tiny increment or decrement */
+  decFloat pointone;			/* 1e-1 */
+  uInt	savestat;			/* saves status */
+  enum	rounding saveround;		/* .. and mode */
+  uInt	deltatop;			/* top word for delta */
+  Int	comp;				/* work */
+
+  if (DFISNAN(dfl) || DFISNAN(dfr)) return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+  /* Both are numeric, so Invalid no longer a possibility */
+  comp=decNumCompare(dfl, dfr, 0);
+  if (comp==0) return decFloatCopySign(result, dfl, dfr); /* equal */
+  /* unequal; do NextPlus or NextMinus but with different status rules */
+
+  if (comp<0) { /* lhs<rhs, do NextPlus, see above for commentary */
+    if (DFISINF(dfl) && DFISSIGNED(dfl)) {   /* -Infinity special case */
+      DFSETNMAX(result);
+      DFWORD(result, 0)|=DECFLOAT_Sign;
+      return result;
+      }
+    saveround=set->round;		     /* save mode */
+    set->round=DEC_ROUND_CEILING;	     /* .. round towards +Infinity */
+    deltatop=0;				     /* positive delta */
+    }
+   else { /* lhs>rhs, do NextMinus, see above for commentary */
+    if (DFISINF(dfl) && !DFISSIGNED(dfl)) {  /* +Infinity special case */
+      DFSETNMAX(result);
+      return result;
+      }
+    saveround=set->round;		     /* save mode */
+    set->round=DEC_ROUND_FLOOR;		     /* .. round towards -Infinity */
+    deltatop=DECFLOAT_Sign;		     /* negative delta */
+    }
+  savestat=set->status;			     /* save status */
+  /* Here, Inexact is needed where appropriate (and hence Underflow, */
+  /* etc.).  Therefore the tiny delta which is otherwise */
+  /* unrepresentable (see NextPlus and NextMinus) is constructed */
+  /* using the multiplication of FMA. */
+  decFloatZero(&delta);			/* set up tiny delta */
+  DFWORD(&delta, DECWORDS-1)=1;		/* coefficient=1 */
+  DFWORD(&delta, 0)=deltatop;		/* Sign + biased exponent=0 */
+  decFloatFromString(&pointone, "1E-1", set); /* set up multiplier */
+  decFloatFMA(result, &delta, &pointone, dfl, set);
+  /* [Delta is truly tiny, so no need to correct sign of zero] */
+  /* use new status unless the result is normal */
+  if (decFloatIsNormal(result)) set->status=savestat; /* else goes forward */
+  set->round=saveround;			/* restore mode */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatNextToward */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatOr -- logical digitwise OR of two decFloats		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of ORing dfl and dfr		      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result, which will be canonical with sign=0	      */
+/*								      */
+/* The operands must be positive, finite with exponent q=0, and	      */
+/* comprise just zeros and ones; if not, Invalid operation results.   */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatOr(decFloat *result,
+		       const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+		       decContext *set) {
+  if (!DFISUINT01(dfl) || !DFISUINT01(dfr)
+   || !DFISCC01(dfl)   || !DFISCC01(dfr)) return decInvalid(result, set);
+  /* the operands are positive finite integers (q=0) with just 0s and 1s */
+  #if DOUBLE
+   DFWORD(result, 0)=ZEROWORD
+		   |((DFWORD(dfl, 0) | DFWORD(dfr, 0))&0x04009124);
+   DFWORD(result, 1)=(DFWORD(dfl, 1) | DFWORD(dfr, 1))&0x49124491;
+  #elif QUAD
+   DFWORD(result, 0)=ZEROWORD
+		   |((DFWORD(dfl, 0) | DFWORD(dfr, 0))&0x04000912);
+   DFWORD(result, 1)=(DFWORD(dfl, 1) | DFWORD(dfr, 1))&0x44912449;
+   DFWORD(result, 2)=(DFWORD(dfl, 2) | DFWORD(dfr, 2))&0x12449124;
+   DFWORD(result, 3)=(DFWORD(dfl, 3) | DFWORD(dfr, 3))&0x49124491;
+  #endif
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatOr */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatPlus -- add value to 0, heeding NaNs, etc.		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the canonicalized 0+df				      */
+/*   df	    is the decFloat to plus				      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This has the same effect as 0+df where the exponent of the zero is */
+/* the same as that of df (if df is finite).			      */
+/* The effect is also the same as decFloatCopy except that NaNs	      */
+/* are handled normally (the sign of a NaN is not affected, and an    */
+/* sNaN will signal), the result is canonical, and zero gets sign 0.  */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatPlus(decFloat *result, const decFloat *df,
+			decContext *set) {
+  if (DFISNAN(df)) return decNaNs(result, df, NULL, set);
+  decCanonical(result, df);			  /* copy and check */
+  if (DFISZERO(df)) DFBYTE(result, 0)&=~0x80;	  /* turn off sign bit */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatPlus */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatQuantize -- quantize a decFloat			      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of quantizing dfl to match dfr	      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs), which sets the exponent     */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* Unless there is an error or the result is infinite, the exponent   */
+/* of result is guaranteed to be the same as that of dfr.	      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatQuantize(decFloat *result,
+			    const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+			    decContext *set) {
+  Int	explb, exprb;	      /* left and right biased exponents */
+  uByte *ulsd;		      /* local LSD pointer */
+  uInt	*ui;		      /* work */
+  uByte *ub;		      /* .. */
+  Int	drop;		      /* .. */
+  uInt	dpd;		      /* .. */
+  uInt	encode;		      /* encoding accumulator */
+  uInt	sourhil, sourhir;     /* top words from source decFloats */
+  /* the following buffer holds the coefficient for manipulation */
+  uByte buf[4+DECPMAX*3];     /* + space for zeros to left or right */
+  #if DECTRACE
+  bcdnum num;		      /* for trace displays */
+  #endif
+
+  /* Start decoding the arguments */
+  sourhil=DFWORD(dfl, 0);	   /* LHS top word */
+  explb=DECCOMBEXP[sourhil>>26];   /* get exponent high bits (in place) */
+  sourhir=DFWORD(dfr, 0);	   /* RHS top word */
+  exprb=DECCOMBEXP[sourhir>>26];
+
+  if (EXPISSPECIAL(explb | exprb)) { /* either is special? */
+    /* NaNs are handled as usual */
+    if (DFISNAN(dfl) || DFISNAN(dfr)) return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+    /* one infinity but not both is bad */
+    if (DFISINF(dfl)!=DFISINF(dfr)) return decInvalid(result, set);
+    /* both infinite; return canonical infinity with sign of LHS */
+    return decInfinity(result, dfl);
+    }
+
+  /* Here when both arguments are finite */
+  /* complete extraction of the exponents [no need to unbias] */
+  explb+=GETECON(dfl);		   /* + continuation */
+  exprb+=GETECON(dfr);		   /* .. */
+
+  /* calculate the number of digits to drop from the coefficient */
+  drop=exprb-explb;		   /* 0 if nothing to do */
+  if (drop==0) return decCanonical(result, dfl); /* return canonical */
+
+  /* the coefficient is needed; lay it out into buf, offset so zeros */
+  /* can be added before or after as needed -- an extra heading is */
+  /* added so can safely pad Quad DECPMAX-1 zeros to the left by */
+  /* fours */
+  #define BUFOFF (buf+4+DECPMAX)
+  GETCOEFF(dfl, BUFOFF);	   /* decode from decFloat */
+  /* [now the msd is at BUFOFF and the lsd is at BUFOFF+DECPMAX-1] */
+
+  #if DECTRACE
+  num.msd=BUFOFF;
+  num.lsd=BUFOFF+DECPMAX-1;
+  num.exponent=explb-DECBIAS;
+  num.sign=sourhil & DECFLOAT_Sign;
+  decShowNum(&num, "dfl");
+  #endif
+
+  if (drop>0) {				/* [most common case] */
+    /* (this code is very similar to that in decFloatFinalize, but */
+    /* has many differences so is duplicated here -- so any changes */
+    /* may need to be made there, too) */
+    uByte *roundat;			     /* -> re-round digit */
+    uByte reround;			     /* reround value */
+    /* printf("Rounding; drop=%ld\n", (LI)drop); */
+
+    /* there is at least one zero needed to the left, in all but one */
+    /* exceptional (all-nines) case, so place four zeros now; this is */
+    /* needed almost always and makes rounding all-nines by fours safe */
+    UINTAT(BUFOFF-4)=0;
+
+    /* Three cases here: */
+    /*	 1. new LSD is in coefficient (almost always) */
+    /*	 2. new LSD is digit to left of coefficient (so MSD is */
+    /*	    round-for-reround digit) */
+    /*	 3. new LSD is to left of case 2 (whole coefficient is sticky) */
+    /* Note that leading zeros can safely be treated as useful digits */
+
+    /* [duplicate check-stickies code to save a test] */
+    /* [by-digit check for stickies as runs of zeros are rare] */
+    if (drop<DECPMAX) {			     /* NB lengths not addresses */
+      roundat=BUFOFF+DECPMAX-drop;
+      reround=*roundat;
+      for (ub=roundat+1; ub<BUFOFF+DECPMAX; ub++) {
+	if (*ub!=0) {			     /* non-zero to be discarded */
+	  reround=DECSTICKYTAB[reround];     /* apply sticky bit */
+	  break;			     /* [remainder don't-care] */
+	  }
+	} /* check stickies */
+      ulsd=roundat-1;			     /* set LSD */
+      }
+     else {				     /* edge case */
+      if (drop==DECPMAX) {
+	roundat=BUFOFF;
+	reround=*roundat;
+	}
+       else {
+	roundat=BUFOFF-1;
+	reround=0;
+	}
+      for (ub=roundat+1; ub<BUFOFF+DECPMAX; ub++) {
+	if (*ub!=0) {			     /* non-zero to be discarded */
+	  reround=DECSTICKYTAB[reround];     /* apply sticky bit */
+	  break;			     /* [remainder don't-care] */
+	  }
+	} /* check stickies */
+      *BUFOFF=0;			     /* make a coefficient of 0 */
+      ulsd=BUFOFF;			     /* .. at the MSD place */
+      }
+
+    if (reround!=0) {			     /* discarding non-zero */
+      uInt bump=0;
+      set->status|=DEC_Inexact;
+
+      /* next decide whether to increment the coefficient */
+      if (set->round==DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN) { /* fastpath slowest case */
+	if (reround>5) bump=1;		     /* >0.5 goes up */
+	 else if (reround==5)		     /* exactly 0.5000 .. */
+	  bump=*ulsd & 0x01;		     /* .. up iff [new] lsd is odd */
+	} /* r-h-e */
+       else switch (set->round) {
+	case DEC_ROUND_DOWN: {
+	  /* no change */
+	  break;} /* r-d */
+	case DEC_ROUND_HALF_DOWN: {
+	  if (reround>5) bump=1;
+	  break;} /* r-h-d */
+	case DEC_ROUND_HALF_UP: {
+	  if (reround>=5) bump=1;
+	  break;} /* r-h-u */
+	case DEC_ROUND_UP: {
+	  if (reround>0) bump=1;
+	  break;} /* r-u */
+	case DEC_ROUND_CEILING: {
+	  /* same as _UP for positive numbers, and as _DOWN for negatives */
+	  if (!(sourhil&DECFLOAT_Sign) && reround>0) bump=1;
+	  break;} /* r-c */
+	case DEC_ROUND_FLOOR: {
+	  /* same as _UP for negative numbers, and as _DOWN for positive */
+	  /* [negative reround cannot occur on 0] */
+	  if (sourhil&DECFLOAT_Sign && reround>0) bump=1;
+	  break;} /* r-f */
+	case DEC_ROUND_05UP: {
+	  if (reround>0) { /* anything out there is 'sticky' */
+	    /* bump iff lsd=0 or 5; this cannot carry so it could be */
+	    /* effected immediately with no bump -- but the code */
+	    /* is clearer if this is done the same way as the others */
+	    if (*ulsd==0 || *ulsd==5) bump=1;
+	    }
+	  break;} /* r-r */
+	default: {	/* e.g., DEC_ROUND_MAX */
+	  set->status|=DEC_Invalid_context;
+	  #if DECCHECK
+	  printf("Unknown rounding mode: %ld\n", (LI)set->round);
+	  #endif
+	  break;}
+	} /* switch (not r-h-e) */
+      /* printf("ReRound: %ld  bump: %ld\n", (LI)reround, (LI)bump); */
+
+      if (bump!=0) {			     /* need increment */
+	/* increment the coefficient; this could give 1000... (after */
+	/* the all nines case) */
+	ub=ulsd;
+	for (; UINTAT(ub-3)==0x09090909; ub-=4) UINTAT(ub-3)=0;
+	/* now at most 3 digits left to non-9 (usually just the one) */
+	for (; *ub==9; ub--) *ub=0;
+	*ub+=1;
+	/* [the all-nines case will have carried one digit to the */
+	/* left of the original MSD -- just where it is needed] */
+	} /* bump needed */
+      } /* inexact rounding */
+
+    /* now clear zeros to the left so exactly DECPMAX digits will be */
+    /* available in the coefficent -- the first word to the left was */
+    /* cleared earlier for safe carry; now add any more needed */
+    if (drop>4) {
+      UINTAT(BUFOFF-8)=0;		     /* must be at least 5 */
+      for (ui=&UINTAT(BUFOFF-12); ui>&UINTAT(ulsd-DECPMAX-3); ui--) *ui=0;
+      }
+    } /* need round (drop>0) */
+
+   else { /* drop<0; padding with -drop digits is needed */
+    /* This is the case where an error can occur if the padded */
+    /* coefficient will not fit; checking for this can be done in the */
+    /* same loop as padding for zeros if the no-hope and zero cases */
+    /* are checked first */
+    if (-drop>DECPMAX-1) {		     /* cannot fit unless 0 */
+      if (!ISCOEFFZERO(BUFOFF)) return decInvalid(result, set);
+      /* a zero can have any exponent; just drop through and use it */
+      ulsd=BUFOFF+DECPMAX-1;
+      }
+     else { /* padding will fit (but may still be too long) */
+      /* final-word mask depends on endianess */
+      #if DECLITEND
+      static const uInt dmask[]={0, 0x000000ff, 0x0000ffff, 0x00ffffff};
+      #else
+      static const uInt dmask[]={0, 0xff000000, 0xffff0000, 0xffffff00};
+      #endif
+      for (ui=&UINTAT(BUFOFF+DECPMAX);; ui++) {
+	*ui=0;
+	if (UINTAT(&UBYTEAT(ui)-DECPMAX)!=0) { /* could be bad */
+	  /* if all four digits should be zero, definitely bad */
+	  if (ui<=&UINTAT(BUFOFF+DECPMAX+(-drop)-4))
+	    return decInvalid(result, set);
+	  /* must be a 1- to 3-digit sequence; check more carefully */
+	  if ((UINTAT(&UBYTEAT(ui)-DECPMAX)&dmask[(-drop)%4])!=0)
+	    return decInvalid(result, set);
+	  break;    /* no need for loop end test */
+	  }
+	if (ui>=&UINTAT(BUFOFF+DECPMAX+(-drop)-4)) break; /* done */
+	}
+      ulsd=BUFOFF+DECPMAX+(-drop)-1;
+      } /* pad and check leading zeros */
+    } /* drop<0 */
+
+  #if DECTRACE
+  num.msd=ulsd-DECPMAX+1;
+  num.lsd=ulsd;
+  num.exponent=explb-DECBIAS;
+  num.sign=sourhil & DECFLOAT_Sign;
+  decShowNum(&num, "res");
+  #endif
+
+  /*------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+  /* At this point the result is DECPMAX digits, ending at ulsd, so   */
+  /* fits the encoding exactly; there is no possibility of error      */
+  /*------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+  encode=((exprb>>DECECONL)<<4) + *(ulsd-DECPMAX+1); /* make index */
+  encode=DECCOMBFROM[encode];		     /* indexed by (0-2)*16+msd */
+  /* the exponent continuation can be extracted from the original RHS */
+  encode|=sourhir & ECONMASK;
+  encode|=sourhil&DECFLOAT_Sign;	     /* add the sign from LHS */
+
+  /* finally encode the coefficient */
+  /* private macro to encode a declet; this version can be used */
+  /* because all coefficient digits exist */
+  #define getDPD3q(dpd, n) ub=ulsd-(3*(n))-2;			\
+    dpd=BCD2DPD[(*ub*256)+(*(ub+1)*16)+*(ub+2)];
+
+  #if DOUBLE
+    getDPD3q(dpd, 4); encode|=dpd<<8;
+    getDPD3q(dpd, 3); encode|=dpd>>2;
+    DFWORD(result, 0)=encode;
+    encode=dpd<<30;
+    getDPD3q(dpd, 2); encode|=dpd<<20;
+    getDPD3q(dpd, 1); encode|=dpd<<10;
+    getDPD3q(dpd, 0); encode|=dpd;
+    DFWORD(result, 1)=encode;
+
+  #elif QUAD
+    getDPD3q(dpd,10); encode|=dpd<<4;
+    getDPD3q(dpd, 9); encode|=dpd>>6;
+    DFWORD(result, 0)=encode;
+    encode=dpd<<26;
+    getDPD3q(dpd, 8); encode|=dpd<<16;
+    getDPD3q(dpd, 7); encode|=dpd<<6;
+    getDPD3q(dpd, 6); encode|=dpd>>4;
+    DFWORD(result, 1)=encode;
+    encode=dpd<<28;
+    getDPD3q(dpd, 5); encode|=dpd<<18;
+    getDPD3q(dpd, 4); encode|=dpd<<8;
+    getDPD3q(dpd, 3); encode|=dpd>>2;
+    DFWORD(result, 2)=encode;
+    encode=dpd<<30;
+    getDPD3q(dpd, 2); encode|=dpd<<20;
+    getDPD3q(dpd, 1); encode|=dpd<<10;
+    getDPD3q(dpd, 0); encode|=dpd;
+    DFWORD(result, 3)=encode;
+  #endif
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatQuantize */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatReduce -- reduce finite coefficient to minimum length      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the reduced decFloat				      */
+/*   df	    is the source decFloat				      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result, which will be canonical			      */
+/*								      */
+/* This removes all possible trailing zeros from the coefficient;     */
+/* some may remain when the number is very close to Nmax.	      */
+/* Special values are unchanged and no status is set unless df=sNaN.  */
+/* Reduced zero has an exponent q=0.				      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatReduce(decFloat *result, const decFloat *df,
+			  decContext *set) {
+  bcdnum num;				/* work */
+  uByte buf[DECPMAX], *ub;		/* coefficient and pointer */
+  if (df!=result) *result=*df;		/* copy, if needed */
+  if (DFISNAN(df)) return decNaNs(result, df, NULL, set);   /* sNaN */
+  /* zeros and infinites propagate too */
+  if (DFISINF(df)) return decInfinity(result, df);     /* canonical */
+  if (DFISZERO(df)) {
+    uInt sign=DFWORD(df, 0)&DECFLOAT_Sign;
+    decFloatZero(result);
+    DFWORD(result, 0)|=sign;
+    return result;			/* exponent dropped, sign OK */
+    }
+  /* non-zero finite */
+  GETCOEFF(df, buf);
+  ub=buf+DECPMAX-1;			/* -> lsd */
+  if (*ub) return result;		/* no trailing zeros */
+  for (ub--; *ub==0;) ub--;		/* terminates because non-zero */
+  /* *ub is the first non-zero from the right */
+  num.sign=DFWORD(df, 0)&DECFLOAT_Sign; /* set up number... */
+  num.exponent=GETEXPUN(df)+(Int)(buf+DECPMAX-1-ub); /* adjusted exponent */
+  num.msd=buf;
+  num.lsd=ub;
+  return decFinalize(result, &num, set);
+  } /* decFloatReduce */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatRemainder -- integer divide and return remainder	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the remainder of dividing dfl by dfr:		      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatRemainder(decFloat *result,
+			     const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+			     decContext *set) {
+  return decDivide(result, dfl, dfr, set, REMAINDER);
+  } /* decFloatRemainder */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatRemainderNear -- integer divide to nearest and remainder   */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the remainder of dividing dfl by dfr:		      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This is the IEEE remainder, where the nearest integer is used.     */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatRemainderNear(decFloat *result,
+			     const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+			     decContext *set) {
+  return decDivide(result, dfl, dfr, set, REMNEAR);
+  } /* decFloatRemainderNear */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatRotate -- rotate the coefficient of a decFloat left/right  */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of rotating dfl			      */
+/*   dfl    is the source decFloat to rotate			      */
+/*   dfr    is the count of digits to rotate, an integer (with q=0)   */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* The digits of the coefficient of dfl are rotated to the left (if   */
+/* dfr is positive) or to the right (if dfr is negative) without      */
+/* adjusting the exponent or the sign of dfl.			      */
+/*								      */
+/* dfr must be in the range -DECPMAX through +DECPMAX.		      */
+/* NaNs are propagated as usual.  An infinite dfl is unaffected (but  */
+/* dfr must be valid).	No status is set unless dfr is invalid or an  */
+/* operand is an sNaN.	The result is canonical.		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+#define PHALF (ROUNDUP(DECPMAX/2, 4))	/* half length, rounded up */
+decFloat * decFloatRotate(decFloat *result,
+			 const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+			 decContext *set) {
+  Int rotate;				/* dfr as an Int */
+  uByte buf[DECPMAX+PHALF];		/* coefficient + half */
+  uInt digits, savestat;		/* work */
+  bcdnum num;				/* .. */
+  uByte *ub;				/* .. */
+
+  if (DFISNAN(dfl)||DFISNAN(dfr)) return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+  if (!DFISINT(dfr)) return decInvalid(result, set);
+  digits=decFloatDigits(dfr);			 /* calculate digits */
+  if (digits>2) return decInvalid(result, set);	 /* definitely out of range */
+  rotate=DPD2BIN[DFWORD(dfr, DECWORDS-1)&0x3ff]; /* is in bottom declet */
+  if (rotate>DECPMAX) return decInvalid(result, set); /* too big */
+  /* [from here on no error or status change is possible] */
+  if (DFISINF(dfl)) return decInfinity(result, dfl);  /* canonical */
+  /* handle no-rotate cases */
+  if (rotate==0 || rotate==DECPMAX) return decCanonical(result, dfl);
+  /* a real rotate is needed: 0 < rotate < DECPMAX */
+  /* reduce the rotation to no more than half to reduce copying later */
+  /* (for QUAD in fact half + 2 digits) */
+  if (DFISSIGNED(dfr)) rotate=-rotate;
+  if (abs(rotate)>PHALF) {
+    if (rotate<0) rotate=DECPMAX+rotate;
+     else rotate=rotate-DECPMAX;
+    }
+  /* now lay out the coefficient, leaving room to the right or the */
+  /* left depending on the direction of rotation */
+  ub=buf;
+  if (rotate<0) ub+=PHALF;    /* rotate right, so space to left */
+  GETCOEFF(dfl, ub);
+  /* copy half the digits to left or right, and set num.msd */
+  if (rotate<0) {
+    memcpy(buf, buf+DECPMAX, PHALF);
+    num.msd=buf+PHALF+rotate;
+    }
+   else {
+    memcpy(buf+DECPMAX, buf, PHALF);
+    num.msd=buf+rotate;
+    }
+  /* fill in rest of num */
+  num.lsd=num.msd+DECPMAX-1;
+  num.sign=DFWORD(dfl, 0)&DECFLOAT_Sign;
+  num.exponent=GETEXPUN(dfl);
+  savestat=set->status;			/* record */
+  decFinalize(result, &num, set);
+  set->status=savestat;			/* restore */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatRotate */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatSameQuantum -- test decFloats for same quantum	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   returns 1 if the operands have the same quantum, 0 otherwise     */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible and no status results.			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+uInt decFloatSameQuantum(const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr) {
+  if (DFISSPECIAL(dfl) || DFISSPECIAL(dfr)) {
+    if (DFISNAN(dfl) && DFISNAN(dfr)) return 1;
+    if (DFISINF(dfl) && DFISINF(dfr)) return 1;
+    return 0;  /* any other special mixture gives false */
+    }
+  if (GETEXP(dfl)==GETEXP(dfr)) return 1; /* biased exponents match */
+  return 0;
+  } /* decFloatSameQuantum */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatScaleB -- multiply by a power of 10, as per 754r	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of the operation			      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs), am integer (with q=0)	      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This computes result=dfl x 10**dfr where dfr is an integer in the  */
+/* range +/-2*(emax+pmax), typically resulting from LogB.	      */
+/* Underflow and Overflow (with Inexact) may occur.  NaNs propagate   */
+/* as usual.							      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+#define SCALEBMAX 2*(DECEMAX+DECPMAX)	/* D=800, Q=12356 */
+decFloat * decFloatScaleB(decFloat *result,
+			  const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+			  decContext *set) {
+  uInt digits;				/* work */
+  Int  expr;				/* dfr as an Int */
+
+  if (DFISNAN(dfl)||DFISNAN(dfr)) return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+  if (!DFISINT(dfr)) return decInvalid(result, set);
+  digits=decFloatDigits(dfr);		     /* calculate digits */
+
+  #if DOUBLE
+  if (digits>3) return decInvalid(result, set);	  /* definitely out of range */
+  expr=DPD2BIN[DFWORD(dfr, 1)&0x3ff];		  /* must be in bottom declet */
+  #elif QUAD
+  if (digits>5) return decInvalid(result, set);	  /* definitely out of range */
+  expr=DPD2BIN[DFWORD(dfr, 3)&0x3ff]		  /* in bottom 2 declets .. */
+      +DPD2BIN[(DFWORD(dfr, 3)>>10)&0x3ff]*1000;  /* .. */
+  #endif
+  if (expr>SCALEBMAX) return decInvalid(result, set);  /* oops */
+  /* [from now on no error possible] */
+  if (DFISINF(dfl)) return decInfinity(result, dfl);   /* canonical */
+  if (DFISSIGNED(dfr)) expr=-expr;
+  /* dfl is finite and expr is valid */
+  *result=*dfl;				     /* copy to target */
+  return decFloatSetExponent(result, set, GETEXPUN(result)+expr);
+  } /* decFloatScaleB */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatShift -- shift the coefficient of a decFloat left or right */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of shifting dfl			      */
+/*   dfl    is the source decFloat to shift			      */
+/*   dfr    is the count of digits to shift, an integer (with q=0)    */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* The digits of the coefficient of dfl are shifted to the left (if   */
+/* dfr is positive) or to the right (if dfr is negative) without      */
+/* adjusting the exponent or the sign of dfl.			      */
+/*								      */
+/* dfr must be in the range -DECPMAX through +DECPMAX.		      */
+/* NaNs are propagated as usual.  An infinite dfl is unaffected (but  */
+/* dfr must be valid).	No status is set unless dfr is invalid or an  */
+/* operand is an sNaN.	The result is canonical.		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatShift(decFloat *result,
+			 const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+			 decContext *set) {
+  Int shift;				/* dfr as an Int */
+  uByte buf[DECPMAX*2];			/* coefficient + padding */
+  uInt digits, savestat;		/* work */
+  bcdnum num;				/* .. */
+
+  if (DFISNAN(dfl)||DFISNAN(dfr)) return decNaNs(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+  if (!DFISINT(dfr)) return decInvalid(result, set);
+  digits=decFloatDigits(dfr);			  /* calculate digits */
+  if (digits>2) return decInvalid(result, set);	  /* definitely out of range */
+  shift=DPD2BIN[DFWORD(dfr, DECWORDS-1)&0x3ff];	  /* is in bottom declet */
+  if (shift>DECPMAX) return decInvalid(result, set);   /* too big */
+  /* [from here on no error or status change is possible] */
+
+  if (DFISINF(dfl)) return decInfinity(result, dfl); /* canonical */
+  /* handle no-shift and all-shift (clear to zero) cases */
+  if (shift==0) return decCanonical(result, dfl);
+  if (shift==DECPMAX) {			     /* zero with sign */
+    uByte sign=(uByte)(DFBYTE(dfl, 0)&0x80); /* save sign bit */
+    decFloatZero(result);		     /* make +0 */
+    DFBYTE(result, 0)=(uByte)(DFBYTE(result, 0)|sign); /* and set sign */
+    /* [cannot safely use CopySign] */
+    return result;
+    }
+  /* a real shift is needed: 0 < shift < DECPMAX */
+  num.sign=DFWORD(dfl, 0)&DECFLOAT_Sign;
+  num.exponent=GETEXPUN(dfl);
+  num.msd=buf;
+  GETCOEFF(dfl, buf);
+  if (DFISSIGNED(dfr)) { /* shift right */
+    /* edge cases are taken care of, so this is easy */
+    num.lsd=buf+DECPMAX-shift-1;
+    }
+   else { /* shift left -- zero padding needed to right */
+    UINTAT(buf+DECPMAX)=0;		/* 8 will handle most cases */
+    UINTAT(buf+DECPMAX+4)=0;		/* .. */
+    if (shift>8) memset(buf+DECPMAX+8, 0, 8+QUAD*18); /* all other cases */
+    num.msd+=shift;
+    num.lsd=num.msd+DECPMAX-1;
+    }
+  savestat=set->status;			/* record */
+  decFinalize(result, &num, set);
+  set->status=savestat;			/* restore */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatShift */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatSubtract -- subtract a decFloat from another		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of subtracting dfr from dfl:	      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatSubtract(decFloat *result,
+			    const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+			    decContext *set) {
+  decFloat temp;
+  /* NaNs must propagate without sign change */
+  if (DFISNAN(dfr)) return decFloatAdd(result, dfl, dfr, set);
+  temp=*dfr;				       /* make a copy */
+  DFBYTE(&temp, 0)^=0x80;		       /* flip sign */
+  return decFloatAdd(result, dfl, &temp, set); /* and add to the lhs */
+  } /* decFloatSubtract */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatToInt -- round to 32-bit binary integer (4 flavours)	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   df	   is the decFloat to round				      */
+/*   set   is the context					      */
+/*   round is the rounding mode to use				      */
+/*   returns a uInt or an Int, rounded according to the name	      */
+/*								      */
+/* Invalid will always be signaled if df is a NaN, is Infinite, or is */
+/* outside the range of the target; Inexact will not be signaled for  */
+/* simple rounding unless 'Exact' appears in the name.		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+uInt decFloatToUInt32(const decFloat *df, decContext *set,
+		      enum rounding round) {
+  return decToInt32(df, set, round, 0, 1);}
+
+uInt decFloatToUInt32Exact(const decFloat *df, decContext *set,
+			   enum rounding round) {
+  return decToInt32(df, set, round, 1, 1);}
+
+Int decFloatToInt32(const decFloat *df, decContext *set,
+		    enum rounding round) {
+  return (Int)decToInt32(df, set, round, 0, 0);}
+
+Int decFloatToInt32Exact(const decFloat *df, decContext *set,
+			 enum rounding round) {
+  return (Int)decToInt32(df, set, round, 1, 0);}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatToIntegral -- round to integral value (two flavours)	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result					      */
+/*   df	    is the decFloat to round				      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   round  is the rounding mode to use				      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* No exceptions, even Inexact, are raised except for sNaN input, or  */
+/* if 'Exact' appears in the name.				      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatToIntegralValue(decFloat *result, const decFloat *df,
+				   decContext *set, enum rounding round) {
+  return decToIntegral(result, df, set, round, 0);}
+
+decFloat * decFloatToIntegralExact(decFloat *result, const decFloat *df,
+				   decContext *set) {
+  return decToIntegral(result, df, set, set->round, 1);}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatXor -- logical digitwise XOR of two decFloats	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of XORing dfl and dfr		      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs)			      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result, which will be canonical with sign=0	      */
+/*								      */
+/* The operands must be positive, finite with exponent q=0, and	      */
+/* comprise just zeros and ones; if not, Invalid operation results.   */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatXor(decFloat *result,
+		       const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+		       decContext *set) {
+  if (!DFISUINT01(dfl) || !DFISUINT01(dfr)
+   || !DFISCC01(dfl)   || !DFISCC01(dfr)) return decInvalid(result, set);
+  /* the operands are positive finite integers (q=0) with just 0s and 1s */
+  #if DOUBLE
+   DFWORD(result, 0)=ZEROWORD
+		   |((DFWORD(dfl, 0) ^ DFWORD(dfr, 0))&0x04009124);
+   DFWORD(result, 1)=(DFWORD(dfl, 1) ^ DFWORD(dfr, 1))&0x49124491;
+  #elif QUAD
+   DFWORD(result, 0)=ZEROWORD
+		   |((DFWORD(dfl, 0) ^ DFWORD(dfr, 0))&0x04000912);
+   DFWORD(result, 1)=(DFWORD(dfl, 1) ^ DFWORD(dfr, 1))&0x44912449;
+   DFWORD(result, 2)=(DFWORD(dfl, 2) ^ DFWORD(dfr, 2))&0x12449124;
+   DFWORD(result, 3)=(DFWORD(dfl, 3) ^ DFWORD(dfr, 3))&0x49124491;
+  #endif
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatXor */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decInvalid -- set Invalid_operation result			      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets a canonical NaN				      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* status has Invalid_operation added				      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+static decFloat *decInvalid(decFloat *result, decContext *set) {
+  decFloatZero(result);
+  DFWORD(result, 0)=DECFLOAT_qNaN;
+  set->status|=DEC_Invalid_operation;
+  return result;
+  } /* decInvalid */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decInfinity -- set canonical Infinity with sign from a decFloat    */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets a canonical Infinity				      */
+/*   df	    is source decFloat (only the sign is used)		      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* df may be the same as result					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+static decFloat *decInfinity(decFloat *result, const decFloat *df) {
+  uInt sign=DFWORD(df, 0);	   /* save source signword */
+  decFloatZero(result);		   /* clear everything */
+  DFWORD(result, 0)=DECFLOAT_Inf | (sign & DECFLOAT_Sign);
+  return result;
+  } /* decInfinity */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decNaNs -- handle NaN argument(s)				      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result of handling dfl and dfr, one or both of   */
+/*	    which is a NaN					      */
+/*   dfl    is the first decFloat (lhs)				      */
+/*   dfr    is the second decFloat (rhs) -- may be NULL for a single- */
+/*	    operand operation					      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* Called when one or both operands is a NaN, and propagates the      */
+/* appropriate result to res.  When an sNaN is found, it is changed   */
+/* to a qNaN and Invalid operation is set.			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+static decFloat *decNaNs(decFloat *result,
+			 const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr,
+			 decContext *set) {
+  /* handle sNaNs first */
+  if (dfr!=NULL && DFISSNAN(dfr) && !DFISSNAN(dfl)) dfl=dfr; /* use RHS */
+  if (DFISSNAN(dfl)) {
+    decCanonical(result, dfl);		/* propagate canonical sNaN */
+    DFWORD(result, 0)&=~(DECFLOAT_qNaN ^ DECFLOAT_sNaN); /* quiet */
+    set->status|=DEC_Invalid_operation;
+    return result;
+    }
+  /* one or both is a quiet NaN */
+  if (!DFISNAN(dfl)) dfl=dfr;		/* RHS must be NaN, use it */
+  return decCanonical(result, dfl);	/* propagate canonical qNaN */
+  } /* decNaNs */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decNumCompare -- numeric comparison of two decFloats		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   dfl    is the left-hand decFloat, which is not a NaN	      */
+/*   dfr    is the right-hand decFloat, which is not a NaN	      */
+/*   tot    is 1 for total order compare, 0 for simple numeric	      */
+/*   returns -1, 0, or +1 for dfl<dfr, dfl=dfr, dfl>dfr		      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible; status and mode are unchanged.		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+static Int decNumCompare(const decFloat *dfl, const decFloat *dfr, Flag tot) {
+  Int	sigl, sigr;			/* LHS and RHS non-0 signums */
+  Int	shift;				/* shift needed to align operands */
+  uByte *ub, *uc;			/* work */
+  /* buffers +2 if Quad (36 digits), need double plus 4 for safe padding */
+  uByte bufl[DECPMAX*2+QUAD*2+4];	/* for LHS coefficient + padding */
+  uByte bufr[DECPMAX*2+QUAD*2+4];	/* for RHS coefficient + padding */
+
+  sigl=1;
+  if (DFISSIGNED(dfl)) {
+    if (!DFISSIGNED(dfr)) {		/* -LHS +RHS */
+      if (DFISZERO(dfl) && DFISZERO(dfr) && !tot) return 0;
+      return -1;			/* RHS wins */
+      }
+    sigl=-1;
+    }
+  if (DFISSIGNED(dfr)) {
+    if (!DFISSIGNED(dfl)) {		/* +LHS -RHS */
+      if (DFISZERO(dfl) && DFISZERO(dfr) && !tot) return 0;
+      return +1;			/* LHS wins */
+      }
+    }
+
+  /* signs are the same; operand(s) could be zero */
+  sigr=-sigl;				/* sign to return if abs(RHS) wins */
+
+  if (DFISINF(dfl)) {
+    if (DFISINF(dfr)) return 0;		/* both infinite & same sign */
+    return sigl;			/* inf > n */
+    }
+  if (DFISINF(dfr)) return sigr;	/* n < inf [dfl is finite] */
+
+  /* here, both are same sign and finite; calculate their offset */
+  shift=GETEXP(dfl)-GETEXP(dfr);	/* [0 means aligned] */
+  /* [bias can be ignored -- the absolute exponent is not relevant] */
+
+  if (DFISZERO(dfl)) {
+    if (!DFISZERO(dfr)) return sigr;	/* LHS=0, RHS!=0 */
+    /* both are zero, return 0 if both same exponent or numeric compare */
+    if (shift==0 || !tot) return 0;
+    if (shift>0) return sigl;
+    return sigr;			/* [shift<0] */
+    }
+   else {				/* LHS!=0 */
+    if (DFISZERO(dfr)) return sigl;	/* LHS!=0, RHS=0 */
+    }
+  /* both are known to be non-zero at this point */
+
+  /* if the exponents are so different that the coefficients do not */
+  /* overlap (by even one digit) then a full comparison is not needed */
+  if (abs(shift)>=DECPMAX) {		/* no overlap */
+    /* coefficients are known to be non-zero */
+    if (shift>0) return sigl;
+    return sigr;			/* [shift<0] */
+    }
+
+  /* decode the coefficients */
+  /* (shift both right two if Quad to make a multiple of four) */
+  #if QUAD
+    UINTAT(bufl)=0;
+    UINTAT(bufr)=0;
+  #endif
+  GETCOEFF(dfl, bufl+QUAD*2);		/* decode from decFloat */
+  GETCOEFF(dfr, bufr+QUAD*2);		/* .. */
+  if (shift==0) {			/* aligned; common and easy */
+    /* all multiples of four, here */
+    for (ub=bufl, uc=bufr; ub<bufl+DECPMAX+QUAD*2; ub+=4, uc+=4) {
+      if (UINTAT(ub)==UINTAT(uc)) continue; /* so far so same */
+      /* about to find a winner; go by bytes in case little-endian */
+      for (;; ub++, uc++) {
+	if (*ub>*uc) return sigl;	/* difference found */
+	if (*ub<*uc) return sigr;	/* .. */
+	}
+      }
+    } /* aligned */
+   else if (shift>0) {			/* lhs to left */
+    ub=bufl;				/* RHS pointer */
+    /* pad bufl so right-aligned; most shifts will fit in 8 */
+    UINTAT(bufl+DECPMAX+QUAD*2)=0;	/* add eight zeros */
+    UINTAT(bufl+DECPMAX+QUAD*2+4)=0;	/* .. */
+    if (shift>8) {
+      /* more than eight; fill the rest, and also worth doing the */
+      /* lead-in by fours */
+      uByte *up;			 /* work */
+      uByte *upend=bufl+DECPMAX+QUAD*2+shift;
+      for (up=bufl+DECPMAX+QUAD*2+8; up<upend; up+=4) UINTAT(up)=0;
+      /* [pads up to 36 in all for Quad] */
+      for (;; ub+=4) {
+	if (UINTAT(ub)!=0) return sigl;
+	if (ub+4>bufl+shift-4) break;
+	}
+      }
+    /* check remaining leading digits */
+    for (; ub<bufl+shift; ub++) if (*ub!=0) return sigl;
+    /* now start the overlapped part; bufl has been padded, so the */
+    /* comparison can go for the full length of bufr, which is a */
+    /* multiple of 4 bytes */
+    for (uc=bufr; ; uc+=4, ub+=4) {
+      if (UINTAT(uc)!=UINTAT(ub)) {	/* mismatch found */
+	for (;; uc++, ub++) {		/* check from left [little-endian?] */
+	  if (*ub>*uc) return sigl;	/* difference found */
+	  if (*ub<*uc) return sigr;	/* .. */
+	  }
+	} /* mismatch */
+      if (uc==bufr+QUAD*2+DECPMAX-4) break; /* all checked */
+      }
+    } /* shift>0 */
+
+   else { /* shift<0) .. RHS is to left of LHS; mirror shift>0 */
+    uc=bufr;				/* RHS pointer */
+    /* pad bufr so right-aligned; most shifts will fit in 8 */
+    UINTAT(bufr+DECPMAX+QUAD*2)=0;	/* add eight zeros */
+    UINTAT(bufr+DECPMAX+QUAD*2+4)=0;	/* .. */
+    if (shift<-8) {
+      /* more than eight; fill the rest, and also worth doing the */
+      /* lead-in by fours */
+      uByte *up;			 /* work */
+      uByte *upend=bufr+DECPMAX+QUAD*2-shift;
+      for (up=bufr+DECPMAX+QUAD*2+8; up<upend; up+=4) UINTAT(up)=0;
+      /* [pads up to 36 in all for Quad] */
+      for (;; uc+=4) {
+	if (UINTAT(uc)!=0) return sigr;
+	if (uc+4>bufr-shift-4) break;
+	}
+      }
+    /* check remaining leading digits */
+    for (; uc<bufr-shift; uc++) if (*uc!=0) return sigr;
+    /* now start the overlapped part; bufr has been padded, so the */
+    /* comparison can go for the full length of bufl, which is a */
+    /* multiple of 4 bytes */
+    for (ub=bufl; ; ub+=4, uc+=4) {
+      if (UINTAT(ub)!=UINTAT(uc)) {	/* mismatch found */
+	for (;; ub++, uc++) {		/* check from left [little-endian?] */
+	  if (*ub>*uc) return sigl;	/* difference found */
+	  if (*ub<*uc) return sigr;	/* .. */
+	  }
+	} /* mismatch */
+      if (ub==bufl+QUAD*2+DECPMAX-4) break; /* all checked */
+      }
+    } /* shift<0 */
+
+  /* Here when compare equal */
+  if (!tot) return 0;			/* numerically equal */
+  /* total ordering .. exponent matters */
+  if (shift>0) return sigl;		/* total order by exponent */
+  if (shift<0) return sigr;		/* .. */
+  return 0;
+  } /* decNumCompare */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decToInt32 -- local routine to effect ToInteger conversions	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   df	    is the decFloat to convert				      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   rmode  is the rounding mode to use				      */
+/*   exact  is 1 if Inexact should be signalled			      */
+/*   unsign is 1 if the result a uInt, 0 if an Int (cast to uInt)     */
+/*   returns 32-bit result as a uInt				      */
+/*								      */
+/* Invalid is set is df is a NaN, is infinite, or is out-of-range; in */
+/* these cases 0 is returned.					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+static uInt decToInt32(const decFloat *df, decContext *set,
+		       enum rounding rmode, Flag exact, Flag unsign) {
+  Int  exp;			   /* exponent */
+  uInt sourhi, sourpen, sourlo;	   /* top word from source decFloat .. */
+  uInt hi, lo;			   /* .. penultimate, least, etc. */
+  decFloat zero, result;	   /* work */
+  Int  i;			   /* .. */
+
+  /* Start decoding the argument */
+  sourhi=DFWORD(df, 0);			/* top word */
+  exp=DECCOMBEXP[sourhi>>26];		/* get exponent high bits (in place) */
+  if (EXPISSPECIAL(exp)) {		/* is special? */
+    set->status|=DEC_Invalid_operation; /* signal */
+    return 0;
+    }
+
+  /* Here when the argument is finite */
+  if (GETEXPUN(df)==0) result=*df;	/* already a true integer */
+   else {				/* need to round to integer */
+    enum rounding saveround;		/* saver */
+    uInt savestatus;			/* .. */
+    saveround=set->round;		/* save rounding mode .. */
+    savestatus=set->status;		/* .. and status */
+    set->round=rmode;			/* set mode */
+    decFloatZero(&zero);		/* make 0E+0 */
+    set->status=0;			/* clear */
+    decFloatQuantize(&result, df, &zero, set); /* [this may fail] */
+    set->round=saveround;		/* restore rounding mode .. */
+    if (exact) set->status|=savestatus; /* include Inexact */
+     else set->status=savestatus;	/* .. or just original status */
+    }
+
+  /* only the last four declets of the coefficient can contain */
+  /* non-zero; check for others (and also NaN or Infinity from the */
+  /* Quantize) first (see DFISZERO for explanation): */
+  /* decFloatShow(&result, "sofar"); */
+  #if DOUBLE
+  if ((DFWORD(&result, 0)&0x1c03ff00)!=0
+   || (DFWORD(&result, 0)&0x60000000)==0x60000000) {
+  #elif QUAD
+  if ((DFWORD(&result, 2)&0xffffff00)!=0
+   ||  DFWORD(&result, 1)!=0
+   || (DFWORD(&result, 0)&0x1c003fff)!=0
+   || (DFWORD(&result, 0)&0x60000000)==0x60000000) {
+  #endif
+    set->status|=DEC_Invalid_operation; /* Invalid or out of range */
+    return 0;
+    }
+  /* get last twelve digits of the coefficent into hi & ho, base */
+  /* 10**9 (see GETCOEFFBILL): */
+  sourlo=DFWORD(&result, DECWORDS-1);
+  lo=DPD2BIN0[sourlo&0x3ff]
+    +DPD2BINK[(sourlo>>10)&0x3ff]
+    +DPD2BINM[(sourlo>>20)&0x3ff];
+  sourpen=DFWORD(&result, DECWORDS-2);
+  hi=DPD2BIN0[((sourpen<<2) | (sourlo>>30))&0x3ff];
+
+  /* according to request, check range carefully */
+  if (unsign) {
+    if (hi>4 || (hi==4 && lo>294967295) || (hi+lo!=0 && DFISSIGNED(&result))) {
+      set->status|=DEC_Invalid_operation; /* out of range */
+      return 0;
+      }
+    return hi*BILLION+lo;
+    }
+  /* signed */
+  if (hi>2 || (hi==2 && lo>147483647)) {
+    /* handle the usual edge case */
+    if (lo==147483648 && hi==2 && DFISSIGNED(&result)) return 0x80000000;
+    set->status|=DEC_Invalid_operation; /* truly out of range */
+    return 0;
+    }
+  i=hi*BILLION+lo;
+  if (DFISSIGNED(&result)) i=-i;
+  return (uInt)i;
+  } /* decToInt32 */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decToIntegral -- local routine to effect ToIntegral value	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   result gets the result					      */
+/*   df	    is the decFloat to round				      */
+/*   set    is the context					      */
+/*   rmode  is the rounding mode to use				      */
+/*   exact  is 1 if Inexact should be signalled			      */
+/*   returns result						      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+static decFloat * decToIntegral(decFloat *result, const decFloat *df,
+				decContext *set, enum rounding rmode,
+				Flag exact) {
+  Int  exp;			   /* exponent */
+  uInt sourhi;			   /* top word from source decFloat */
+  enum rounding saveround;	   /* saver */
+  uInt savestatus;		   /* .. */
+  decFloat zero;		   /* work */
+
+  /* Start decoding the argument */
+  sourhi=DFWORD(df, 0);		   /* top word */
+  exp=DECCOMBEXP[sourhi>>26];	   /* get exponent high bits (in place) */
+
+  if (EXPISSPECIAL(exp)) {	   /* is special? */
+    /* NaNs are handled as usual */
+    if (DFISNAN(df)) return decNaNs(result, df, NULL, set);
+    /* must be infinite; return canonical infinity with sign of df */
+    return decInfinity(result, df);
+    }
+
+  /* Here when the argument is finite */
+  /* complete extraction of the exponent */
+  exp+=GETECON(df)-DECBIAS;		/* .. + continuation and unbias */
+
+  if (exp>=0) return decCanonical(result, df); /* already integral */
+
+  saveround=set->round;			/* save rounding mode .. */
+  savestatus=set->status;		/* .. and status */
+  set->round=rmode;			/* set mode */
+  decFloatZero(&zero);			/* make 0E+0 */
+  decFloatQuantize(result, df, &zero, set); /* 'integrate'; cannot fail */
+  set->round=saveround;			/* restore rounding mode .. */
+  if (!exact) set->status=savestatus;	/* .. and status, unless exact */
+  return result;
+  } /* decToIntegral */

--- /dev/null
+++ b/libdecnumber/decCommon.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1771 @@
+/* Common code for fixed-size types in the decNumber C Library.
+   Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Contributed by IBM Corporation.  Author Mike Cowlishaw.
+
+   This file is part of GCC.
+
+   GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+   the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+   Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
+   version.
+
+   In addition to the permissions in the GNU General Public License,
+   the Free Software Foundation gives you unlimited permission to link
+   the compiled version of this file into combinations with other
+   programs, and to distribute those combinations without any
+   restriction coming from the use of this file.  (The General Public
+   License restrictions do apply in other respects; for example, they
+   cover modification of the file, and distribution when not linked
+   into a combine executable.)
+
+   GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+   WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+   for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with GCC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
+   Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+   02110-1301, USA.  */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decCommon.c -- common code for all three fixed-size types	      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* This module comprises code that is shared between all the formats  */
+/* (decSingle, decDouble, and decQuad); it includes set and extract   */
+/* of format components, widening, narrowing, and string conversions. */
+/*								      */
+/* Unlike decNumber, parameterization takes place at compile time     */
+/* rather than at runtime.  The parameters are set in the decDouble.c */
+/* (etc.) files, which then include this one to produce the compiled  */
+/* code.  The functions here, therefore, are code shared between      */
+/* multiple formats.						      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Names here refer to decFloat rather than to decDouble, etc., and */
+/* the functions are in strict alphabetical order. */
+/* Constants, tables, and debug function(s) are included only for QUAD */
+/* (which will always be compiled if DOUBLE or SINGLE are used). */
+/* */
+/* Whenever a decContext is used, only the status may be set (using */
+/* OR) or the rounding mode read; all other fields are ignored and */
+/* untouched. */
+
+/* names for simpler testing and default context */
+#if DECPMAX==7
+  #define SINGLE     1
+  #define DOUBLE     0
+  #define QUAD	     0
+  #define DEFCONTEXT DEC_INIT_DECIMAL32
+#elif DECPMAX==16
+  #define SINGLE     0
+  #define DOUBLE     1
+  #define QUAD	     0
+  #define DEFCONTEXT DEC_INIT_DECIMAL64
+#elif DECPMAX==34
+  #define SINGLE     0
+  #define DOUBLE     0
+  #define QUAD	     1
+  #define DEFCONTEXT DEC_INIT_DECIMAL128
+#else
+  #error Unexpected DECPMAX value
+#endif
+
+/* Assertions */
+
+#if DECPMAX!=7 && DECPMAX!=16 && DECPMAX!=34
+  #error Unexpected Pmax (DECPMAX) value for this module
+#endif
+
+/* Assert facts about digit characters, etc. */
+#if ('9'&0x0f)!=9
+  #error This module assumes characters are of the form 0b....nnnn
+  /* where .... are don't care 4 bits and nnnn is 0000 through 1001 */
+#endif
+#if ('9'&0xf0)==('.'&0xf0)
+  #error This module assumes '.' has a different mask than a digit
+#endif
+
+/* Assert ToString lay-out conditions */
+#if DECSTRING<DECPMAX+9
+  #error ToString needs at least 8 characters for lead-in and dot
+#endif
+#if DECPMAX+DECEMAXD+5 > DECSTRING
+  #error Exponent form can be too long for ToString to lay out safely
+#endif
+#if DECEMAXD > 4
+  #error Exponent form is too long for ToString to lay out
+  /* Note: code for up to 9 digits exists in archives [decOct] */
+#endif
+
+/* Private functions used here and possibly in decBasic.c, etc. */
+static decFloat * decFinalize(decFloat *, bcdnum *, decContext *);
+static Flag decBiStr(const char *, const char *, const char *);
+
+/* Macros and private tables; those which are not format-dependent    */
+/* are only included if decQuad is being built.			      */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Combination field lookup tables (uInts to save measurable work)    */
+/*								      */
+/*   DECCOMBEXP	 - 2 most-significant-bits of exponent (00, 01, or    */
+/*		   10), shifted left for format, or DECFLOAT_Inf/NaN  */
+/*   DECCOMBWEXP - The same, for the next-wider format (unless QUAD)  */
+/*   DECCOMBMSD	 - 4-bit most-significant-digit			      */
+/*		   [0 if the index is a special (Infinity or NaN)]    */
+/*   DECCOMBFROM - 5-bit combination field from EXP top bits and MSD  */
+/*		   (placed in uInt so no shift is needed)	      */
+/*								      */
+/* DECCOMBEXP, DECCOMBWEXP, and DECCOMBMSD are indexed by the sign    */
+/*   and 5-bit combination field (0-63, the second half of the table  */
+/*   identical to the first half)				      */
+/* DECCOMBFROM is indexed by expTopTwoBits*16 + msd		      */
+/*								      */
+/* DECCOMBMSD and DECCOMBFROM are not format-dependent and so are     */
+/* only included once, when QUAD is being built			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+static const uInt DECCOMBEXP[64]={
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+  1<<DECECONL, 1<<DECECONL, 1<<DECECONL, 1<<DECECONL,
+  1<<DECECONL, 1<<DECECONL, 1<<DECECONL, 1<<DECECONL,
+  2<<DECECONL, 2<<DECECONL, 2<<DECECONL, 2<<DECECONL,
+  2<<DECECONL, 2<<DECECONL, 2<<DECECONL, 2<<DECECONL,
+  0,	       0,	    1<<DECECONL, 1<<DECECONL,
+  2<<DECECONL, 2<<DECECONL, DECFLOAT_Inf, DECFLOAT_NaN,
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+  1<<DECECONL, 1<<DECECONL, 1<<DECECONL, 1<<DECECONL,
+  1<<DECECONL, 1<<DECECONL, 1<<DECECONL, 1<<DECECONL,
+  2<<DECECONL, 2<<DECECONL, 2<<DECECONL, 2<<DECECONL,
+  2<<DECECONL, 2<<DECECONL, 2<<DECECONL, 2<<DECECONL,
+  0,	       0,	    1<<DECECONL, 1<<DECECONL,
+  2<<DECECONL, 2<<DECECONL, DECFLOAT_Inf, DECFLOAT_NaN};
+#if !QUAD
+static const uInt DECCOMBWEXP[64]={
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+  1<<DECWECONL, 1<<DECWECONL, 1<<DECWECONL, 1<<DECWECONL,
+  1<<DECWECONL, 1<<DECWECONL, 1<<DECWECONL, 1<<DECWECONL,
+  2<<DECWECONL, 2<<DECWECONL, 2<<DECWECONL, 2<<DECWECONL,
+  2<<DECWECONL, 2<<DECWECONL, 2<<DECWECONL, 2<<DECWECONL,
+  0,		0,	      1<<DECWECONL, 1<<DECWECONL,
+  2<<DECWECONL, 2<<DECWECONL, DECFLOAT_Inf, DECFLOAT_NaN,
+  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+  1<<DECWECONL, 1<<DECWECONL, 1<<DECWECONL, 1<<DECWECONL,
+  1<<DECWECONL, 1<<DECWECONL, 1<<DECWECONL, 1<<DECWECONL,
+  2<<DECWECONL, 2<<DECWECONL, 2<<DECWECONL, 2<<DECWECONL,
+  2<<DECWECONL, 2<<DECWECONL, 2<<DECWECONL, 2<<DECWECONL,
+  0,		0,	      1<<DECWECONL, 1<<DECWECONL,
+  2<<DECWECONL, 2<<DECWECONL, DECFLOAT_Inf, DECFLOAT_NaN};
+#endif
+
+#if QUAD
+const uInt DECCOMBMSD[64]={
+  0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
+  0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 0, 1,
+  0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
+  0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 0, 0};
+
+const uInt DECCOMBFROM[48]={
+  0x00000000, 0x04000000, 0x08000000, 0x0C000000, 0x10000000, 0x14000000,
+  0x18000000, 0x1C000000, 0x60000000, 0x64000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,
+  0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x20000000, 0x24000000,
+  0x28000000, 0x2C000000, 0x30000000, 0x34000000, 0x38000000, 0x3C000000,
+  0x68000000, 0x6C000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,
+  0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x40000000, 0x44000000, 0x48000000, 0x4C000000,
+  0x50000000, 0x54000000, 0x58000000, 0x5C000000, 0x70000000, 0x74000000,
+  0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000};
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Request and include the tables to use for conversions	      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+#define DEC_BCD2DPD  1	      /* 0-0x999 -> DPD */
+#define DEC_BIN2DPD  1	      /* 0-999 -> DPD */
+#define DEC_BIN2BCD8 1	      /* 0-999 -> ddd, len */
+#define DEC_DPD2BCD8 1	      /* DPD -> ddd, len */
+#define DEC_DPD2BIN  1	      /* DPD -> 0-999 */
+#define DEC_DPD2BINK 1	      /* DPD -> 0-999000 */
+#define DEC_DPD2BINM 1	      /* DPD -> 0-999000000 */
+#include "decDPD.h"	      /* source of the lookup tables */
+
+#endif
+
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* decBiStr -- compare string with pairwise options		     */
+/*								     */
+/*   targ is the string to compare				     */
+/*   str1 is one of the strings to compare against (length may be 0) */
+/*   str2 is the other; it must be the same length as str1	     */
+/*								     */
+/*   returns 1 if strings compare equal, (that is, targ is the same  */
+/*   length as str1 and str2, and each character of targ is in one   */
+/*   of str1 or str2 in the corresponding position), or 0 otherwise  */
+/*								     */
+/* This is used for generic caseless compare, including the awkward  */
+/* case of the Turkish dotted and dotless Is.  Use as (for example): */
+/*   if (decBiStr(test, "mike", "MIKE")) ...			     */
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
+static Flag decBiStr(const char *targ, const char *str1, const char *str2) {
+  for (;;targ++, str1++, str2++) {
+    if (*targ!=*str1 && *targ!=*str2) return 0;
+    /* *targ has a match in one (or both, if terminator) */
+    if (*targ=='\0') break;
+    } /* forever */
+  return 1;
+  } /* decBiStr */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFinalize -- adjust and store a final result		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  df	is the decFloat format number which gets the final result     */
+/*  num is the descriptor of the number to be checked and encoded     */
+/*	   [its values, including the coefficient, may be modified]   */
+/*  set is the context to use					      */
+/*  returns df							      */
+/*								      */
+/* The num descriptor may point to a bcd8 string of any length; this  */
+/* string may have leading insignificant zeros.	 If it has more than  */
+/* DECPMAX digits then the final digit can be a round-for-reround     */
+/* digit (i.e., it may include a sticky bit residue).		      */
+/*								      */
+/* The exponent (q) may be one of the codes for a special value and   */
+/* can be up to 999999999 for conversion from string.		      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible, but Inexact, Underflow, and/or Overflow may  */
+/* be set.							      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Constant whose size varies with format; also the check for surprises */
+static uByte allnines[DECPMAX]=
+#if SINGLE
+  {9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9};
+#elif DOUBLE
+  {9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9};
+#elif QUAD
+  {9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
+   9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9};
+#endif
+
+static decFloat * decFinalize(decFloat *df, bcdnum *num,
+			      decContext *set) {
+  uByte *ub;		      /* work */
+  uInt	 dpd;		      /* .. */
+  uByte *umsd=num->msd;	      /* local copy */
+  uByte *ulsd=num->lsd;	      /* .. */
+  uInt	 encode;	      /* encoding accumulator */
+  Int	 length;	      /* coefficient length */
+
+  #if DECCHECK
+  Int clen=ulsd-umsd+1;
+  #if QUAD
+    #define COEXTRA 2			     /* extra-long coefficent */
+  #else
+    #define COEXTRA 0
+  #endif
+  if (clen<1 || clen>DECPMAX*3+2+COEXTRA)
+    printf("decFinalize: suspect coefficient [length=%ld]\n", (LI)clen);
+  if (num->sign!=0 && num->sign!=DECFLOAT_Sign)
+    printf("decFinalize: bad sign [%08lx]\n", (LI)num->sign);
+  if (!EXPISSPECIAL(num->exponent)
+      && (num->exponent>1999999999 || num->exponent<-1999999999))
+    printf("decFinalize: improbable exponent [%ld]\n", (LI)num->exponent);
+  /* decShowNum(num, "final"); */
+  #endif
+
+  /* A special will have an 'exponent' which is very positive and a */
+  /* coefficient < DECPMAX */
+  length=(uInt)(ulsd-umsd+1);		     /* coefficient length */
+
+  if (!NUMISSPECIAL(num)) {
+    Int	  drop;				     /* digits to be dropped */
+    /* skip leading insignificant zeros to calculate an exact length */
+    /* [this is quite expensive] */
+    if (*umsd==0) {
+      for (; UINTAT(umsd)==0 && umsd+3<ulsd;) umsd+=4;
+      for (; *umsd==0 && umsd<ulsd;) umsd++;
+      length=ulsd-umsd+1;		     /* recalculate */
+      }
+    drop=MAXI(length-DECPMAX, DECQTINY-num->exponent);
+    /* drop can now be > digits for bottom-clamp (subnormal) cases */
+    if (drop>0) {			     /* rounding needed */
+      /* (decFloatQuantize has very similar code to this, so any */
+      /* changes may need to be made there, too) */
+      uByte *roundat;			     /* -> re-round digit */
+      uByte reround;			     /* reround value */
+      /* printf("Rounding; drop=%ld\n", (LI)drop); */
+
+      num->exponent+=drop;		     /* always update exponent */
+
+      /* Three cases here: */
+      /*   1. new LSD is in coefficient (almost always) */
+      /*   2. new LSD is digit to left of coefficient (so MSD is */
+      /*      round-for-reround digit) */
+      /*   3. new LSD is to left of case 2 (whole coefficient is sticky) */
+      /* [duplicate check-stickies code to save a test] */
+      /* [by-digit check for stickies as runs of zeros are rare] */
+      if (drop<length) {		     /* NB lengths not addresses */
+	roundat=umsd+length-drop;
+	reround=*roundat;
+	for (ub=roundat+1; ub<=ulsd; ub++) {
+	  if (*ub!=0) {			     /* non-zero to be discarded */
+	    reround=DECSTICKYTAB[reround];   /* apply sticky bit */
+	    break;			     /* [remainder don't-care] */
+	    }
+	  } /* check stickies */
+	ulsd=roundat-1;			     /* new LSD */
+	}
+       else {				     /* edge case */
+	if (drop==length) {
+	  roundat=umsd;
+	  reround=*roundat;
+	  }
+	 else {
+	  roundat=umsd-1;
+	  reround=0;
+	  }
+	for (ub=roundat+1; ub<=ulsd; ub++) {
+	  if (*ub!=0) {			     /* non-zero to be discarded */
+	    reround=DECSTICKYTAB[reround];   /* apply sticky bit */
+	    break;			     /* [remainder don't-care] */
+	    }
+	  } /* check stickies */
+	*umsd=0;			     /* coefficient is a 0 */
+	ulsd=umsd;			     /* .. */
+	}
+
+      if (reround!=0) {			     /* discarding non-zero */
+	uInt bump=0;
+	set->status|=DEC_Inexact;
+	/* if adjusted exponent [exp+digits-1] is < EMIN then num is */
+	/* subnormal -- so raise Underflow */
+	if (num->exponent<DECEMIN && (num->exponent+(ulsd-umsd+1)-1)<DECEMIN)
+	  set->status|=DEC_Underflow;
+
+	/* next decide whether increment of the coefficient is needed */
+	if (set->round==DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN) {	  /* fastpath slowest case */
+	  if (reround>5) bump=1;		  /* >0.5 goes up */
+	   else if (reround==5)			  /* exactly 0.5000 .. */
+	    bump=*ulsd & 0x01;			  /* .. up iff [new] lsd is odd */
+	  } /* r-h-e */
+	 else switch (set->round) {
+	  case DEC_ROUND_DOWN: {
+	    /* no change */
+	    break;} /* r-d */
+	  case DEC_ROUND_HALF_DOWN: {
+	    if (reround>5) bump=1;
+	    break;} /* r-h-d */
+	  case DEC_ROUND_HALF_UP: {
+	    if (reround>=5) bump=1;
+	    break;} /* r-h-u */
+	  case DEC_ROUND_UP: {
+	    if (reround>0) bump=1;
+	    break;} /* r-u */
+	  case DEC_ROUND_CEILING: {
+	    /* same as _UP for positive numbers, and as _DOWN for negatives */
+	    if (!num->sign && reround>0) bump=1;
+	    break;} /* r-c */
+	  case DEC_ROUND_FLOOR: {
+	    /* same as _UP for negative numbers, and as _DOWN for positive */
+	    /* [negative reround cannot occur on 0] */
+	    if (num->sign && reround>0) bump=1;
+	    break;} /* r-f */
+	  case DEC_ROUND_05UP: {
+	    if (reround>0) { /* anything out there is 'sticky' */
+	      /* bump iff lsd=0 or 5; this cannot carry so it could be */
+	      /* effected immediately with no bump -- but the code */
+	      /* is clearer if this is done the same way as the others */
+	      if (*ulsd==0 || *ulsd==5) bump=1;
+	      }
+	    break;} /* r-r */
+	  default: {	  /* e.g., DEC_ROUND_MAX */
+	    set->status|=DEC_Invalid_context;
+	    #if DECCHECK
+	    printf("Unknown rounding mode: %ld\n", (LI)set->round);
+	    #endif
+	    break;}
+	  } /* switch (not r-h-e) */
+	/* printf("ReRound: %ld	 bump: %ld\n", (LI)reround, (LI)bump); */
+
+	if (bump!=0) {			     /* need increment */
+	  /* increment the coefficient; this might end up with 1000... */
+	  /* (after the all nines case) */
+	  ub=ulsd;
+	  for(; ub-3>=umsd && UINTAT(ub-3)==0x09090909; ub-=4) UINTAT(ub-3)=0;
+	  /* [note ub could now be to left of msd, and it is not safe */
+	  /* to write to the the left of the msd] */
+	  /* now at most 3 digits left to non-9 (usually just the one) */
+	  for (; ub>=umsd; *ub=0, ub--) {
+	    if (*ub==9) continue;	     /* carry */
+	    *ub+=1;
+	    break;
+	    }
+	  if (ub<umsd) {		     /* had all-nines */
+	    *umsd=1;			     /* coefficient to 1000... */
+	    /* usually the 1000... coefficient can be used as-is */
+	    if ((ulsd-umsd+1)==DECPMAX) {
+	      num->exponent++;
+	      }
+	     else {
+	      /* if coefficient is shorter than Pmax then num is */
+	      /* subnormal, so extend it; this is safe as drop>0 */
+	      /* (or, if the coefficient was supplied above, it could */
+	      /* not be 9); this may make the result normal. */
+	      ulsd++;
+	      *ulsd=0;
+	      /* [exponent unchanged] */
+	      #if DECCHECK
+	      if (num->exponent!=DECQTINY) /* sanity check */
+		printf("decFinalize: bad all-nines extend [^%ld, %ld]\n",
+		       (LI)num->exponent, (LI)(ulsd-umsd+1));
+	      #endif
+	      } /* subnormal extend */
+	    } /* had all-nines */
+	  } /* bump needed */
+	} /* inexact rounding */
+
+      length=ulsd-umsd+1;		/* recalculate (may be <DECPMAX) */
+      } /* need round (drop>0) */
+
+    /* The coefficient will now fit and has final length unless overflow */
+    /* decShowNum(num, "rounded"); */
+
+    /* if exponent is >=emax may have to clamp, overflow, or fold-down */
+    if (num->exponent>DECEMAX-(DECPMAX-1)) { /* is edge case */
+      /* printf("overflow checks...\n"); */
+      if (*ulsd==0 && ulsd==umsd) {	/* have zero */
+	num->exponent=DECEMAX-(DECPMAX-1); /* clamp to max */
+	}
+       else if ((num->exponent+length-1)>DECEMAX) { /* > Nmax */
+	/* Overflow -- these could go straight to encoding, here, but */
+	/* instead num is adjusted to keep the code cleaner */
+	Flag needmax=0;			/* 1 for finite result */
+	set->status|=(DEC_Overflow | DEC_Inexact);
+	switch (set->round) {
+	  case DEC_ROUND_DOWN: {
+	    needmax=1;			/* never Infinity */
+	    break;} /* r-d */
+	  case DEC_ROUND_05UP: {
+	    needmax=1;			/* never Infinity */
+	    break;} /* r-05 */
+	  case DEC_ROUND_CEILING: {
+	    if (num->sign) needmax=1;	/* Infinity iff non-negative */
+	    break;} /* r-c */
+	  case DEC_ROUND_FLOOR: {
+	    if (!num->sign) needmax=1;	/* Infinity iff negative */
+	    break;} /* r-f */
+	  default: break;		/* Infinity in all other cases */
+	  }
+	if (!needmax) {			/* easy .. set Infinity */
+	  num->exponent=DECFLOAT_Inf;
+	  *umsd=0;			/* be clean: coefficient to 0 */
+	  ulsd=umsd;			/* .. */
+	  }
+	 else {				/* return Nmax */
+	  umsd=allnines;		/* use constant array */
+	  ulsd=allnines+DECPMAX-1;
+	  num->exponent=DECEMAX-(DECPMAX-1);
+	  }
+	}
+       else { /* no overflow but non-zero and may have to fold-down */
+	Int shift=num->exponent-(DECEMAX-(DECPMAX-1));
+	if (shift>0) {			/* fold-down needed */
+	  /* fold down needed; must copy to buffer in order to pad */
+	  /* with zeros safely; fortunately this is not the worst case */
+	  /* path because cannot have had a round */
+	  uByte buffer[ROUNDUP(DECPMAX+3, 4)]; /* [+3 allows uInt padding] */
+	  uByte *s=umsd;		/* source */
+	  uByte *t=buffer;		/* safe target */
+	  uByte *tlsd=buffer+(ulsd-umsd)+shift; /* target LSD */
+	  /* printf("folddown shift=%ld\n", (LI)shift); */
+	  for (; s<=ulsd; s+=4, t+=4) UINTAT(t)=UINTAT(s);
+	  for (t=tlsd-shift+1; t<=tlsd; t+=4) UINTAT(t)=0;  /* pad */
+	  num->exponent-=shift;
+	  umsd=buffer;
+	  ulsd=tlsd;
+	  }
+	} /* fold-down? */
+      length=ulsd-umsd+1;		/* recalculate length */
+      } /* high-end edge case */
+    } /* finite number */
+
+  /*------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+  /* At this point the result will properly fit the decFloat	      */
+  /* encoding, and it can be encoded with no possibility of error     */
+  /*------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+  /* Following code does not alter coefficient (could be allnines array) */
+
+  if (length==DECPMAX) {
+    return decFloatFromBCD(df, num->exponent, umsd, num->sign);
+    }
+
+  /* Here when length is short */
+  if (!NUMISSPECIAL(num)) {		/* is still finite */
+    /* encode the combination field and exponent continuation */
+    uInt uexp=(uInt)(num->exponent+DECBIAS); /* biased exponent */
+    uInt code=(uexp>>DECECONL)<<4;	/* top two bits of exp */
+    /* [msd=0] */
+    /* look up the combination field and make high word */
+    encode=DECCOMBFROM[code];		/* indexed by (0-2)*16+msd */
+    encode|=(uexp<<(32-6-DECECONL)) & 0x03ffffff; /* exponent continuation */
+    }
+   else encode=num->exponent;		/* special [already in word] */
+  /* [coefficient length here will be < DECPMAX] */
+
+  encode|=num->sign;			/* add sign */
+
+  /* private macro to extract a declet, n (where 0<=n<DECLETS and 0 */
+  /* refers to the declet from the least significant three digits) */
+  /* and put the corresponding DPD code into dpd.  Access to umsd and */
+  /* ulsd (pointers to the most and least significant digit of the */
+  /* variable-length coefficient) is assumed, along with use of a */
+  /* working pointer, uInt *ub. */
+  /* As not full-length then chances are there are many leading zeros */
+  /* [and there may be a partial triad] */
+  #define getDPD(dpd, n) ub=ulsd-(3*(n))-2;			      \
+    if (ub<umsd-2) dpd=0;					      \
+     else if (ub>=umsd) dpd=BCD2DPD[(*ub*256)+(*(ub+1)*16)+*(ub+2)];  \
+     else {dpd=*(ub+2); if (ub+1==umsd) dpd+=*(ub+1)*16; dpd=BCD2DPD[dpd];}
+
+  /* place the declets in the encoding words and copy to result (df), */
+  /* according to endianness; in all cases complete the sign word */
+  /* first */
+  #if DECPMAX==7
+    getDPD(dpd, 1);
+    encode|=dpd<<10;
+    getDPD(dpd, 0);
+    encode|=dpd;
+    DFWORD(df, 0)=encode;     /* just the one word */
+
+  #elif DECPMAX==16
+    getDPD(dpd, 4); encode|=dpd<<8;
+    getDPD(dpd, 3); encode|=dpd>>2;
+    DFWORD(df, 0)=encode;
+    encode=dpd<<30;
+    getDPD(dpd, 2); encode|=dpd<<20;
+    getDPD(dpd, 1); encode|=dpd<<10;
+    getDPD(dpd, 0); encode|=dpd;
+    DFWORD(df, 1)=encode;
+
+  #elif DECPMAX==34
+    getDPD(dpd,10); encode|=dpd<<4;
+    getDPD(dpd, 9); encode|=dpd>>6;
+    DFWORD(df, 0)=encode;
+
+    encode=dpd<<26;
+    getDPD(dpd, 8); encode|=dpd<<16;
+    getDPD(dpd, 7); encode|=dpd<<6;
+    getDPD(dpd, 6); encode|=dpd>>4;
+    DFWORD(df, 1)=encode;
+
+    encode=dpd<<28;
+    getDPD(dpd, 5); encode|=dpd<<18;
+    getDPD(dpd, 4); encode|=dpd<<8;
+    getDPD(dpd, 3); encode|=dpd>>2;
+    DFWORD(df, 2)=encode;
+
+    encode=dpd<<30;
+    getDPD(dpd, 2); encode|=dpd<<20;
+    getDPD(dpd, 1); encode|=dpd<<10;
+    getDPD(dpd, 0); encode|=dpd;
+    DFWORD(df, 3)=encode;
+  #endif
+
+  /* printf("Status: %08lx\n", (LI)set->status); */
+  /* decFloatShow(df, "final"); */
+  return df;
+  } /* decFinalize */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatFromBCD -- set decFloat from exponent, BCD8, and sign      */
+/*								      */
+/*  df is the target decFloat					      */
+/*  exp is the in-range unbiased exponent, q, or a special value in   */
+/*    the form returned by decFloatGetExponent			      */
+/*  bcdar holds DECPMAX digits to set the coefficient from, one	      */
+/*    digit in each byte (BCD8 encoding); the first (MSD) is ignored  */
+/*    if df is a NaN; all are ignored if df is infinite.	      */
+/*    All bytes must be in 0-9; results undefined otherwise.	      */
+/*  sig is DECFLOAT_Sign to set the sign bit, 0 otherwise	      */
+/*  returns df, which will be canonical				      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible, and no status will be set.		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatFromBCD(decFloat *df, Int exp, const uByte *bcdar,
+			   Int sig) {
+  uInt encode, dpd;			/* work */
+  const uByte *ub;			/* .. */
+
+  if (EXPISSPECIAL(exp)) encode=exp|sig;/* specials already encoded */
+   else {				/* is finite */
+    /* encode the combination field and exponent continuation */
+    uInt uexp=(uInt)(exp+DECBIAS);	/* biased exponent */
+    uInt code=(uexp>>DECECONL)<<4;	/* top two bits of exp */
+    code+=bcdar[0];			/* add msd */
+    /* look up the combination field and make high word */
+    encode=DECCOMBFROM[code]|sig;	/* indexed by (0-2)*16+msd */
+    encode|=(uexp<<(32-6-DECECONL)) & 0x03ffffff; /* exponent continuation */
+    }
+
+  /* private macro to extract a declet, n (where 0<=n<DECLETS and 0 */
+  /* refers to the declet from the least significant three digits) */
+  /* and put the corresponding DPD code into dpd. */
+  /* Use of a working pointer, uInt *ub, is assumed. */
+
+  #define getDPDf(dpd, n) ub=bcdar+DECPMAX-1-(3*(n))-2;	    \
+    dpd=BCD2DPD[(*ub*256)+(*(ub+1)*16)+*(ub+2)];
+
+  /* place the declets in the encoding words and copy to result (df), */
+  /* according to endianness; in all cases complete the sign word */
+  /* first */
+  #if DECPMAX==7
+    getDPDf(dpd, 1);
+    encode|=dpd<<10;
+    getDPDf(dpd, 0);
+    encode|=dpd;
+    DFWORD(df, 0)=encode;     /* just the one word */
+
+  #elif DECPMAX==16
+    getDPDf(dpd, 4); encode|=dpd<<8;
+    getDPDf(dpd, 3); encode|=dpd>>2;
+    DFWORD(df, 0)=encode;
+    encode=dpd<<30;
+    getDPDf(dpd, 2); encode|=dpd<<20;
+    getDPDf(dpd, 1); encode|=dpd<<10;
+    getDPDf(dpd, 0); encode|=dpd;
+    DFWORD(df, 1)=encode;
+
+  #elif DECPMAX==34
+    getDPDf(dpd,10); encode|=dpd<<4;
+    getDPDf(dpd, 9); encode|=dpd>>6;
+    DFWORD(df, 0)=encode;
+
+    encode=dpd<<26;
+    getDPDf(dpd, 8); encode|=dpd<<16;
+    getDPDf(dpd, 7); encode|=dpd<<6;
+    getDPDf(dpd, 6); encode|=dpd>>4;
+    DFWORD(df, 1)=encode;
+
+    encode=dpd<<28;
+    getDPDf(dpd, 5); encode|=dpd<<18;
+    getDPDf(dpd, 4); encode|=dpd<<8;
+    getDPDf(dpd, 3); encode|=dpd>>2;
+    DFWORD(df, 2)=encode;
+
+    encode=dpd<<30;
+    getDPDf(dpd, 2); encode|=dpd<<20;
+    getDPDf(dpd, 1); encode|=dpd<<10;
+    getDPDf(dpd, 0); encode|=dpd;
+    DFWORD(df, 3)=encode;
+  #endif
+  /* decFloatShow(df, "final"); */
+  return df;
+  } /* decFloatFromBCD */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatFromPacked -- set decFloat from exponent and packed BCD    */
+/*								      */
+/*  df is the target decFloat					      */
+/*  exp is the in-range unbiased exponent, q, or a special value in   */
+/*    the form returned by decFloatGetExponent			      */
+/*  packed holds DECPMAX packed decimal digits plus a sign nibble     */
+/*    (all 6 codes are OK); the first (MSD) is ignored if df is a NaN */
+/*    and all except sign are ignored if df is infinite.  For DOUBLE  */
+/*    and QUAD the first (pad) nibble is also ignored in all cases.   */
+/*    All coefficient nibbles must be in 0-9 and sign in A-F; results */
+/*    are undefined otherwise.					      */
+/*  returns df, which will be canonical				      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible, and no status will be set.		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatFromPacked(decFloat *df, Int exp, const uByte *packed) {
+  uByte bcdar[DECPMAX+2];		/* work [+1 for pad, +1 for sign] */
+  const uByte *ip;			/* .. */
+  uByte *op;				/* .. */
+  Int	sig=0;				/* sign */
+
+  /* expand coefficient and sign to BCDAR */
+  #if SINGLE
+  op=bcdar+1;				/* no pad digit */
+  #else
+  op=bcdar;				/* first (pad) digit ignored */
+  #endif
+  for (ip=packed; ip<packed+((DECPMAX+2)/2); ip++) {
+    *op++=*ip>>4;
+    *op++=(uByte)(*ip&0x0f);		/* [final nibble is sign] */
+    }
+  op--;					/* -> sign byte */
+  if (*op==DECPMINUS || *op==DECPMINUSALT) sig=DECFLOAT_Sign;
+
+  if (EXPISSPECIAL(exp)) {		/* Infinity or NaN */
+    if (!EXPISINF(exp)) bcdar[1]=0;	/* a NaN: ignore MSD */
+     else memset(bcdar+1, 0, DECPMAX);	/* Infinite: coefficient to 0 */
+    }
+  return decFloatFromBCD(df, exp, bcdar+1, sig);
+  } /* decFloatFromPacked */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatFromString -- conversion from numeric string		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  result  is the decFloat format number which gets the result of    */
+/*	    the conversion					      */
+/*  *string is the character string which should contain a valid      */
+/*	    number (which may be a special value), \0-terminated      */
+/*	    If there are too many significant digits in the	      */
+/*	    coefficient it will be rounded.			      */
+/*  set	    is the context					      */
+/*  returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* The length of the coefficient and the size of the exponent are     */
+/* checked by this routine, so the correct error (Underflow or	      */
+/* Overflow) can be reported or rounding applied, as necessary.	      */
+/*								      */
+/* There is no limit to the coefficient length for finite inputs;     */
+/* NaN payloads must be integers with no more than DECPMAX-1 digits.  */
+/* Exponents may have up to nine significant digits.		      */
+/*								      */
+/* If bad syntax is detected, the result will be a quiet NaN.	      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatFromString(decFloat *result, const char *string,
+			      decContext *set) {
+  Int	 digits;		   /* count of digits in coefficient */
+  const	 char *dotchar=NULL;	   /* where dot was found [NULL if none] */
+  const	 char *cfirst=string;	   /* -> first character of decimal part */
+  const	 char *c;		   /* work */
+  uByte *ub;			   /* .. */
+  bcdnum num;			   /* collects data for finishing */
+  uInt	 error=DEC_Conversion_syntax;	/* assume the worst */
+  uByte	 buffer[ROUNDUP(DECSTRING+11, 8)]; /* room for most coefficents, */
+				   /* some common rounding, +3, & pad */
+  #if DECTRACE
+  /* printf("FromString %s ...\n", string); */
+  #endif
+
+  for(;;) {				/* once-only 'loop' */
+    num.sign=0;				/* assume non-negative */
+    num.msd=buffer;			/* MSD is here always */
+
+    /* detect and validate the coefficient, including any leading, */
+    /* trailing, or embedded '.' */
+    /* [could test four-at-a-time here (saving 10% for decQuads), */
+    /* but that risks storage violation because the position of the */
+    /* terminator is unknown] */
+    for (c=string;; c++) {		/* -> input character */
+      if (((unsigned)(*c-'0'))<=9) continue; /* '0' through '9' is good */
+      if (*c=='\0') break;		/* most common non-digit */
+      if (*c=='.') {
+	if (dotchar!=NULL) break;	/* not first '.' */
+	dotchar=c;			/* record offset into decimal part */
+	continue;}
+      if (c==string) {			/* first in string... */
+	if (*c=='-') {			/* valid - sign */
+	  cfirst++;
+	  num.sign=DECFLOAT_Sign;
+	  continue;}
+	if (*c=='+') {			/* valid + sign */
+	  cfirst++;
+	  continue;}
+	}
+      /* *c is not a digit, terminator, or a valid +, -, or '.' */
+      break;
+      } /* c loop */
+
+    digits=(uInt)(c-cfirst);		/* digits (+1 if a dot) */
+
+    if (digits>0) {			/* had digits and/or dot */
+      const char *clast=c-1;		/* note last coefficient char position */
+      Int exp=0;			/* exponent accumulator */
+      if (*c!='\0') {			/* something follows the coefficient */
+	uInt edig;			/* unsigned work */
+	/* had some digits and more to come; expect E[+|-]nnn now */
+	const char *firstexp;		/* exponent first non-zero */
+	if (*c!='E' && *c!='e') break;
+	c++;				/* to (optional) sign */
+	if (*c=='-' || *c=='+') c++;	/* step over sign (c=clast+2) */
+	if (*c=='\0') break;		/* no digits!  (e.g., '1.2E') */
+	for (; *c=='0';) c++;		/* skip leading zeros [even last] */
+	firstexp=c;			/* remember start [maybe '\0'] */
+	/* gather exponent digits */
+	edig=(uInt)*c-(uInt)'0';
+	if (edig<=9) {			/* [check not bad or terminator] */
+	  exp+=edig;			/* avoid initial X10 */
+	  c++;
+	  for (;; c++) {
+	    edig=(uInt)*c-(uInt)'0';
+	    if (edig>9) break;
+	    exp=exp*10+edig;
+	    }
+	  }
+	/* if not now on the '\0', *c must not be a digit */
+	if (*c!='\0') break;
+
+	/* (this next test must be after the syntax checks) */
+	/* if definitely more than the possible digits for format then */
+	/* the exponent may have wrapped, so simply set it to a certain */
+	/* over/underflow value */
+	if (c>firstexp+DECEMAXD) exp=DECEMAX*2;
+	if (*(clast+2)=='-') exp=-exp;	/* was negative */
+	} /* digits>0 */
+
+      if (dotchar!=NULL) {		/* had a '.' */
+	digits--;			/* remove from digits count */
+	if (digits==0) break;		/* was dot alone: bad syntax */
+	exp-=(Int)(clast-dotchar);	/* adjust exponent */
+	/* [the '.' can now be ignored] */
+	}
+      num.exponent=exp;			/* exponent is good; store it */
+
+      /* Here when whole string has been inspected and syntax is good */
+      /* cfirst->first digit or dot, clast->last digit or dot */
+      error=0;				/* no error possible now */
+
+      /* if the number of digits in the coefficient will fit in buffer */
+      /* then it can simply be converted to bcd8 and copied -- decFinalize */
+      /* will take care of leading zeros and rounding; the buffer is big */
+      /* enough for all canonical coefficients, including 0.00000nn... */
+      ub=buffer;
+      if (digits<=(Int)(sizeof(buffer)-3)) { /* [-3 allows by-4s copy] */
+	c=cfirst;
+	if (dotchar!=NULL) {		     /* a dot to worry about */
+	  if (*(c+1)=='.') {		     /* common canonical case */
+	    *ub++=(uByte)(*c-'0');	     /* copy leading digit */
+	    c+=2;			     /* prepare to handle rest */
+	    }
+	   else for (; c<=clast;) {	     /* '.' could be anywhere */
+	    /* as usual, go by fours when safe; NB it has been asserted */
+	    /* that a '.' does not have the same mask as a digit */
+	    if (c<=clast-3			       /* safe for four */
+	     && (UINTAT(c)&0xf0f0f0f0)==CHARMASK) {    /* test four */
+	      UINTAT(ub)=UINTAT(c)&0x0f0f0f0f;	       /* to BCD8 */
+	      ub+=4;
+	      c+=4;
+	      continue;
+	      }
+	    if (*c=='.') {		     /* found the dot */
+	      c++;			     /* step over it .. */
+	      break;			     /* .. and handle the rest */
+	      }
+	    *ub++=(uByte)(*c++-'0');
+	    }
+	  } /* had dot */
+	/* Now no dot; do this by fours (where safe) */
+	for (; c<=clast-3; c+=4, ub+=4) UINTAT(ub)=UINTAT(c)&0x0f0f0f0f;
+	for (; c<=clast; c++, ub++) *ub=(uByte)(*c-'0');
+	num.lsd=buffer+digits-1;	     /* record new LSD */
+	} /* fits */
+
+       else {				     /* too long for buffer */
+	/* [This is a rare and unusual case; arbitrary-length input] */
+	/* strip leading zeros [but leave final 0 if all 0's] */
+	if (*cfirst=='.') cfirst++;	     /* step past dot at start */
+	if (*cfirst=='0') {		     /* [cfirst always -> digit] */
+	  for (; cfirst<clast; cfirst++) {
+	    if (*cfirst!='0') {		     /* non-zero found */
+	      if (*cfirst=='.') continue;    /* [ignore] */
+	      break;			     /* done */
+	      }
+	    digits--;			     /* 0 stripped */
+	    } /* cfirst */
+	  } /* at least one leading 0 */
+
+	/* the coefficient is now as short as possible, but may still */
+	/* be too long; copy up to Pmax+1 digits to the buffer, then */
+	/* just record any non-zeros (set round-for-reround digit) */
+	for (c=cfirst; c<=clast && ub<=buffer+DECPMAX; c++) {
+	  /* (see commentary just above) */
+	  if (c<=clast-3			  /* safe for four */
+	   && (UINTAT(c)&0xf0f0f0f0)==CHARMASK) { /* four digits */
+	    UINTAT(ub)=UINTAT(c)&0x0f0f0f0f;	  /* to BCD8 */
+	    ub+=4;
+	    c+=3;			     /* [will become 4] */
+	    continue;
+	    }
+	  if (*c=='.') continue;	     /* [ignore] */
+	  *ub++=(uByte)(*c-'0');
+	  }
+	ub--;				     /* -> LSD */
+	for (; c<=clast; c++) {		     /* inspect remaining chars */
+	  if (*c!='0') {		     /* sticky bit needed */
+	    if (*c=='.') continue;	     /* [ignore] */
+	    *ub=DECSTICKYTAB[*ub];	     /* update round-for-reround */
+	    break;			     /* no need to look at more */
+	    }
+	  }
+	num.lsd=ub;			     /* record LSD */
+	/* adjust exponent for dropped digits */
+	num.exponent+=digits-(Int)(ub-buffer+1);
+	} /* too long for buffer */
+      } /* digits or dot */
+
+     else {				/* no digits or dot were found */
+      if (*c=='\0') break;		/* nothing to come is bad */
+      /* only Infinities and NaNs are allowed, here */
+      buffer[0]=0;			/* default a coefficient of 0 */
+      num.lsd=buffer;			/* .. */
+      if (decBiStr(c, "infinity", "INFINITY")
+       || decBiStr(c, "inf", "INF")) num.exponent=DECFLOAT_Inf;
+       else {				/* should be a NaN */
+	num.exponent=DECFLOAT_qNaN;	/* assume quiet NaN */
+	if (*c=='s' || *c=='S') {	/* probably an sNaN */
+	  c++;
+	  num.exponent=DECFLOAT_sNaN;	/* assume is in fact sNaN */
+	  }
+	if (*c!='N' && *c!='n') break;	/* check caseless "NaN" */
+	c++;
+	if (*c!='a' && *c!='A') break;	/* .. */
+	c++;
+	if (*c!='N' && *c!='n') break;	/* .. */
+	c++;
+	/* now either nothing, or nnnn payload (no dots), expected */
+	/* -> start of integer, and skip leading 0s [including plain 0] */
+	for (cfirst=c; *cfirst=='0';) cfirst++;
+	if (*cfirst!='\0') {		/* not empty or all-0, payload */
+	  /* payload found; check all valid digits and copy to buffer as bcd8 */
+	  ub=buffer;
+	  for (c=cfirst;; c++, ub++) {
+	    if ((unsigned)(*c-'0')>9) break; /* quit if not 0-9 */
+	    if (c-cfirst==DECPMAX-1) break;  /* too many digits */
+	    *ub=(uByte)(*c-'0');	/* good bcd8 */
+	    }
+	  if (*c!='\0') break;		/* not all digits, or too many */
+	  num.lsd=ub-1;			/* record new LSD */
+	  }
+	} /* NaN or sNaN */
+      error=0;				/* syntax is OK */
+      break;				/* done with specials */
+      } /* digits=0 (special expected) */
+    break;
+    }					/* [for(;;) break] */
+
+  /* decShowNum(&num, "fromStr"); */
+
+  if (error!=0) {
+    set->status|=error;
+    num.exponent=DECFLOAT_qNaN;		/* set up quiet NaN */
+    num.sign=0;				/* .. with 0 sign */
+    buffer[0]=0;			/* .. and coefficient */
+    num.lsd=buffer;			/* .. */
+    /* decShowNum(&num, "oops"); */
+    }
+
+  /* decShowNum(&num, "dffs"); */
+  decFinalize(result, &num, set);	/* round, check, and lay out */
+  /* decFloatShow(result, "fromString"); */
+  return result;
+  } /* decFloatFromString */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatFromWider -- conversion from next-wider format	      */
+/*								      */
+/*  result  is the decFloat format number which gets the result of    */
+/*	    the conversion					      */
+/*  wider   is the decFloatWider format number which will be narrowed */
+/*  set	    is the context					      */
+/*  returns result						      */
+/*								      */
+/* Narrowing can cause rounding, overflow, etc., but not Invalid      */
+/* operation (sNaNs are copied and do not signal).		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* narrow-to is not possible for decQuad format numbers; simply omit */
+#if !QUAD
+decFloat * decFloatFromWider(decFloat *result, const decFloatWider *wider,
+			     decContext *set) {
+  bcdnum num;				/* collects data for finishing */
+  uByte	 bcdar[DECWPMAX];		/* room for wider coefficient */
+  uInt	 widerhi=DFWWORD(wider, 0);	/* top word */
+  Int	 exp;
+
+  GETWCOEFF(wider, bcdar);
+
+  num.msd=bcdar;			/* MSD is here always */
+  num.lsd=bcdar+DECWPMAX-1;		/* LSD is here always */
+  num.sign=widerhi&0x80000000;		/* extract sign [DECFLOAT_Sign=Neg] */
+
+  /* decode the wider combination field to exponent */
+  exp=DECCOMBWEXP[widerhi>>26];		/* decode from wider combination field */
+  /* if it is a special there's nothing to do unless sNaN; if it's */
+  /* finite then add the (wider) exponent continuation and unbias */
+  if (EXPISSPECIAL(exp)) exp=widerhi&0x7e000000; /* include sNaN selector */
+   else exp+=GETWECON(wider)-DECWBIAS;
+  num.exponent=exp;
+
+  /* decShowNum(&num, "dffw"); */
+  return decFinalize(result, &num, set);/* round, check, and lay out */
+  } /* decFloatFromWider */
+#endif
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatGetCoefficient -- get coefficient as BCD8		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  df is the decFloat from which to extract the coefficient	      */
+/*  bcdar is where DECPMAX bytes will be written, one BCD digit in    */
+/*    each byte (BCD8 encoding); if df is a NaN the first byte will   */
+/*    be zero, and if it is infinite they will all be zero	      */
+/*  returns the sign of the coefficient (DECFLOAT_Sign if negative,   */
+/*    0 otherwise)						      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible, and no status will be set.  If df is a	      */
+/* special value the array is set to zeros (for Infinity) or to the   */
+/* payload of a qNaN or sNaN.					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+Int decFloatGetCoefficient(const decFloat *df, uByte *bcdar) {
+  if (DFISINF(df)) memset(bcdar, 0, DECPMAX);
+   else {
+    GETCOEFF(df, bcdar);	   /* use macro */
+    if (DFISNAN(df)) bcdar[0]=0;   /* MSD needs correcting */
+    }
+  return DFISSIGNED(df);
+  } /* decFloatGetCoefficient */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatGetExponent -- get unbiased exponent			      */
+/*								      */
+/*  df is the decFloat from which to extract the exponent	      */
+/*  returns the exponent, q.					      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible, and no status will be set.  If df is a	      */
+/* special value the first seven bits of the decFloat are returned,   */
+/* left adjusted and with the first (sign) bit set to 0 (followed by  */
+/* 25 0 bits).	e.g., -sNaN would return 0x7e000000 (DECFLOAT_sNaN).  */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+Int decFloatGetExponent(const decFloat *df) {
+  if (DFISSPECIAL(df)) return DFWORD(df, 0)&0x7e000000;
+  return GETEXPUN(df);
+  } /* decFloatGetExponent */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatSetCoefficient -- set coefficient from BCD8		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  df is the target decFloat (and source of exponent/special value)  */
+/*  bcdar holds DECPMAX digits to set the coefficient from, one	      */
+/*    digit in each byte (BCD8 encoding); the first (MSD) is ignored  */
+/*    if df is a NaN; all are ignored if df is infinite.	      */
+/*  sig is DECFLOAT_Sign to set the sign bit, 0 otherwise	      */
+/*  returns df, which will be canonical				      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible, and no status will be set.		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatSetCoefficient(decFloat *df, const uByte *bcdar,
+				  Int sig) {
+  uInt exp;			   /* for exponent */
+  uByte bcdzero[DECPMAX];	   /* for infinities */
+
+  /* Exponent/special code is extracted from df */
+  if (DFISSPECIAL(df)) {
+    exp=DFWORD(df, 0)&0x7e000000;
+    if (DFISINF(df)) {
+      memset(bcdzero, 0, DECPMAX);
+      return decFloatFromBCD(df, exp, bcdzero, sig);
+      }
+    }
+   else exp=GETEXPUN(df);
+  return decFloatFromBCD(df, exp, bcdar, sig);
+  } /* decFloatSetCoefficient */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatSetExponent -- set exponent or special value		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  df	is the target decFloat (and source of coefficient/payload)    */
+/*  set is the context for reporting status			      */
+/*  exp is the unbiased exponent, q, or a special value in the form   */
+/*    returned by decFloatGetExponent				      */
+/*  returns df, which will be canonical				      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible, but Overflow or Underflow might occur.	      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatSetExponent(decFloat *df, decContext *set, Int exp) {
+  uByte	 bcdcopy[DECPMAX];	   /* for coefficient */
+  bcdnum num;			   /* work */
+  num.exponent=exp;
+  num.sign=decFloatGetCoefficient(df, bcdcopy); /* extract coefficient */
+  if (DFISSPECIAL(df)) {	   /* MSD or more needs correcting */
+    if (DFISINF(df)) memset(bcdcopy, 0, DECPMAX);
+    bcdcopy[0]=0;
+    }
+  num.msd=bcdcopy;
+  num.lsd=bcdcopy+DECPMAX-1;
+  return decFinalize(df, &num, set);
+  } /* decFloatSetExponent */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatRadix -- returns the base (10)			      */
+/*								      */
+/*   df is any decFloat of this format				      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+uInt decFloatRadix(const decFloat *df) {
+  if (df) return 10;			     /* to placate compiler */
+  return 10;
+  } /* decFloatRadix */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatShow -- printf a decFloat in hexadecimal and decimal	      */
+/*   df	 is the decFloat to show				      */
+/*   tag is a tag string displayed with the number		      */
+/*								      */
+/* This is a debug aid; the precise format of the string may change.  */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+void decFloatShow(const decFloat *df, const char *tag) {
+  char hexbuf[DECBYTES*2+DECBYTES/4+1]; /* NB blank after every fourth */
+  char buff[DECSTRING];			/* for value in decimal */
+  Int i, j=0;
+
+  for (i=0; i<DECBYTES; i++) {
+    #if DECLITEND
+      sprintf(&hexbuf[j], "%02x", df->bytes[DECBYTES-1-i]);
+    #else
+      sprintf(&hexbuf[j], "%02x", df->bytes[i]);
+    #endif
+    j+=2;
+    /* the next line adds blank (and terminator) after final pair, too */
+    if ((i+1)%4==0) {strcpy(&hexbuf[j], " "); j++;}
+    }
+  decFloatToString(df, buff);
+  printf(">%s> %s [big-endian]	%s\n", tag, hexbuf, buff);
+  return;
+  } /* decFloatShow */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatToBCD -- get sign, exponent, and BCD8 from a decFloat      */
+/*								      */
+/*  df is the source decFloat					      */
+/*  exp will be set to the unbiased exponent, q, or to a special      */
+/*    value in the form returned by decFloatGetExponent		      */
+/*  bcdar is where DECPMAX bytes will be written, one BCD digit in    */
+/*    each byte (BCD8 encoding); if df is a NaN the first byte will   */
+/*    be zero, and if it is infinite they will all be zero	      */
+/*  returns the sign of the coefficient (DECFLOAT_Sign if negative,   */
+/*    0 otherwise)						      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible, and no status will be set.		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+Int decFloatToBCD(const decFloat *df, Int *exp, uByte *bcdar) {
+  if (DFISINF(df)) {
+    memset(bcdar, 0, DECPMAX);
+    *exp=DFWORD(df, 0)&0x7e000000;
+    }
+   else {
+    GETCOEFF(df, bcdar);	   /* use macro */
+    if (DFISNAN(df)) {
+      bcdar[0]=0;		   /* MSD needs correcting */
+      *exp=DFWORD(df, 0)&0x7e000000;
+      }
+     else {			   /* finite */
+      *exp=GETEXPUN(df);
+      }
+    }
+  return DFISSIGNED(df);
+  } /* decFloatToBCD */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatToEngString -- conversion to numeric string, engineering   */
+/*								      */
+/*  df is the decFloat format number to convert			      */
+/*  string is the string where the result will be laid out	      */
+/*								      */
+/* string must be at least DECPMAX+9 characters (the worst case is    */
+/* "-0.00000nnn...nnn\0", which is as long as the exponent form when  */
+/* DECEMAXD<=4); this condition is asserted above		      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible, and no status will be set		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+char * decFloatToEngString(const decFloat *df, char *string){
+  uInt msd;			   /* coefficient MSD */
+  Int  exp;			   /* exponent top two bits or full */
+  uInt comb;			   /* combination field */
+  char *cstart;			   /* coefficient start */
+  char *c;			   /* output pointer in string */
+  char *s, *t;			   /* .. (source, target) */
+  Int  pre, e;			   /* work */
+  const uByte *u;		   /* .. */
+
+  /* Source words; macro handles endianness */
+  uInt sourhi=DFWORD(df, 0);	   /* word with sign */
+  #if DECPMAX==16
+  uInt sourlo=DFWORD(df, 1);
+  #elif DECPMAX==34
+  uInt sourmh=DFWORD(df, 1);
+  uInt sourml=DFWORD(df, 2);
+  uInt sourlo=DFWORD(df, 3);
+  #endif
+
+  c=string;			   /* where result will go */
+  if (((Int)sourhi)<0) *c++='-';   /* handle sign */
+  comb=sourhi>>26;		   /* sign+combination field */
+  msd=DECCOMBMSD[comb];		   /* decode the combination field */
+  exp=DECCOMBEXP[comb];		   /* .. */
+
+  if (EXPISSPECIAL(exp)) {	   /* special */
+    if (exp==DECFLOAT_Inf) {	   /* infinity */
+      strcpy(c,	  "Inf");
+      strcpy(c+3, "inity");
+      return string;		   /* easy */
+      }
+    if (sourhi&0x02000000) *c++='s'; /* sNaN */
+    strcpy(c, "NaN");		   /* complete word */
+    c+=3;			   /* step past */
+    /* quick exit if the payload is zero */
+    #if DECPMAX==7
+    if ((sourhi&0x000fffff)==0) return string;
+    #elif DECPMAX==16
+    if (sourlo==0 && (sourhi&0x0003ffff)==0) return string;
+    #elif DECPMAX==34
+    if (sourlo==0 && sourml==0 && sourmh==0
+     && (sourhi&0x00003fff)==0) return string;
+    #endif
+    /* otherwise drop through to add integer; set correct exp etc. */
+    exp=0; msd=0;		   /* setup for following code */
+    }
+   else { /* complete exponent; top two bits are in place */
+    exp+=GETECON(df)-DECBIAS;	   /* .. + continuation and unbias */
+    }
+
+  /* convert the digits of the significand to characters */
+  cstart=c;			   /* save start of coefficient */
+  if (msd) *c++=(char)('0'+(char)msd);	/* non-zero most significant digit */
+
+  /* Decode the declets.  After extracting each declet, it is */
+  /* decoded to a 4-uByte sequence by table lookup; the four uBytes */
+  /* are the three encoded BCD8 digits followed by a 1-byte length */
+  /* (significant digits, except that 000 has length 0).  This allows */
+  /* us to left-align the first declet with non-zero content, then */
+  /* the remaining ones are full 3-char length.	 Fixed-length copies */
+  /* are used because variable-length memcpy causes a subroutine call */
+  /* in at least two compilers.	 (The copies are length 4 for speed */
+  /* and are safe because the last item in the array is of length */
+  /* three and has the length byte following.) */
+  #define dpd2char(dpdin) u=&DPD2BCD8[((dpdin)&0x3ff)*4];	 \
+	 if (c!=cstart) {UINTAT(c)=UINTAT(u)|CHARMASK; c+=3;}	 \
+	  else if (*(u+3)) {					 \
+	   UINTAT(c)=UINTAT(u+3-*(u+3))|CHARMASK; c+=*(u+3);}
+
+  #if DECPMAX==7
+  dpd2char(sourhi>>10);			/* declet 1 */
+  dpd2char(sourhi);			/* declet 2 */
+
+  #elif DECPMAX==16
+  dpd2char(sourhi>>8);			/* declet 1 */
+  dpd2char((sourhi<<2) | (sourlo>>30)); /* declet 2 */
+  dpd2char(sourlo>>20);			/* declet 3 */
+  dpd2char(sourlo>>10);			/* declet 4 */
+  dpd2char(sourlo);			/* declet 5 */
+
+  #elif DECPMAX==34
+  dpd2char(sourhi>>4);			/* declet 1 */
+  dpd2char((sourhi<<6) | (sourmh>>26)); /* declet 2 */
+  dpd2char(sourmh>>16);			/* declet 3 */
+  dpd2char(sourmh>>6);			/* declet 4 */
+  dpd2char((sourmh<<4) | (sourml>>28)); /* declet 5 */
+  dpd2char(sourml>>18);			/* declet 6 */
+  dpd2char(sourml>>8);			/* declet 7 */
+  dpd2char((sourml<<2) | (sourlo>>30)); /* declet 8 */
+  dpd2char(sourlo>>20);			/* declet 9 */
+  dpd2char(sourlo>>10);			/* declet 10 */
+  dpd2char(sourlo);			/* declet 11 */
+  #endif
+
+  if (c==cstart) *c++='0';	   /* all zeros, empty -- make "0" */
+
+  if (exp==0) {			   /* integer or NaN case -- easy */
+    *c='\0';			   /* terminate */
+    return string;
+    }
+  /* non-0 exponent */
+
+  e=0;				   /* assume no E */
+  pre=(Int)(c-cstart)+exp;	   /* length+exp  [c->LSD+1] */
+  /* [here, pre-exp is the digits count (==1 for zero)] */
+
+  if (exp>0 || pre<-5) {	   /* need exponential form */
+    e=pre-1;			   /* calculate E value */
+    pre=1;			   /* assume one digit before '.' */
+    if (e!=0) {			   /* engineering: may need to adjust */
+      Int adj;			   /* adjustment */
+      /* The C remainder operator is undefined for negative numbers, so */
+      /* a positive remainder calculation must be used here */
+      if (e<0) {
+	adj=(-e)%3;
+	if (adj!=0) adj=3-adj;
+	}
+       else { /* e>0 */
+	adj=e%3;
+	}
+      e=e-adj;
+      /* if dealing with zero still produce an exponent which is a */
+      /* multiple of three, as expected, but there will only be the */
+      /* one zero before the E, still.	Otherwise note the padding. */
+      if (!DFISZERO(df)) pre+=adj;
+       else {  /* is zero */
+	if (adj!=0) {		   /* 0.00Esnn needed */
+	  e=e+3;
+	  pre=-(2-adj);
+	  }
+	} /* zero */
+      } /* engineering adjustment */
+    } /* exponential form */
+  /* printf("e=%ld pre=%ld exp=%ld\n", (LI)e, (LI)pre, (LI)exp); */
+
+  /* modify the coefficient, adding 0s, '.', and E+nn as needed */
+  if (pre>0) {			   /* ddd.ddd (plain), perhaps with E */
+				   /* or dd00 padding for engineering */
+    char *dotat=cstart+pre;
+    if (dotat<c) {			/* if embedded dot needed... */
+      /* move by fours; there must be space for junk at the end */
+      /* because there is still space for exponent */
+      s=dotat+ROUNDDOWN4(c-dotat);	/* source */
+      t=s+1;				/* target */
+      /* open the gap */
+      for (; s>=dotat; s-=4, t-=4) UINTAT(t)=UINTAT(s);
+      *dotat='.';
+      c++;				/* length increased by one */
+      } /* need dot? */
+     else for (; c<dotat; c++) *c='0';	/* pad for engineering */
+    } /* pre>0 */
+   else {
+    /* -5<=pre<=0: here for plain 0.ddd or 0.000ddd forms (may have
+       E, but only for 0.00E+3 kind of case -- with plenty of spare
+       space in this case */
+    pre=-pre+2;				/* gap width, including "0." */
+    t=cstart+ROUNDDOWN4(c-cstart)+pre;	/* preferred first target point */
+    /* backoff if too far to the right */
+    if (t>string+DECSTRING-5) t=string+DECSTRING-5; /* adjust to fit */
+    /* now shift the entire coefficient to the right, being careful not */
+    /* to access to the left of string */
+    for (s=t-pre; s>=string; s-=4, t-=4) UINTAT(t)=UINTAT(s);
+    /* for Quads and Singles there may be a character or two left... */
+    s+=3;				/* where next would come from */
+    for(; s>=cstart; s--, t--) *(t+3)=*(s);
+    /* now have fill 0. through 0.00000; use overlaps to avoid tests */
+    if (pre>=4) {
+      UINTAT(cstart+pre-4)=UINTAT("0000");
+      UINTAT(cstart)=UINTAT("0.00");
+      }
+     else { /* 2 or 3 */
+      *(cstart+pre-1)='0';
+      USHORTAT(cstart)=USHORTAT("0.");
+      }
+    c+=pre;				/* to end */
+    }
+
+  /* finally add the E-part, if needed; it will never be 0, and has */
+  /* a maximum length of 3 or 4 digits (asserted above) */
+  if (e!=0) {
+    USHORTAT(c)=USHORTAT("E+");		/* starts with E, assume + */
+    c++;
+    if (e<0) {
+      *c='-';				/* oops, need '-' */
+      e=-e;				/* uInt, please */
+      }
+    c++;
+    /* Three-character exponents are easy; 4-character a little trickier */
+    #if DECEMAXD<=3
+      u=&BIN2BCD8[e*4];			/* -> 3 digits + length byte */
+      /* copy fixed 4 characters [is safe], starting at non-zero */
+      /* and with character mask to convert BCD to char */
+      UINTAT(c)=UINTAT(u+3-*(u+3))|CHARMASK;
+      c+=*(u+3);			/* bump pointer appropriately */
+    #elif DECEMAXD==4
+      if (e<1000) {			/* 3 (or fewer) digits case */
+	u=&BIN2BCD8[e*4];		/* -> 3 digits + length byte */
+	UINTAT(c)=UINTAT(u+3-*(u+3))|CHARMASK; /* [as above] */
+	c+=*(u+3);			/* bump pointer appropriately */
+	}
+       else {				/* 4-digits */
+	Int thou=((e>>3)*1049)>>17;	/* e/1000 */
+	Int rem=e-(1000*thou);		/* e%1000 */
+	*c++=(char)('0'+(char)thou);	/* the thousands digit */
+	u=&BIN2BCD8[rem*4];		/* -> 3 digits + length byte */
+	UINTAT(c)=UINTAT(u)|CHARMASK;	/* copy fixed 3+1 characters [is safe] */
+	c+=3;				/* bump pointer, always 3 digits */
+	}
+    #endif
+    }
+  *c='\0';				/* terminate */
+  /*printf("res %s\n", string); */
+  return string;
+  } /* decFloatToEngString */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatToPacked -- convert decFloat to Packed decimal + exponent  */
+/*								      */
+/*  df is the source decFloat					      */
+/*  exp will be set to the unbiased exponent, q, or to a special      */
+/*    value in the form returned by decFloatGetExponent		      */
+/*  packed is where DECPMAX nibbles will be written with the sign as  */
+/*    final nibble (0x0c for +, 0x0d for -); a NaN has a first nibble */
+/*    of zero, and an infinity is all zeros. decDouble and decQuad    */
+/*    have a additional leading zero nibble, leading to result	      */
+/*    lengths of 4, 9, and 18 bytes.				      */
+/*  returns the sign of the coefficient (DECFLOAT_Sign if negative,   */
+/*    0 otherwise)						      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible, and no status will be set.		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+Int decFloatToPacked(const decFloat *df, Int *exp, uByte *packed) {
+  uByte bcdar[DECPMAX+2];	   /* work buffer */
+  uByte *ip=bcdar, *op=packed;	   /* work pointers */
+  if (DFISINF(df)) {
+    memset(bcdar, 0, DECPMAX+2);
+    *exp=DECFLOAT_Inf;
+    }
+   else {
+    GETCOEFF(df, bcdar+1);	   /* use macro */
+    if (DFISNAN(df)) {
+      bcdar[1]=0;		   /* MSD needs clearing */
+      *exp=DFWORD(df, 0)&0x7e000000;
+      }
+     else {			   /* finite */
+      *exp=GETEXPUN(df);
+      }
+    }
+  /* now pack; coefficient currently at bcdar+1 */
+  #if SINGLE
+    ip++;			   /* ignore first byte */
+  #else
+    *ip=0;			   /* need leading zero */
+  #endif
+  /* set final byte to Packed BCD sign value */
+  bcdar[DECPMAX+1]=(DFISSIGNED(df) ? DECPMINUS : DECPPLUS);
+  /* pack an even number of bytes... */
+  for (; op<packed+((DECPMAX+2)/2); op++, ip+=2) {
+    *op=(uByte)((*ip<<4)+*(ip+1));
+    }
+  return (bcdar[DECPMAX+1]==DECPMINUS ? DECFLOAT_Sign : 0);
+  } /* decFloatToPacked */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatToString -- conversion to numeric string		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  df is the decFloat format number to convert			      */
+/*  string is the string where the result will be laid out	      */
+/*								      */
+/* string must be at least DECPMAX+9 characters (the worst case is    */
+/* "-0.00000nnn...nnn\0", which is as long as the exponent form when  */
+/* DECEMAXD<=4); this condition is asserted above		      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible, and no status will be set		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+char * decFloatToString(const decFloat *df, char *string){
+  uInt msd;			   /* coefficient MSD */
+  Int  exp;			   /* exponent top two bits or full */
+  uInt comb;			   /* combination field */
+  char *cstart;			   /* coefficient start */
+  char *c;			   /* output pointer in string */
+  char *s, *t;			   /* .. (source, target) */
+  Int  pre, e;			   /* work */
+  const uByte *u;		   /* .. */
+
+  /* Source words; macro handles endianness */
+  uInt sourhi=DFWORD(df, 0);	   /* word with sign */
+  #if DECPMAX==16
+  uInt sourlo=DFWORD(df, 1);
+  #elif DECPMAX==34
+  uInt sourmh=DFWORD(df, 1);
+  uInt sourml=DFWORD(df, 2);
+  uInt sourlo=DFWORD(df, 3);
+  #endif
+
+  c=string;			   /* where result will go */
+  if (((Int)sourhi)<0) *c++='-';   /* handle sign */
+  comb=sourhi>>26;		   /* sign+combination field */
+  msd=DECCOMBMSD[comb];		   /* decode the combination field */
+  exp=DECCOMBEXP[comb];		   /* .. */
+
+  if (EXPISSPECIAL(exp)) {	   /* special */
+    if (exp==DECFLOAT_Inf) {	   /* infinity */
+      strcpy(c, "Infinity");
+      return string;		   /* easy */
+      }
+    if (sourhi&0x02000000) *c++='s'; /* sNaN */
+    strcpy(c, "NaN");		   /* complete word */
+    c+=3;			   /* step past */
+    /* quick exit if the payload is zero */
+    #if DECPMAX==7
+    if ((sourhi&0x000fffff)==0) return string;
+    #elif DECPMAX==16
+    if (sourlo==0 && (sourhi&0x0003ffff)==0) return string;
+    #elif DECPMAX==34
+    if (sourlo==0 && sourml==0 && sourmh==0
+     && (sourhi&0x00003fff)==0) return string;
+    #endif
+    /* otherwise drop through to add integer; set correct exp etc. */
+    exp=0; msd=0;		   /* setup for following code */
+    }
+   else { /* complete exponent; top two bits are in place */
+    exp+=GETECON(df)-DECBIAS;	   /* .. + continuation and unbias */
+    }
+
+  /* convert the digits of the significand to characters */
+  cstart=c;			   /* save start of coefficient */
+  if (msd) *c++=(char)('0'+(char)msd);	/* non-zero most significant digit */
+
+  /* Decode the declets.  After extracting each declet, it is */
+  /* decoded to a 4-uByte sequence by table lookup; the four uBytes */
+  /* are the three encoded BCD8 digits followed by a 1-byte length */
+  /* (significant digits, except that 000 has length 0).  This allows */
+  /* us to left-align the first declet with non-zero content, then */
+  /* the remaining ones are full 3-char length.	 Fixed-length copies */
+  /* are used because variable-length memcpy causes a subroutine call */
+  /* in at least two compilers.	 (The copies are length 4 for speed */
+  /* and are safe because the last item in the array is of length */
+  /* three and has the length byte following.) */
+  #define dpd2char(dpdin) u=&DPD2BCD8[((dpdin)&0x3ff)*4];	 \
+	 if (c!=cstart) {UINTAT(c)=UINTAT(u)|CHARMASK; c+=3;}	 \
+	  else if (*(u+3)) {					 \
+	   UINTAT(c)=UINTAT(u+3-*(u+3))|CHARMASK; c+=*(u+3);}
+
+  #if DECPMAX==7
+  dpd2char(sourhi>>10);			/* declet 1 */
+  dpd2char(sourhi);			/* declet 2 */
+
+  #elif DECPMAX==16
+  dpd2char(sourhi>>8);			/* declet 1 */
+  dpd2char((sourhi<<2) | (sourlo>>30)); /* declet 2 */
+  dpd2char(sourlo>>20);			/* declet 3 */
+  dpd2char(sourlo>>10);			/* declet 4 */
+  dpd2char(sourlo);			/* declet 5 */
+
+  #elif DECPMAX==34
+  dpd2char(sourhi>>4);			/* declet 1 */
+  dpd2char((sourhi<<6) | (sourmh>>26)); /* declet 2 */
+  dpd2char(sourmh>>16);			/* declet 3 */
+  dpd2char(sourmh>>6);			/* declet 4 */
+  dpd2char((sourmh<<4) | (sourml>>28)); /* declet 5 */
+  dpd2char(sourml>>18);			/* declet 6 */
+  dpd2char(sourml>>8);			/* declet 7 */
+  dpd2char((sourml<<2) | (sourlo>>30)); /* declet 8 */
+  dpd2char(sourlo>>20);			/* declet 9 */
+  dpd2char(sourlo>>10);			/* declet 10 */
+  dpd2char(sourlo);			/* declet 11 */
+  #endif
+
+  if (c==cstart) *c++='0';	   /* all zeros, empty -- make "0" */
+
+  /*[This fast path is valid but adds 3-5 cycles to worst case length] */
+  /*if (exp==0) {		   // integer or NaN case -- easy */
+  /*  *c='\0';			   // terminate */
+  /*  return string; */
+  /*  } */
+
+  e=0;				   /* assume no E */
+  pre=(Int)(c-cstart)+exp;	   /* length+exp  [c->LSD+1] */
+  /* [here, pre-exp is the digits count (==1 for zero)] */
+
+  if (exp>0 || pre<-5) {	   /* need exponential form */
+    e=pre-1;			   /* calculate E value */
+    pre=1;			   /* assume one digit before '.' */
+    } /* exponential form */
+
+  /* modify the coefficient, adding 0s, '.', and E+nn as needed */
+  if (pre>0) {			   /* ddd.ddd (plain), perhaps with E */
+    char *dotat=cstart+pre;
+    if (dotat<c) {			/* if embedded dot needed... */
+      /* move by fours; there must be space for junk at the end */
+      /* because there is still space for exponent */
+      s=dotat+ROUNDDOWN4(c-dotat);	/* source */
+      t=s+1;				/* target */
+      /* open the gap */
+      for (; s>=dotat; s-=4, t-=4) UINTAT(t)=UINTAT(s);
+      *dotat='.';
+      c++;				/* length increased by one */
+      } /* need dot? */
+
+    /* finally add the E-part, if needed; it will never be 0, and has */
+    /* a maximum length of 3 or 4 digits (asserted above) */
+    if (e!=0) {
+      USHORTAT(c)=USHORTAT("E+");	/* starts with E, assume + */
+      c++;
+      if (e<0) {
+	*c='-';				/* oops, need '-' */
+	e=-e;				/* uInt, please */
+	}
+      c++;
+      /* Three-character exponents are easy; 4-character a little trickier */
+      #if DECEMAXD<=3
+	u=&BIN2BCD8[e*4];		/* -> 3 digits + length byte */
+	/* copy fixed 4 characters [is safe], starting at non-zero */
+	/* and with character mask to convert BCD to char */
+	UINTAT(c)=UINTAT(u+3-*(u+3))|CHARMASK;
+	c+=*(u+3);			/* bump pointer appropriately */
+      #elif DECEMAXD==4
+	if (e<1000) {			/* 3 (or fewer) digits case */
+	  u=&BIN2BCD8[e*4];		/* -> 3 digits + length byte */
+	  UINTAT(c)=UINTAT(u+3-*(u+3))|CHARMASK; /* [as above] */
+	  c+=*(u+3);			/* bump pointer appropriately */
+	  }
+	 else {				/* 4-digits */
+	  Int thou=((e>>3)*1049)>>17;	/* e/1000 */
+	  Int rem=e-(1000*thou);	/* e%1000 */
+	  *c++=(char)('0'+(char)thou);	/* the thousands digit */
+	  u=&BIN2BCD8[rem*4];		/* -> 3 digits + length byte */
+	  UINTAT(c)=UINTAT(u)|CHARMASK; /* copy fixed 3+1 characters [is safe] */
+	  c+=3;				/* bump pointer, always 3 digits */
+	  }
+      #endif
+      }
+    *c='\0';				/* add terminator */
+    /*printf("res %s\n", string); */
+    return string;
+    } /* pre>0 */
+
+  /* -5<=pre<=0: here for plain 0.ddd or 0.000ddd forms (can never have E) */
+  /* Surprisingly, this is close to being the worst-case path, so the */
+  /* shift is done by fours; this is a little tricky because the */
+  /* rightmost character to be written must not be beyond where the */
+  /* rightmost terminator could be -- so backoff to not touch */
+  /* terminator position if need be (this can make exact alignments */
+  /* for full Doubles, but in some cases needs care not to access too */
+  /* far to the left) */
+
+  pre=-pre+2;				/* gap width, including "0." */
+  t=cstart+ROUNDDOWN4(c-cstart)+pre;	/* preferred first target point */
+  /* backoff if too far to the right */
+  if (t>string+DECSTRING-5) t=string+DECSTRING-5; /* adjust to fit */
+  /* now shift the entire coefficient to the right, being careful not */
+  /* to access to the left of string */
+  for (s=t-pre; s>=string; s-=4, t-=4) UINTAT(t)=UINTAT(s);
+  /* for Quads and Singles there may be a character or two left... */
+  s+=3;					/* where next would come from */
+  for(; s>=cstart; s--, t--) *(t+3)=*(s);
+  /* now have fill 0. through 0.00000; use overlaps to avoid tests */
+  if (pre>=4) {
+    UINTAT(cstart+pre-4)=UINTAT("0000");
+    UINTAT(cstart)=UINTAT("0.00");
+    }
+   else { /* 2 or 3 */
+    *(cstart+pre-1)='0';
+    USHORTAT(cstart)=USHORTAT("0.");
+    }
+  *(c+pre)='\0';			/* terminate */
+  return string;
+  } /* decFloatToString */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatToWider -- conversion to next-wider format		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  source  is the decFloat format number which gets the result of    */
+/*	    the conversion					      */
+/*  wider   is the decFloatWider format number which will be narrowed */
+/*  returns wider						      */
+/*								      */
+/* Widening is always exact; no status is set (sNaNs are copied and   */
+/* do not signal).  The result will be canonical if the source is,    */
+/* and may or may not be if the source is not.			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* widening is not possible for decQuad format numbers; simply omit */
+#if !QUAD
+decFloatWider * decFloatToWider(const decFloat *source, decFloatWider *wider) {
+  uInt msd;
+
+  /* Construct and copy the sign word */
+  if (DFISSPECIAL(source)) {
+    /* copy sign, combination, and first bit of exponent (sNaN selector) */
+    DFWWORD(wider, 0)=DFWORD(source, 0)&0xfe000000;
+    msd=0;
+    }
+   else { /* is finite number */
+    uInt exp=GETEXPUN(source)+DECWBIAS; /* get unbiased exponent and rebias */
+    uInt code=(exp>>DECWECONL)<<29;	/* set two bits of exp [msd=0] */
+    code|=(exp<<(32-6-DECWECONL)) & 0x03ffffff; /* add exponent continuation */
+    code|=DFWORD(source, 0)&0x80000000; /* add sign */
+    DFWWORD(wider, 0)=code;		/* .. and place top word in wider */
+    msd=GETMSD(source);			/* get source coefficient MSD [0-9] */
+    }
+  /* Copy the coefficient and clear any 'unused' words to left */
+  #if SINGLE
+    DFWWORD(wider, 1)=(DFWORD(source, 0)&0x000fffff)|(msd<<20);
+  #elif DOUBLE
+    DFWWORD(wider, 2)=(DFWORD(source, 0)&0x0003ffff)|(msd<<18);
+    DFWWORD(wider, 3)=DFWORD(source, 1);
+    DFWWORD(wider, 1)=0;
+  #endif
+  return wider;
+  } /* decFloatToWider */
+#endif
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatVersion -- return package version string		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  returns a constant string describing this package		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+const char *decFloatVersion(void) {
+  return DECVERSION;
+  } /* decFloatVersion */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decFloatZero -- set to canonical (integer) zero		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  df is the decFloat format number to integer +0 (q=0, c=+0)	      */
+/*  returns df							      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible, and no status can be set.		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decFloat * decFloatZero(decFloat *df){
+  DFWORD(df, 0)=ZEROWORD;     /* set appropriate top word */
+  #if DOUBLE || QUAD
+    DFWORD(df, 1)=0;
+    #if QUAD
+      DFWORD(df, 2)=0;
+      DFWORD(df, 3)=0;
+    #endif
+  #endif
+  /* decFloatShow(df, "zero"); */
+  return df;
+  } /* decFloatZero */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Private generic function (not format-specific) for development use */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* This is included once only, for all to use */
+#if QUAD && (DECCHECK || DECTRACE)
+  /* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+  /* decShowNum -- display bcd8 number in debug form		      */
+  /*								      */
+  /*   num is the bcdnum to display				      */
+  /*   tag is a string to label the display			      */
+  /* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+  void decShowNum(const bcdnum *num, const char *tag) {
+    const char *csign="+";		/* sign character */
+    uByte *ub;				/* work */
+    if (num->sign==DECFLOAT_Sign) csign="-";
+
+    printf(">%s> ", tag);
+    if (num->exponent==DECFLOAT_Inf) printf("%sInfinity", csign);
+    else if (num->exponent==DECFLOAT_qNaN) printf("%sqNaN", csign);
+    else if (num->exponent==DECFLOAT_sNaN) printf("%ssNaN", csign);
+    else {				/* finite */
+     char qbuf[10];			/* for right-aligned q */
+     char *c;				/* work */
+     const uByte *u;			/* .. */
+     Int e=num->exponent;		/* .. exponent */
+     strcpy(qbuf, "q=");
+     c=&qbuf[2];			/* where exponent will go */
+     /* lay out the exponent */
+     if (e<0) {
+       *c++='-';			/* add '-' */
+       e=-e;				/* uInt, please */
+       }
+     #if DECEMAXD>4
+       #error Exponent form is too long for ShowNum to lay out
+     #endif
+     if (e==0) *c++='0';		/* 0-length case */
+      else if (e<1000) {		/* 3 (or fewer) digits case */
+       u=&BIN2BCD8[e*4];		/* -> 3 digits + length byte */
+       UINTAT(c)=UINTAT(u+3-*(u+3))|CHARMASK; /* [as above] */
+       c+=*(u+3);			/* bump pointer appropriately */
+       }
+      else {				/* 4-digits */
+       Int thou=((e>>3)*1049)>>17;	/* e/1000 */
+       Int rem=e-(1000*thou);		/* e%1000 */
+       *c++=(char)('0'+(char)thou);	/* the thousands digit */
+       u=&BIN2BCD8[rem*4];		/* -> 3 digits + length byte */
+       UINTAT(c)=UINTAT(u)|CHARMASK;	/* copy fixed 3+1 characters [is safe] */
+       c+=3;				/* bump pointer, always 3 digits */
+       }
+     *c='\0';				/* add terminator */
+     printf("%7s c=%s", qbuf, csign);
+     }
+
+    if (!EXPISSPECIAL(num->exponent) || num->msd!=num->lsd || *num->lsd!=0) {
+      for (ub=num->msd; ub<=num->lsd; ub++) { /* coefficient... */
+	printf("%1x", *ub);
+	if ((num->lsd-ub)%3==0 && ub!=num->lsd) printf(" "); /* 4-space */
+	}
+      }
+    printf("\n");
+    } /* decShowNum */
+#endif

--- a/libdecnumber/decContext.c
+++ b/libdecnumber/decContext.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /* Decimal context module for the decNumber C Library.
-   Copyright (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 2005, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    Contributed by IBM Corporation.  Author Mike Cowlishaw.
 
    This file is part of GCC.
@@ -28,201 +28,405 @@
    Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
    02110-1301, USA.  */
 
-/*  This module compirises the routines for handling the arithmetic
-    context structures. */
-
-#include <string.h>		/* for strcmp */
-#include "config.h"
-#include "decContext.h"		/* context and base types */
-#include "decNumberLocal.h"	/* decNumber local types, etc. */
-
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* decContextDefault -- initialize a context structure                */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*  context is the structure to be initialized                        */
-/*  kind selects the required set of default values, one of:          */
-/*      DEC_INIT_BASE       -- select ANSI X3-274 defaults            */
-/*      DEC_INIT_DECIMAL32  -- select IEEE 754r defaults, 32-bit      */
-/*      DEC_INIT_DECIMAL64  -- select IEEE 754r defaults, 64-bit      */
-/*      DEC_INIT_DECIMAL128 -- select IEEE 754r defaults, 128-bit     */
-/*      For any other value a valid context is returned, but with     */
-/*      Invalid_operation set in the status field.                    */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Decimal Context module					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* This module comprises the routines for handling arithmetic	      */
+/* context structures.						      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+#include <string.h>	      /* for strcmp */
+#include <stdio.h>	      /* for printf if DECCHECK */
+#include "config.h"	      /* for GCC definitions */
+#include "decContext.h"	      /* context and base types */
+#include "decNumberLocal.h"   /* decNumber local types, etc. */
+
+#if DECCHECK
+/* compile-time endian tester [assumes sizeof(Int)>1] */
+static	const  Int mfcone=1;		     /* constant 1 */
+static	const  Flag *mfctop=(Flag *)&mfcone; /* -> top byte */
+#define LITEND *mfctop		   /* named flag; 1=little-endian */
+#endif
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* round-for-reround digits					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+const uByte DECSTICKYTAB[10]={1,1,2,3,4,6,6,7,8,9}; /* used if sticky */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Powers of ten (powers[n]==10**n, 0<=n<=9)			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+const uInt DECPOWERS[10]={1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000,
+			  10000000, 100000000, 1000000000};
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decContextClearStatus -- clear bits in current status	      */
+/*								      */
+/*  context is the context structure to be queried		      */
+/*  mask indicates the bits to be cleared (the status bit that	      */
+/*    corresponds to each 1 bit in the mask is cleared)		      */
+/*  returns context						      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible.					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decContext *decContextClearStatus(decContext *context, uInt mask) {
+  context->status&=~mask;
+  return context;
+  } /* decContextClearStatus */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decContextDefault -- initialize a context structure		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  context is the structure to be initialized			      */
+/*  kind selects the required set of default values, one of:	      */
+/*	DEC_INIT_BASE	    -- select ANSI X3-274 defaults	      */
+/*	DEC_INIT_DECIMAL32  -- select IEEE 754r defaults, 32-bit      */
+/*	DEC_INIT_DECIMAL64  -- select IEEE 754r defaults, 64-bit      */
+/*	DEC_INIT_DECIMAL128 -- select IEEE 754r defaults, 128-bit     */
+/*	For any other value a valid context is returned, but with     */
+/*	Invalid_operation set in the status field.		      */
 /*  returns a context structure with the appropriate initial values.  */
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-decContext *
-decContextDefault (decContext * context, Int kind)
-{
+decContext * decContextDefault(decContext *context, Int kind) {
   /* set defaults... */
-  context->digits = 9;		/* 9 digits */
-  context->emax = DEC_MAX_EMAX;	/* 9-digit exponents */
-  context->emin = DEC_MIN_EMIN;	/* .. balanced */
-  context->round = DEC_ROUND_HALF_UP;	/* 0.5 rises */
-  context->traps = DEC_Errors;	/* all but informational */
-  context->status = 0;		/* cleared */
-  context->clamp = 0;		/* no clamping */
-#if DECSUBSET
-  context->extended = 0;	/* cleared */
-#endif
-  switch (kind)
-    {
+  context->digits=9;			     /* 9 digits */
+  context->emax=DEC_MAX_EMAX;		     /* 9-digit exponents */
+  context->emin=DEC_MIN_EMIN;		     /* .. balanced */
+  context->round=DEC_ROUND_HALF_UP;	     /* 0.5 rises */
+  context->traps=DEC_Errors;		     /* all but informational */
+  context->status=0;			     /* cleared */
+  context->clamp=0;			     /* no clamping */
+  #if DECSUBSET
+  context->extended=0;			     /* cleared */
+  #endif
+  switch (kind) {
     case DEC_INIT_BASE:
       /* [use defaults] */
       break;
     case DEC_INIT_DECIMAL32:
-      context->digits = 7;	/* digits */
-      context->emax = 96;	/* Emax */
-      context->emin = -95;	/* Emin */
-      context->round = DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN;	/* 0.5 to nearest even */
-      context->traps = 0;	/* no traps set */
-      context->clamp = 1;	/* clamp exponents */
-#if DECSUBSET
-      context->extended = 1;	/* set */
-#endif
+      context->digits=7;		     /* digits */
+      context->emax=96;			     /* Emax */
+      context->emin=-95;		     /* Emin */
+      context->round=DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN;    /* 0.5 to nearest even */
+      context->traps=0;			     /* no traps set */
+      context->clamp=1;			     /* clamp exponents */
+      #if DECSUBSET
+      context->extended=1;		     /* set */
+      #endif
       break;
     case DEC_INIT_DECIMAL64:
-      context->digits = 16;	/* digits */
-      context->emax = 384;	/* Emax */
-      context->emin = -383;	/* Emin */
-      context->round = DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN;	/* 0.5 to nearest even */
-      context->traps = 0;	/* no traps set */
-      context->clamp = 1;	/* clamp exponents */
-#if DECSUBSET
-      context->extended = 1;	/* set */
-#endif
+      context->digits=16;		     /* digits */
+      context->emax=384;		     /* Emax */
+      context->emin=-383;		     /* Emin */
+      context->round=DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN;    /* 0.5 to nearest even */
+      context->traps=0;			     /* no traps set */
+      context->clamp=1;			     /* clamp exponents */
+      #if DECSUBSET
+      context->extended=1;		     /* set */
+      #endif
       break;
     case DEC_INIT_DECIMAL128:
-      context->digits = 34;	/* digits */
-      context->emax = 6144;	/* Emax */
-      context->emin = -6143;	/* Emin */
-      context->round = DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN;	/* 0.5 to nearest even */
-      context->traps = 0;	/* no traps set */
-      context->clamp = 1;	/* clamp exponents */
-#if DECSUBSET
-      context->extended = 1;	/* set */
-#endif
+      context->digits=34;		     /* digits */
+      context->emax=6144;		     /* Emax */
+      context->emin=-6143;		     /* Emin */
+      context->round=DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN;    /* 0.5 to nearest even */
+      context->traps=0;			     /* no traps set */
+      context->clamp=1;			     /* clamp exponents */
+      #if DECSUBSET
+      context->extended=1;		     /* set */
+      #endif
       break;
 
-    default:			/* invalid Kind */
+    default:				     /* invalid Kind */
       /* use defaults, and .. */
-      decContextSetStatus (context, DEC_Invalid_operation);	/* trap */
+      decContextSetStatus(context, DEC_Invalid_operation); /* trap */
+    }
+
+  #if DECCHECK
+  if (LITEND!=DECLITEND) {
+    const char *adj;
+    if (LITEND) adj="little";
+	   else adj="big";
+    printf("Warning: DECLITEND is set to %d, but this computer appears to be %s-endian\n",
+	   DECLITEND, adj);
     }
+  #endif
+  return context;} /* decContextDefault */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decContextGetRounding -- return current rounding mode	      */
+/*								      */
+/*  context is the context structure to be queried		      */
+/*  returns the rounding mode					      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible.					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+enum rounding decContextGetRounding(decContext *context) {
+  return context->round;
+  } /* decContextGetRounding */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decContextGetStatus -- return current status			      */
+/*								      */
+/*  context is the context structure to be queried		      */
+/*  returns status						      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible.					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+uInt decContextGetStatus(decContext *context) {
+  return context->status;
+  } /* decContextGetStatus */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decContextRestoreStatus -- restore bits in current status	      */
+/*								      */
+/*  context is the context structure to be updated		      */
+/*  newstatus is the source for the bits to be restored		      */
+/*  mask indicates the bits to be restored (the status bit that	      */
+/*    corresponds to each 1 bit in the mask is set to the value of    */
+/*    the correspnding bit in newstatus)			      */
+/*  returns context						      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible.					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decContext *decContextRestoreStatus(decContext *context,
+				    uInt newstatus, uInt mask) {
+  context->status&=~mask;		/* clear the selected bits */
+  context->status|=(mask&newstatus);	/* or in the new bits */
   return context;
-}				/* decContextDefault */
+  } /* decContextRestoreStatus */
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* decContextStatusToString -- convert status flags to a string       */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*  context is a context with valid status field                      */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*  returns a constant string describing the condition.  If multiple  */
-/*    (or no) flags are set, a generic constant message is returned.  */
+/* decContextSaveStatus -- save bits in current status		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  context is the context structure to be queried		      */
+/*  mask indicates the bits to be saved (the status bits that	      */
+/*    correspond to each 1 bit in the mask are saved)		      */
+/*  returns the AND of the mask and the current status		      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible.					      */
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-const char *
-decContextStatusToString (const decContext * context)
-{
-  Int status = context->status;
-  if (status == DEC_Conversion_syntax)
-    return DEC_Condition_CS;
-  if (status == DEC_Division_by_zero)
-    return DEC_Condition_DZ;
-  if (status == DEC_Division_impossible)
-    return DEC_Condition_DI;
-  if (status == DEC_Division_undefined)
-    return DEC_Condition_DU;
-  if (status == DEC_Inexact)
-    return DEC_Condition_IE;
-  if (status == DEC_Insufficient_storage)
-    return DEC_Condition_IS;
-  if (status == DEC_Invalid_context)
-    return DEC_Condition_IC;
-  if (status == DEC_Invalid_operation)
-    return DEC_Condition_IO;
-#if DECSUBSET
-  if (status == DEC_Lost_digits)
-    return DEC_Condition_LD;
-#endif
-  if (status == DEC_Overflow)
-    return DEC_Condition_OV;
-  if (status == DEC_Clamped)
-    return DEC_Condition_PA;
-  if (status == DEC_Rounded)
-    return DEC_Condition_RO;
-  if (status == DEC_Subnormal)
-    return DEC_Condition_SU;
-  if (status == DEC_Underflow)
-    return DEC_Condition_UN;
-  if (status == 0)
-    return DEC_Condition_ZE;
-  return DEC_Condition_MU;	/* Multiple errors */
-}				/* decContextStatusToString */
-
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* decContextSetStatusFromString -- set status from a string          */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*  context is the controlling context                                */
+uInt decContextSaveStatus(decContext *context, uInt mask) {
+  return context->status&mask;
+  } /* decContextSaveStatus */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decContextSetRounding -- set current rounding mode		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  context is the context structure to be updated		      */
+/*  newround is the value which will replace the current mode	      */
+/*  returns context						      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible.					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decContext *decContextSetRounding(decContext *context,
+				  enum rounding newround) {
+  context->round=newround;
+  return context;
+  } /* decContextSetRounding */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decContextSetStatus -- set status and raise trap if appropriate    */
+/*								      */
+/*  context is the context structure to be updated		      */
+/*  status  is the DEC_ exception code				      */
+/*  returns the context structure				      */
+/*								      */
+/* Control may never return from this routine, if there is a signal   */
+/* handler and it takes a long jump.				      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decContext * decContextSetStatus(decContext *context, uInt status) {
+  context->status|=status;
+  if (status & context->traps) raise(SIGFPE);
+  return context;} /* decContextSetStatus */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decContextSetStatusFromString -- set status from a string + trap   */
+/*								      */
+/*  context is the context structure to be updated		      */
 /*  string is a string exactly equal to one that might be returned    */
-/*            by decContextStatusToString                             */
-/*                                                                    */
+/*	      by decContextStatusToString			      */
+/*								      */
 /*  The status bit corresponding to the string is set, and a trap     */
-/*  is raised if appropriate.                                         */
-/*                                                                    */
+/*  is raised if appropriate.					      */
+/*								      */
 /*  returns the context structure, unless the string is equal to      */
 /*    DEC_Condition_MU or is not recognized.  In these cases NULL is  */
-/*    returned.                                                       */
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-decContext *
-decContextSetStatusFromString (decContext * context, const char *string)
-{
-  if (strcmp (string, DEC_Condition_CS) == 0)
-    return decContextSetStatus (context, DEC_Conversion_syntax);
-  if (strcmp (string, DEC_Condition_DZ) == 0)
-    return decContextSetStatus (context, DEC_Division_by_zero);
-  if (strcmp (string, DEC_Condition_DI) == 0)
-    return decContextSetStatus (context, DEC_Division_impossible);
-  if (strcmp (string, DEC_Condition_DU) == 0)
-    return decContextSetStatus (context, DEC_Division_undefined);
-  if (strcmp (string, DEC_Condition_IE) == 0)
-    return decContextSetStatus (context, DEC_Inexact);
-  if (strcmp (string, DEC_Condition_IS) == 0)
-    return decContextSetStatus (context, DEC_Insufficient_storage);
-  if (strcmp (string, DEC_Condition_IC) == 0)
-    return decContextSetStatus (context, DEC_Invalid_context);
-  if (strcmp (string, DEC_Condition_IO) == 0)
-    return decContextSetStatus (context, DEC_Invalid_operation);
-#if DECSUBSET
-  if (strcmp (string, DEC_Condition_LD) == 0)
-    return decContextSetStatus (context, DEC_Lost_digits);
-#endif
-  if (strcmp (string, DEC_Condition_OV) == 0)
-    return decContextSetStatus (context, DEC_Overflow);
-  if (strcmp (string, DEC_Condition_PA) == 0)
-    return decContextSetStatus (context, DEC_Clamped);
-  if (strcmp (string, DEC_Condition_RO) == 0)
-    return decContextSetStatus (context, DEC_Rounded);
-  if (strcmp (string, DEC_Condition_SU) == 0)
-    return decContextSetStatus (context, DEC_Subnormal);
-  if (strcmp (string, DEC_Condition_UN) == 0)
-    return decContextSetStatus (context, DEC_Underflow);
-  if (strcmp (string, DEC_Condition_ZE) == 0)
+/*    returned.							      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decContext * decContextSetStatusFromString(decContext *context,
+					   const char *string) {
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_CS)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatus(context, DEC_Conversion_syntax);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_DZ)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatus(context, DEC_Division_by_zero);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_DI)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatus(context, DEC_Division_impossible);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_DU)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatus(context, DEC_Division_undefined);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_IE)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatus(context, DEC_Inexact);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_IS)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatus(context, DEC_Insufficient_storage);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_IC)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatus(context, DEC_Invalid_context);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_IO)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatus(context, DEC_Invalid_operation);
+  #if DECSUBSET
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_LD)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatus(context, DEC_Lost_digits);
+  #endif
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_OV)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatus(context, DEC_Overflow);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_PA)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatus(context, DEC_Clamped);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_RO)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatus(context, DEC_Rounded);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_SU)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatus(context, DEC_Subnormal);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_UN)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatus(context, DEC_Underflow);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_ZE)==0)
     return context;
-  return NULL;			/* Multiple status, or unknown */
-}				/* decContextSetStatusFromString */
+  return NULL;	/* Multiple status, or unknown */
+  } /* decContextSetStatusFromString */
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* decContextSetStatus -- set status and raise trap if appropriate    */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*  context is the controlling context                                */
-/*  status  is the DEC_ exception code                                */
-/*  returns the context structure                                     */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* Control may never return from this routine, if there is a signal   */
-/* handler and it takes a long jump.                                  */
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-decContext *
-decContextSetStatus (decContext * context, uInt status)
-{
-  context->status |= status;
-  if (status & context->traps)
-    raise (SIGFPE);
+/* decContextSetStatusFromStringQuiet -- set status from a string     */
+/*								      */
+/*  context is the context structure to be updated		      */
+/*  string is a string exactly equal to one that might be returned    */
+/*	      by decContextStatusToString			      */
+/*								      */
+/*  The status bit corresponding to the string is set; no trap is     */
+/*  raised.							      */
+/*								      */
+/*  returns the context structure, unless the string is equal to      */
+/*    DEC_Condition_MU or is not recognized.  In these cases NULL is  */
+/*    returned.							      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decContext * decContextSetStatusFromStringQuiet(decContext *context,
+						const char *string) {
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_CS)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatusQuiet(context, DEC_Conversion_syntax);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_DZ)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatusQuiet(context, DEC_Division_by_zero);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_DI)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatusQuiet(context, DEC_Division_impossible);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_DU)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatusQuiet(context, DEC_Division_undefined);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_IE)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatusQuiet(context, DEC_Inexact);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_IS)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatusQuiet(context, DEC_Insufficient_storage);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_IC)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatusQuiet(context, DEC_Invalid_context);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_IO)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatusQuiet(context, DEC_Invalid_operation);
+  #if DECSUBSET
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_LD)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatusQuiet(context, DEC_Lost_digits);
+  #endif
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_OV)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatusQuiet(context, DEC_Overflow);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_PA)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatusQuiet(context, DEC_Clamped);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_RO)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatusQuiet(context, DEC_Rounded);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_SU)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatusQuiet(context, DEC_Subnormal);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_UN)==0)
+    return decContextSetStatusQuiet(context, DEC_Underflow);
+  if (strcmp(string, DEC_Condition_ZE)==0)
+    return context;
+  return NULL;	/* Multiple status, or unknown */
+  } /* decContextSetStatusFromStringQuiet */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decContextSetStatusQuiet -- set status without trap		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  context is the context structure to be updated		      */
+/*  status  is the DEC_ exception code				      */
+/*  returns the context structure				      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible.					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decContext * decContextSetStatusQuiet(decContext *context, uInt status) {
+  context->status|=status;
+  return context;} /* decContextSetStatusQuiet */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decContextStatusToString -- convert status flags to a string	      */
+/*								      */
+/*  context is a context with valid status field		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  returns a constant string describing the condition.	 If multiple  */
+/*    (or no) flags are set, a generic constant message is returned.  */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+const char *decContextStatusToString(const decContext *context) {
+  Int status=context->status;
+
+  /* test the five IEEE first, as some of the others are ambiguous when */
+  /* DECEXTFLAG=0 */
+  if (status==DEC_Invalid_operation    ) return DEC_Condition_IO;
+  if (status==DEC_Division_by_zero     ) return DEC_Condition_DZ;
+  if (status==DEC_Overflow	       ) return DEC_Condition_OV;
+  if (status==DEC_Underflow	       ) return DEC_Condition_UN;
+  if (status==DEC_Inexact	       ) return DEC_Condition_IE;
+
+  if (status==DEC_Division_impossible  ) return DEC_Condition_DI;
+  if (status==DEC_Division_undefined   ) return DEC_Condition_DU;
+  if (status==DEC_Rounded	       ) return DEC_Condition_RO;
+  if (status==DEC_Clamped	       ) return DEC_Condition_PA;
+  if (status==DEC_Subnormal	       ) return DEC_Condition_SU;
+  if (status==DEC_Conversion_syntax    ) return DEC_Condition_CS;
+  if (status==DEC_Insufficient_storage ) return DEC_Condition_IS;
+  if (status==DEC_Invalid_context      ) return DEC_Condition_IC;
+  #if DECSUBSET
+  if (status==DEC_Lost_digits	       ) return DEC_Condition_LD;
+  #endif
+  if (status==0			       ) return DEC_Condition_ZE;
+  return DEC_Condition_MU;  /* Multiple errors */
+  } /* decContextStatusToString */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decContextTestSavedStatus -- test bits in saved status	      */
+/*								      */
+/*  oldstatus is the status word to be tested			      */
+/*  mask indicates the bits to be tested (the oldstatus bits that     */
+/*    correspond to each 1 bit in the mask are tested)		      */
+/*  returns 1 if any of the tested bits are 1, or 0 otherwise	      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible.					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+uInt decContextTestSavedStatus(uInt oldstatus, uInt mask) {
+  return (oldstatus&mask)!=0;
+  } /* decContextTestSavedStatus */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decContextTestStatus -- test bits in current status		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  context is the context structure to be updated		      */
+/*  mask indicates the bits to be tested (the status bits that	      */
+/*    correspond to each 1 bit in the mask are tested)		      */
+/*  returns 1 if any of the tested bits are 1, or 0 otherwise	      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible.					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+uInt decContextTestStatus(decContext *context, uInt mask) {
+  return (context->status&mask)!=0;
+  } /* decContextTestStatus */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decContextZeroStatus -- clear all status bits		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  context is the context structure to be updated		      */
+/*  returns context						      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible.					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decContext *decContextZeroStatus(decContext *context) {
+  context->status=0;
   return context;
-}				/* decContextSetStatus */
+  } /* decContextZeroStatus */
+

--- a/libdecnumber/decContext.h
+++ b/libdecnumber/decContext.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/* Decimal Context module header for the decNumber C Library
-   Copyright (C) 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Decimal context header module for the decNumber C Library.
+   Copyright (C) 2005, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    Contributed by IBM Corporation.  Author Mike Cowlishaw.
 
    This file is part of GCC.
@@ -29,159 +29,230 @@
    02110-1301, USA.  */
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* Context must always be set correctly:                              */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*  digits   -- must be in the range 1 through 999999999              */
-/*  emax     -- must be in the range 0 through 999999999              */
-/*  emin     -- must be in the range 0 through -999999999             */
-/*  round    -- must be one of the enumerated rounding modes          */
-/*  traps    -- only defined bits may be set                          */
-/*  status   -- [any bits may be cleared, but not set, by user]       */
-/*  clamp    -- must be either 0 or 1                                 */
+/* Decimal Context module header				      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/*								      */
+/* Context variables must always have valid values:		      */
+/*								      */
+/*  status   -- [any bits may be cleared, but not set, by user]	      */
+/*  round    -- must be one of the enumerated rounding modes	      */
+/*								      */
+/* The following variables are implied for fixed size formats (i.e.,  */
+/* they are ignored) but should still be set correctly in case used   */
+/* with decNumber functions:					      */
+/*								      */
+/*  clamp    -- must be either 0 or 1				      */
+/*  digits   -- must be in the range 1 through 999999999	      */
+/*  emax     -- must be in the range 0 through 999999999	      */
+/*  emin     -- must be in the range 0 through -999999999	      */
 /*  extended -- must be either 0 or 1 [present only if DECSUBSET]     */
-/*                                                                    */
+/*  traps    -- only defined bits may be set			      */
+/*								      */
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
 
 #if !defined(DECCONTEXT)
-#define DECCONTEXT
-#define DECCNAME     "decContext"	/* Short name */
-#define DECCFULLNAME "Decimal Context Descriptor"	/* Verbose name */
-#define DECCAUTHOR   "Mike Cowlishaw"	/* Who to blame */
-
-#include "gstdint.h"		/* C99 standard integers */
-#include <signal.h>		/* for traps */
-
-
-  /* Conditional code flag -- set this to 0 for best performance */
-#define DECSUBSET 0		/* 1 to enable subset arithmetic */
-
-  /* Context for operations, with associated constants */
-enum rounding
-{
-  DEC_ROUND_CEILING,		/* round towards +infinity */
-  DEC_ROUND_UP,			/* round away from 0 */
-  DEC_ROUND_HALF_UP,		/* 0.5 rounds up */
-  DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN,		/* 0.5 rounds to nearest even */
-  DEC_ROUND_HALF_DOWN,		/* 0.5 rounds down */
-  DEC_ROUND_DOWN,		/* round towards 0 (truncate) */
-  DEC_ROUND_FLOOR,		/* round towards -infinity */
-  DEC_ROUND_MAX			/* enum must be less than this */
-};
-
-typedef struct
-{
-  int32_t digits;		/* working precision */
-  int32_t emax;			/* maximum positive exponent */
-  int32_t emin;			/* minimum negative exponent */
-  enum rounding round;		/* rounding mode */
-  uint32_t traps;		/* trap-enabler flags */
-  uint32_t status;		/* status flags */
-  uint8_t clamp;		/* flag: apply IEEE exponent clamp */
-#if DECSUBSET
-  uint8_t extended;		/* flag: special-values allowed */
-#endif
-} decContext;
-
-  /* Maxima and Minima */
-#define DEC_MAX_DIGITS 999999999
-#define DEC_MIN_DIGITS         1
-#define DEC_MAX_EMAX   999999999
-#define DEC_MIN_EMAX           0
-#define DEC_MAX_EMIN           0
-#define DEC_MIN_EMIN  -999999999
-
-  /* Trap-enabler and Status flags (exceptional conditions), and their names */
-  /* Top byte is reserved for internal use */
-#define DEC_Conversion_syntax    0x00000001
-#define DEC_Division_by_zero     0x00000002
-#define DEC_Division_impossible  0x00000004
-#define DEC_Division_undefined   0x00000008
-#define DEC_Insufficient_storage 0x00000010	/* [used if malloc fails] */
-#define DEC_Inexact              0x00000020
-#define DEC_Invalid_context      0x00000040
-#define DEC_Invalid_operation    0x00000080
-#if DECSUBSET
-#define DEC_Lost_digits          0x00000100
-#endif
-#define DEC_Overflow             0x00000200
-#define DEC_Clamped              0x00000400
-#define DEC_Rounded              0x00000800
-#define DEC_Subnormal            0x00001000
-#define DEC_Underflow            0x00002000
-
-  /* IEEE 854 groupings for the flags */
-  /* [DEC_Clamped, DEC_Lost_digits, DEC_Rounded, and DEC_Subnormal are */
-  /* not in IEEE 854] */
-#define DEC_IEEE_854_Division_by_zero  (DEC_Division_by_zero)
-#if DECSUBSET
-#define DEC_IEEE_854_Inexact           (DEC_Inexact | DEC_Lost_digits)
-#else
-#define DEC_IEEE_854_Inexact           (DEC_Inexact)
-#endif
-#define DEC_IEEE_854_Invalid_operation (DEC_Conversion_syntax |     \
-                                          DEC_Division_impossible |   \
-                                          DEC_Division_undefined |    \
-                                          DEC_Insufficient_storage |  \
-                                          DEC_Invalid_context |       \
-                                          DEC_Invalid_operation)
-#define DEC_IEEE_854_Overflow          (DEC_Overflow)
-#define DEC_IEEE_854_Underflow         (DEC_Underflow)
-
-  /* flags which are normally errors (results are qNaN, infinite, or 0) */
-#define DEC_Errors (DEC_IEEE_854_Division_by_zero |                 \
-                      DEC_IEEE_854_Invalid_operation |                \
-                      DEC_IEEE_854_Overflow | DEC_IEEE_854_Underflow)
-  /* flags which cause a result to become qNaN */
-#define DEC_NaNs    DEC_IEEE_854_Invalid_operation
-
-  /* flags which are normally for information only (have finite results) */
-#if DECSUBSET
-#define DEC_Information (DEC_Clamped | DEC_Rounded | DEC_Inexact     \
-                          | DEC_Lost_digits)
-#else
-#define DEC_Information (DEC_Clamped | DEC_Rounded | DEC_Inexact)
-#endif
+  #define DECCONTEXT
+  #define DECCNAME     "decContext"			/* Short name */
+  #define DECCFULLNAME "Decimal Context Descriptor"   /* Verbose name */
+  #define DECCAUTHOR   "Mike Cowlishaw"		      /* Who to blame */
 
-  /* name strings for the exceptional conditions */
-
-#define DEC_Condition_CS "Conversion syntax"
-#define DEC_Condition_DZ "Division by zero"
-#define DEC_Condition_DI "Division impossible"
-#define DEC_Condition_DU "Division undefined"
-#define DEC_Condition_IE "Inexact"
-#define DEC_Condition_IS "Insufficient storage"
-#define DEC_Condition_IC "Invalid context"
-#define DEC_Condition_IO "Invalid operation"
-#if DECSUBSET
-#define DEC_Condition_LD "Lost digits"
-#endif
-#define DEC_Condition_OV "Overflow"
-#define DEC_Condition_PA "Clamped"
-#define DEC_Condition_RO "Rounded"
-#define DEC_Condition_SU "Subnormal"
-#define DEC_Condition_UN "Underflow"
-#define DEC_Condition_ZE "No status"
-#define DEC_Condition_MU "Multiple status"
-#define DEC_Condition_Length 21	/* length of the longest string, */
-				   /* including terminator */
-
-  /* Initialization descriptors, used by decContextDefault */
-#define DEC_INIT_BASE         0
-#define DEC_INIT_DECIMAL32   32
-#define DEC_INIT_DECIMAL64   64
-#define DEC_INIT_DECIMAL128 128
-
-  /* decContext routines */
-#ifdef IN_LIBGCC2
-#define decContextDefault __decContextDefault
-#define decContextSetStatus __decContextSetStatus
-#define decContextStatusToString __decContextStatusToString
-#define decContextSetStatusFromString __decContextSetStatusFromString
-#endif
-decContext *decContextDefault (decContext *, int32_t);
-decContext *decContextSetStatus (decContext *, uint32_t);
-const char *decContextStatusToString (const decContext *);
-decContext *decContextSetStatusFromString (decContext *, const char *);
+  #include "gstdint.h"		   /* C99 standard integers	      */
+  #include <stdio.h>		   /* for printf, etc.		      */
+  #include <signal.h>		   /* for traps			      */
+
+  /* Extended flags setting -- set this to 0 to use only IEEE flags   */
+  #define DECEXTFLAG 1		   /* 1=enable extended flags	      */
+
+  /* Conditional code flag -- set this to 0 for best performance      */
+  #define DECSUBSET  0		   /* 1=enable subset arithmetic      */
+
+  /* Context for operations, with associated constants		      */
+  enum rounding {
+    DEC_ROUND_CEILING,		   /* round towards +infinity	      */
+    DEC_ROUND_UP,		   /* round away from 0		      */
+    DEC_ROUND_HALF_UP,		   /* 0.5 rounds up		      */
+    DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN,	   /* 0.5 rounds to nearest even      */
+    DEC_ROUND_HALF_DOWN,	   /* 0.5 rounds down		      */
+    DEC_ROUND_DOWN,		   /* round towards 0 (truncate)      */
+    DEC_ROUND_FLOOR,		   /* round towards -infinity	      */
+    DEC_ROUND_05UP,		   /* round for reround		      */
+    DEC_ROUND_MAX		   /* enum must be less than this     */
+    };
+  #define DEC_ROUND_DEFAULT DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN;
+
+  typedef struct {
+    int32_t  digits;		   /* working precision		      */
+    int32_t  emax;		   /* maximum positive exponent	      */
+    int32_t  emin;		   /* minimum negative exponent	      */
+    enum     rounding round;	   /* rounding mode		      */
+    uint32_t traps;		   /* trap-enabler flags	      */
+    uint32_t status;		   /* status flags		      */
+    uint8_t  clamp;		   /* flag: apply IEEE exponent clamp */
+    #if DECSUBSET
+    uint8_t  extended;		   /* flag: special-values allowed    */
+    #endif
+    } decContext;
+
+  /* Maxima and Minima for context settings			      */
+  #define DEC_MAX_DIGITS 999999999
+  #define DEC_MIN_DIGITS	 1
+  #define DEC_MAX_EMAX	 999999999
+  #define DEC_MIN_EMAX		 0
+  #define DEC_MAX_EMIN		 0
+  #define DEC_MIN_EMIN	-999999999
+  #define DEC_MAX_MATH	    999999 /* max emax, etc., for math funcs. */
+
+  /* Classifications for decimal numbers, aligned with 754r (note     */
+  /* that 'normal' and 'subnormal' are meaningful only with a	      */
+  /* decContext or a fixed size format).			      */
+  enum decClass {
+    DEC_CLASS_SNAN,
+    DEC_CLASS_QNAN,
+    DEC_CLASS_NEG_INF,
+    DEC_CLASS_NEG_NORMAL,
+    DEC_CLASS_NEG_SUBNORMAL,
+    DEC_CLASS_NEG_ZERO,
+    DEC_CLASS_POS_ZERO,
+    DEC_CLASS_POS_SUBNORMAL,
+    DEC_CLASS_POS_NORMAL,
+    DEC_CLASS_POS_INF
+    };
+  /* Strings for the decClasses */
+  #define DEC_ClassString_SN  "sNaN"
+  #define DEC_ClassString_QN  "NaN"
+  #define DEC_ClassString_NI  "-Infinity"
+  #define DEC_ClassString_NN  "-Normal"
+  #define DEC_ClassString_NS  "-Subnormal"
+  #define DEC_ClassString_NZ  "-Zero"
+  #define DEC_ClassString_PZ  "+Zero"
+  #define DEC_ClassString_PS  "+Subnormal"
+  #define DEC_ClassString_PN  "+Normal"
+  #define DEC_ClassString_PI  "+Infinity"
+  #define DEC_ClassString_UN  "Invalid"
+
+  /* Trap-enabler and Status flags (exceptional conditions), and      */
+  /* their names.  The top byte is reserved for internal use	      */
+  #if DECEXTFLAG
+    /* Extended flags */
+    #define DEC_Conversion_syntax    0x00000001
+    #define DEC_Division_by_zero     0x00000002
+    #define DEC_Division_impossible  0x00000004
+    #define DEC_Division_undefined   0x00000008
+    #define DEC_Insufficient_storage 0x00000010 /* [when malloc fails]	*/
+    #define DEC_Inexact		     0x00000020
+    #define DEC_Invalid_context	     0x00000040
+    #define DEC_Invalid_operation    0x00000080
+    #if DECSUBSET
+    #define DEC_Lost_digits	     0x00000100
+    #endif
+    #define DEC_Overflow	     0x00000200
+    #define DEC_Clamped		     0x00000400
+    #define DEC_Rounded		     0x00000800
+    #define DEC_Subnormal	     0x00001000
+    #define DEC_Underflow	     0x00002000
+  #else
+    /* IEEE flags only */
+    #define DEC_Conversion_syntax    0x00000010
+    #define DEC_Division_by_zero     0x00000002
+    #define DEC_Division_impossible  0x00000010
+    #define DEC_Division_undefined   0x00000010
+    #define DEC_Insufficient_storage 0x00000010 /* [when malloc fails]	*/
+    #define DEC_Inexact		     0x00000001
+    #define DEC_Invalid_context	     0x00000010
+    #define DEC_Invalid_operation    0x00000010
+    #if DECSUBSET
+    #define DEC_Lost_digits	     0x00000000
+    #endif
+    #define DEC_Overflow	     0x00000008
+    #define DEC_Clamped		     0x00000000
+    #define DEC_Rounded		     0x00000000
+    #define DEC_Subnormal	     0x00000000
+    #define DEC_Underflow	     0x00000004
+  #endif
+
+  /* IEEE 854 groupings for the flags				      */
+  /* [DEC_Clamped, DEC_Lost_digits, DEC_Rounded, and DEC_Subnormal    */
+  /* are not in IEEE 854]					      */
+  #define DEC_IEEE_854_Division_by_zero	 (DEC_Division_by_zero)
+  #if DECSUBSET
+  #define DEC_IEEE_854_Inexact		 (DEC_Inexact | DEC_Lost_digits)
+  #else
+  #define DEC_IEEE_854_Inexact		 (DEC_Inexact)
+  #endif
+  #define DEC_IEEE_854_Invalid_operation (DEC_Conversion_syntax |     \
+					  DEC_Division_impossible |   \
+					  DEC_Division_undefined |    \
+					  DEC_Insufficient_storage |  \
+					  DEC_Invalid_context |	      \
+					  DEC_Invalid_operation)
+  #define DEC_IEEE_854_Overflow		 (DEC_Overflow)
+  #define DEC_IEEE_854_Underflow	 (DEC_Underflow)
+
+  /* flags which are normally errors (result is qNaN, infinite, or 0) */
+  #define DEC_Errors (DEC_IEEE_854_Division_by_zero |		      \
+		      DEC_IEEE_854_Invalid_operation |		      \
+		      DEC_IEEE_854_Overflow | DEC_IEEE_854_Underflow)
+  /* flags which cause a result to become qNaN			      */
+  #define DEC_NaNs    DEC_IEEE_854_Invalid_operation
+
+  /* flags which are normally for information only (finite results)   */
+  #if DECSUBSET
+  #define DEC_Information (DEC_Clamped | DEC_Rounded | DEC_Inexact    \
+			  | DEC_Lost_digits)
+  #else
+  #define DEC_Information (DEC_Clamped | DEC_Rounded | DEC_Inexact)
+  #endif
+
+  /* Name strings for the exceptional conditions		      */
+  #define DEC_Condition_CS "Conversion syntax"
+  #define DEC_Condition_DZ "Division by zero"
+  #define DEC_Condition_DI "Division impossible"
+  #define DEC_Condition_DU "Division undefined"
+  #define DEC_Condition_IE "Inexact"
+  #define DEC_Condition_IS "Insufficient storage"
+  #define DEC_Condition_IC "Invalid context"
+  #define DEC_Condition_IO "Invalid operation"
+  #if DECSUBSET
+  #define DEC_Condition_LD "Lost digits"
+  #endif
+  #define DEC_Condition_OV "Overflow"
+  #define DEC_Condition_PA "Clamped"
+  #define DEC_Condition_RO "Rounded"
+  #define DEC_Condition_SU "Subnormal"
+  #define DEC_Condition_UN "Underflow"
+  #define DEC_Condition_ZE "No status"
+  #define DEC_Condition_MU "Multiple status"
+  #define DEC_Condition_Length 21  /* length of the longest string,   */
+				   /* including terminator	      */
+
+  /* Initialization descriptors, used by decContextDefault	      */
+  #define DEC_INIT_BASE		0
+  #define DEC_INIT_DECIMAL32   32
+  #define DEC_INIT_DECIMAL64   64
+  #define DEC_INIT_DECIMAL128 128
+  /* Synonyms */
+  #define DEC_INIT_DECSINGLE  DEC_INIT_DECIMAL32
+  #define DEC_INIT_DECDOUBLE  DEC_INIT_DECIMAL64
+  #define DEC_INIT_DECQUAD    DEC_INIT_DECIMAL128
+
+  /* decContext routines					      */
+
+  #include "decContextSymbols.h"
+
+  extern decContext  * decContextClearStatus(decContext *, uint32_t);
+  extern decContext  * decContextDefault(decContext *, int32_t);
+  extern enum rounding decContextGetRounding(decContext *);
+  extern uint32_t      decContextGetStatus(decContext *);
+  extern decContext  * decContextRestoreStatus(decContext *, uint32_t, uint32_t);
+  extern uint32_t      decContextSaveStatus(decContext *, uint32_t);
+  extern decContext  * decContextSetRounding(decContext *, enum rounding);
+  extern decContext  * decContextSetStatus(decContext *, uint32_t);
+  extern decContext  * decContextSetStatusFromString(decContext *, const char *);
+  extern decContext  * decContextSetStatusFromStringQuiet(decContext *, const char *);
+  extern decContext  * decContextSetStatusQuiet(decContext *, uint32_t);
+  extern const char  * decContextStatusToString(const decContext *);
+  extern uint32_t      decContextTestSavedStatus(uint32_t, uint32_t);
+  extern uint32_t      decContextTestStatus(decContext *, uint32_t);
+  extern decContext  * decContextZeroStatus(decContext *);
 
 #endif

--- /dev/null
+++ b/libdecnumber/decContextSymbols.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#if !defined(DECCONTEXTSYMBOLS)
+#define DECCONTEXTSYMBOLS
+
+#ifdef IN_LIBGCC2
+#define decContextClearStatus __decContextClearStatus
+#define decContextDefault __decContextDefault
+#define decContextGetRounding __decContextGetRounding
+#define decContextGetStatus __decContextGetStatus
+#define decContextRestoreStatus __decContextRestoreStatus
+#define decContextSaveStatus __decContextSaveStatus
+#define decContextSetRounding __decContextSetRounding
+#define decContextSetStatus __decContextSetStatus
+#define decContextSetStatusFromString __decContextSetStatusFromString
+#define decContextSetStatusFromStringQuiet __decContextSetStatusFromStringQuiet
+#define decContextSetStatusQuiet __decContextSetStatusQuiet
+#define decContextStatusToString __decContextStatusToString
+#define decContextTestSavedStatus __decContextTestSavedStatus
+#define decContextTestStatus __decContextTestStatus
+#define decContextZeroStatus __decContextZeroStatus
+#endif
+
+#endif

--- a/libdecnumber/decDPD.h
+++ b/libdecnumber/decDPD.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/* Binary Coded Decimal <--> Densely Packed Decimal lookup tables.
-   Copyright (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Conversion lookup tables for the decNumber C Library.
+   Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    Contributed by IBM Corporation.  Author Mike Cowlishaw.
 
    This file is part of GCC.
@@ -29,506 +29,1186 @@
    02110-1301, USA.  */
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* For details, see: http://www2.hursley.ibm.com/decimal/DPDecimal.html     */
-/*                                                                          */
-/* This include file defines conversion tables for DPD, as follows.         */
-/*                                                                          */
-/*   uint16_t BCD2DPD[2458];     // BCD -> DPD (0x999 => 2457)              */
-/*   uint16_t DPD2BCD[1024];     // DPD -> BCD (0x3FF => 0x999)             */
-/*   uint16_t BIN2DPD[1000];     // BIN -> DPD (999 => 2457)                */
-/*   uint16_t DPD2BIN[1024];     // DPD -> BIN (0x3FF => 999)               */
-/*                                                                          */
+/* Binary Coded Decimal and Densely Packed Decimal conversion lookup tables */
+/* [Automatically generated -- do not edit.  2007.05.05]		    */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* For details, see: http://www2.hursley.ibm.com/decimal/DPDecimal.html	    */
+/*									    */
+/* This include file defines several DPD and BCD conversion tables:	    */
+/*									    */
+/*   uint16_t BCD2DPD[2458];	 -- BCD -> DPD (0x999 => 2457)		    */
+/*   uint16_t BIN2DPD[1000];	 -- Bin -> DPD (999 => 2457)		    */
+/*   uint8_t  BIN2CHAR[4001];	 -- Bin -> CHAR (999 => '\3' '9' '9' '9')   */
+/*   uint8_t  BIN2BCD8[4000];	 -- Bin -> bytes (999 => 9 9 9 3)	    */
+/*   uint16_t DPD2BCD[1024];	 -- DPD -> BCD (0x3FF => 0x999)		    */
+/*   uint16_t DPD2BIN[1024];	 -- DPD -> BIN (0x3FF => 999)		    */
+/*   uint32_t DPD2BINK[1024];	 -- DPD -> BIN * 1000 (0x3FF => 999000)	    */
+/*   uint32_t DPD2BINM[1024];	 -- DPD -> BIN * 1E+6 (0x3FF => 999000000)  */
+/*   uint8_t  DPD2BCD8[4096];	 -- DPD -> bytes (x3FF => 9 9 9 3)	    */
+/*									    */
 /* In all cases the result (10 bits or 12 bits, or binary) is right-aligned */
-/* in the table entry.                                                      */
-/*                                                                          */
-/* To use a table, its name, prefixed with DEC_, must be defined with a     */
-/* value of 1 before this header file is included.  For example:            */
-/*    #define DEC_BCD2DPD 1                                                 */
+/* in the table entry.	BIN2CHAR entries are a single byte length (0 for    */
+/* value 0) followed by three digit characters; a trailing terminator is    */
+/* included to allow 4-char moves always.  BIN2BCD8 and DPD2BCD8 entries    */
+/* are similar with the three BCD8 digits followed by a one-byte length	    */
+/* (again, length=0 for value 0).					    */
+/*									    */
+/* To use a table, its name, prefixed with DEC_, must be defined with a	    */
+/* value of 1 before this header file is included.  For example:	    */
+/*    #define DEC_BCD2DPD 1						    */
+/* This mechanism allows software to only include tables that are needed.   */
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
 
-#if DEC_BCD2DPD==1
+#if defined(DEC_BCD2DPD) && DEC_BCD2DPD==1 && !defined(DECBCD2DPD)
+#define DECBCD2DPD
+
+const uint16_t BCD2DPD[2458]={	  0,	1,    2,    3,	  4,	5,    6,    7,
+    8,	  9,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,   16,	 17,   18,   19,   20,
+   21,	 22,   23,   24,   25,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,   32,   33,
+   34,	 35,   36,   37,   38,	 39,   40,   41,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	 48,   49,   50,   51,	 52,   53,   54,   55,	 56,   57,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,   64,	 65,   66,   67,   68,	 69,   70,   71,   72,
+   73,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,   80,   81,	 82,   83,   84,   85,
+   86,	 87,   88,   89,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,   96,   97,   98,
+   99,	100,  101,  102,  103,	104,  105,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+  112,	113,  114,  115,  116,	117,  118,  119,  120,	121,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,   10,   11,	 42,   43,   74,   75,	106,  107,   78,   79,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,   26,   27,   58,	 59,   90,   91,  122,
+  123,	 94,   95,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	128,  129,  130,  131,	132,  133,  134,  135,	136,  137,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,  144,	145,  146,  147,  148,	149,  150,  151,  152,
+  153,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,  160,  161,	162,  163,  164,  165,
+  166,	167,  168,  169,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,  176,  177,  178,
+  179,	180,  181,  182,  183,	184,  185,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+  192,	193,  194,  195,  196,	197,  198,  199,  200,	201,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,  208,  209,	210,  211,  212,  213,	214,  215,  216,  217,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,  224,  225,  226,	227,  228,  229,  230,
+  231,	232,  233,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	240,  241,  242,  243,
+  244,	245,  246,  247,  248,	249,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,  138,
+  139,	170,  171,  202,  203,	234,  235,  206,  207,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,  154,  155,  186,	187,  218,  219,  250,	251,  222,  223,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,  256,  257,  258,
+  259,	260,  261,  262,  263,	264,  265,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+  272,	273,  274,  275,  276,	277,  278,  279,  280,	281,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,  288,  289,	290,  291,  292,  293,	294,  295,  296,  297,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,  304,  305,  306,	307,  308,  309,  310,
+  311,	312,  313,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	320,  321,  322,  323,
+  324,	325,  326,  327,  328,	329,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,  336,
+  337,	338,  339,  340,  341,	342,  343,  344,  345,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,  352,  353,  354,	355,  356,  357,  358,	359,  360,  361,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	368,  369,  370,  371,	372,  373,  374,  375,
+  376,	377,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,  266,	267,  298,  299,  330,
+  331,	362,  363,  334,  335,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,  282,  283,
+  314,	315,  346,  347,  378,	379,  350,  351,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,  384,  385,  386,	387,  388,  389,  390,
+  391,	392,  393,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	400,  401,  402,  403,
+  404,	405,  406,  407,  408,	409,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,  416,
+  417,	418,  419,  420,  421,	422,  423,  424,  425,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,  432,  433,  434,	435,  436,  437,  438,	439,  440,  441,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	448,  449,  450,  451,	452,  453,  454,  455,
+  456,	457,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,  464,	465,  466,  467,  468,
+  469,	470,  471,  472,  473,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,  480,  481,
+  482,	483,  484,  485,  486,	487,  488,  489,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	496,  497,  498,  499,	500,  501,  502,  503,	504,  505,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,  394,	395,  426,  427,  458,	459,  490,  491,  462,
+  463,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,  410,  411,	442,  443,  474,  475,
+  506,	507,  478,  479,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,  512,  513,  514,	515,  516,  517,  518,	519,  520,  521,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	528,  529,  530,  531,	532,  533,  534,  535,
+  536,	537,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,  544,	545,  546,  547,  548,
+  549,	550,  551,  552,  553,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,  560,  561,
+  562,	563,  564,  565,  566,	567,  568,  569,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	576,  577,  578,  579,	580,  581,  582,  583,	584,  585,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,  592,	593,  594,  595,  596,	597,  598,  599,  600,
+  601,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,  608,  609,	610,  611,  612,  613,
+  614,	615,  616,  617,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,  624,  625,  626,
+  627,	628,  629,  630,  631,	632,  633,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+  522,	523,  554,  555,  586,	587,  618,  619,  590,	591,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,  538,  539,	570,  571,  602,  603,	634,  635,  606,  607,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,  640,  641,
+  642,	643,  644,  645,  646,	647,  648,  649,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	656,  657,  658,  659,	660,  661,  662,  663,	664,  665,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,  672,	673,  674,  675,  676,	677,  678,  679,  680,
+  681,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,  688,  689,	690,  691,  692,  693,
+  694,	695,  696,  697,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,  704,  705,  706,
+  707,	708,  709,  710,  711,	712,  713,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+  720,	721,  722,  723,  724,	725,  726,  727,  728,	729,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,  736,  737,	738,  739,  740,  741,	742,  743,  744,  745,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,  752,  753,  754,	755,  756,  757,  758,
+  759,	760,  761,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	650,  651,  682,  683,
+  714,	715,  746,  747,  718,	719,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,  666,
+  667,	698,  699,  730,  731,	762,  763,  734,  735,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,  768,  769,	770,  771,  772,  773,
+  774,	775,  776,  777,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,  784,  785,  786,
+  787,	788,  789,  790,  791,	792,  793,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+  800,	801,  802,  803,  804,	805,  806,  807,  808,	809,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,  816,  817,	818,  819,  820,  821,	822,  823,  824,  825,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,  832,  833,  834,	835,  836,  837,  838,
+  839,	840,  841,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	848,  849,  850,  851,
+  852,	853,  854,  855,  856,	857,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,  864,
+  865,	866,  867,  868,  869,	870,  871,  872,  873,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,  880,  881,  882,	883,  884,  885,  886,	887,  888,  889,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	778,  779,  810,  811,	842,  843,  874,  875,
+  846,	847,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,  794,	795,  826,  827,  858,
+  859,	890,  891,  862,  863,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,  896,  897,	898,  899,  900,  901,	902,  903,  904,  905,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,  912,  913,  914,	915,  916,  917,  918,
+  919,	920,  921,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	928,  929,  930,  931,
+  932,	933,  934,  935,  936,	937,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,  944,
+  945,	946,  947,  948,  949,	950,  951,  952,  953,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,  960,  961,  962,	963,  964,  965,  966,	967,  968,  969,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	976,  977,  978,  979,	980,  981,  982,  983,
+  984,	985,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,  992,	993,  994,  995,  996,
+  997,	998,  999, 1000, 1001,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0, 1008, 1009,
+ 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	906,  907,  938,  939,	970,  971, 1002, 1003,	974,  975,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,  922,	923,  954,  955,  986,	987, 1018, 1019,  990,
+  991,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,   12,
+   13,	268,  269,  524,  525,	780,  781,   46,   47,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,   28,   29,  284,	285,  540,  541,  796,	797,   62,   63,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	 44,   45,  300,  301,	556,  557,  812,  813,
+  302,	303,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,   60,	 61,  316,  317,  572,
+  573,	828,  829,  318,  319,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,   76,   77,
+  332,	333,  588,  589,  844,	845,  558,  559,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	 92,   93,  348,  349,	604,  605,  860,  861,	574,  575,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,  108,	109,  364,  365,  620,	621,  876,  877,  814,
+  815,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,  124,  125,	380,  381,  636,  637,
+  892,	893,  830,  831,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,   14,   15,  270,
+  271,	526,  527,  782,  783,	110,  111,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+   30,	 31,  286,  287,  542,	543,  798,  799,  126,	127,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,  140,	141,  396,  397,  652,
+  653,	908,  909,  174,  175,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,  156,  157,
+  412,	413,  668,  669,  924,	925,  190,  191,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	172,  173,  428,  429,	684,  685,  940,  941,	430,  431,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,  188,	189,  444,  445,  700,	701,  956,  957,  446,
+  447,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,	0,  204,  205,	460,  461,  716,  717,
+  972,	973,  686,  687,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,  220,  221,  476,
+  477,	732,  733,  988,  989,	702,  703,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,
+  236,	237,  492,  493,  748,	749, 1004, 1005,  942,	943,	0,    0,    0,
+    0,	  0,	0,  252,  253,	508,  509,  764,  765, 1020, 1021,  958,  959,
+    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	  0,  142,  143,  398,	399,  654,  655,  910,
+  911,	238,  239,    0,    0,	  0,	0,    0,    0,	158,  159,  414,  415,
+  670,	671,  926,  927,  254,	255};
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DEC_DPD2BCD) && DEC_DPD2BCD==1 && !defined(DECDPD2BCD)
+#define DECDPD2BCD
+
+const uint16_t DPD2BCD[1024]={	  0,	1,    2,    3,	  4,	5,    6,    7,
+    8,	  9,  128,  129, 2048, 2049, 2176, 2177,   16,	 17,   18,   19,   20,
+   21,	 22,   23,   24,   25,	144,  145, 2064, 2065, 2192, 2193,   32,   33,
+   34,	 35,   36,   37,   38,	 39,   40,   41,  130,	131, 2080, 2081, 2056,
+ 2057,	 48,   49,   50,   51,	 52,   53,   54,   55,	 56,   57,  146,  147,
+ 2096, 2097, 2072, 2073,   64,	 65,   66,   67,   68,	 69,   70,   71,   72,
+   73,	132,  133, 2112, 2113,	136,  137,   80,   81,	 82,   83,   84,   85,
+   86,	 87,   88,   89,  148,	149, 2128, 2129,  152,	153,   96,   97,   98,
+   99,	100,  101,  102,  103,	104,  105,  134,  135, 2144, 2145, 2184, 2185,
+  112,	113,  114,  115,  116,	117,  118,  119,  120,	121,  150,  151, 2160,
+ 2161, 2200, 2201,  256,  257,	258,  259,  260,  261,	262,  263,  264,  265,
+  384,	385, 2304, 2305, 2432, 2433,  272,  273,  274,	275,  276,  277,  278,
+  279,	280,  281,  400,  401, 2320, 2321, 2448, 2449,	288,  289,  290,  291,
+  292,	293,  294,  295,  296,	297,  386,  387, 2336, 2337, 2312, 2313,  304,
+  305,	306,  307,  308,  309,	310,  311,  312,  313,	402,  403, 2352, 2353,
+ 2328, 2329,  320,  321,  322,	323,  324,  325,  326,	327,  328,  329,  388,
+  389, 2368, 2369,  392,  393,	336,  337,  338,  339,	340,  341,  342,  343,
+  344,	345,  404,  405, 2384, 2385,  408,  409,  352,	353,  354,  355,  356,
+  357,	358,  359,  360,  361,	390,  391, 2400, 2401, 2440, 2441,  368,  369,
+  370,	371,  372,  373,  374,	375,  376,  377,  406,	407, 2416, 2417, 2456,
+ 2457,	512,  513,  514,  515,	516,  517,  518,  519,	520,  521,  640,  641,
+ 2050, 2051, 2178, 2179,  528,	529,  530,  531,  532,	533,  534,  535,  536,
+  537,	656,  657, 2066, 2067, 2194, 2195,  544,  545,	546,  547,  548,  549,
+  550,	551,  552,  553,  642,	643, 2082, 2083, 2088, 2089,  560,  561,  562,
+  563,	564,  565,  566,  567,	568,  569,  658,  659, 2098, 2099, 2104, 2105,
+  576,	577,  578,  579,  580,	581,  582,  583,  584,	585,  644,  645, 2114,
+ 2115,	648,  649,  592,  593,	594,  595,  596,  597,	598,  599,  600,  601,
+  660,	661, 2130, 2131,  664,	665,  608,  609,  610,	611,  612,  613,  614,
+  615,	616,  617,  646,  647, 2146, 2147, 2184, 2185,	624,  625,  626,  627,
+  628,	629,  630,  631,  632,	633,  662,  663, 2162, 2163, 2200, 2201,  768,
+  769,	770,  771,  772,  773,	774,  775,  776,  777,	896,  897, 2306, 2307,
+ 2434, 2435,  784,  785,  786,	787,  788,  789,  790,	791,  792,  793,  912,
+  913, 2322, 2323, 2450, 2451,	800,  801,  802,  803,	804,  805,  806,  807,
+  808,	809,  898,  899, 2338, 2339, 2344, 2345,  816,	817,  818,  819,  820,
+  821,	822,  823,  824,  825,	914,  915, 2354, 2355, 2360, 2361,  832,  833,
+  834,	835,  836,  837,  838,	839,  840,  841,  900,	901, 2370, 2371,  904,
+  905,	848,  849,  850,  851,	852,  853,  854,  855,	856,  857,  916,  917,
+ 2386, 2387,  920,  921,  864,	865,  866,  867,  868,	869,  870,  871,  872,
+  873,	902,  903, 2402, 2403, 2440, 2441,  880,  881,	882,  883,  884,  885,
+  886,	887,  888,  889,  918,	919, 2418, 2419, 2456, 2457, 1024, 1025, 1026,
+ 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1152, 1153, 2052, 2053, 2180, 2181,
+ 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1168, 1169, 2068,
+ 2069, 2196, 2197, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065,
+ 1154, 1155, 2084, 2085, 2120, 2121, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1078,
+ 1079, 1080, 1081, 1170, 1171, 2100, 2101, 2136, 2137, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091,
+ 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1156, 1157, 2116, 2117, 1160, 1161, 1104,
+ 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1172, 1173, 2132, 2133,
+ 1176, 1177, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129, 1158,
+ 1159, 2148, 2149, 2184, 2185, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1143,
+ 1144, 1145, 1174, 1175, 2164, 2165, 2200, 2201, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283, 1284,
+ 1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1408, 1409, 2308, 2309, 2436, 2437, 1296, 1297,
+ 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1424, 1425, 2324, 2325, 2452,
+ 2453, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1410, 1411,
+ 2340, 2341, 2376, 2377, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335, 1336,
+ 1337, 1426, 1427, 2356, 2357, 2392, 2393, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348, 1349,
+ 1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1412, 1413, 2372, 2373, 1416, 1417, 1360, 1361, 1362,
+ 1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1428, 1429, 2388, 2389, 1432, 1433,
+ 1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1414, 1415, 2404,
+ 2405, 2440, 2441, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400, 1401,
+ 1430, 1431, 2420, 2421, 2456, 2457, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541, 1542,
+ 1543, 1544, 1545, 1664, 1665, 2054, 2055, 2182, 2183, 1552, 1553, 1554, 1555,
+ 1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1680, 1681, 2070, 2071, 2198, 2199, 1568,
+ 1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1666, 1667, 2086, 2087,
+ 2152, 2153, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593, 1682,
+ 1683, 2102, 2103, 2168, 2169, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606, 1607,
+ 1608, 1609, 1668, 1669, 2118, 2119, 1672, 1673, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619, 1620,
+ 1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1684, 1685, 2134, 2135, 1688, 1689, 1632, 1633,
+ 1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1670, 1671, 2150, 2151, 2184,
+ 2185, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1686, 1687,
+ 2166, 2167, 2200, 2201, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800,
+ 1801, 1920, 1921, 2310, 2311, 2438, 2439, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813,
+ 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1936, 1937, 2326, 2327, 2454, 2455, 1824, 1825, 1826,
+ 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1922, 1923, 2342, 2343, 2408, 2409,
+ 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1938, 1939, 2358,
+ 2359, 2424, 2425, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865,
+ 1924, 1925, 2374, 2375, 1928, 1929, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878,
+ 1879, 1880, 1881, 1940, 1941, 2390, 2391, 1944, 1945, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891,
+ 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1926, 1927, 2406, 2407, 2440, 2441, 1904,
+ 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1942, 1943, 2422, 2423,
+ 2456, 2457};
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DEC_BIN2DPD) && DEC_BIN2DPD==1 && !defined(DECBIN2DPD)
+#define DECBIN2DPD
+
+const uint16_t BIN2DPD[1000]={	  0,	1,    2,    3,	  4,	5,    6,    7,
+    8,	  9,   16,   17,   18,	 19,   20,   21,   22,	 23,   24,   25,   32,
+   33,	 34,   35,   36,   37,	 38,   39,   40,   41,	 48,   49,   50,   51,
+   52,	 53,   54,   55,   56,	 57,   64,   65,   66,	 67,   68,   69,   70,
+   71,	 72,   73,   80,   81,	 82,   83,   84,   85,	 86,   87,   88,   89,
+   96,	 97,   98,   99,  100,	101,  102,  103,  104,	105,  112,  113,  114,
+  115,	116,  117,  118,  119,	120,  121,   10,   11,	 42,   43,   74,   75,
+  106,	107,   78,   79,   26,	 27,   58,   59,   90,	 91,  122,  123,   94,
+   95,	128,  129,  130,  131,	132,  133,  134,  135,	136,  137,  144,  145,
+  146,	147,  148,  149,  150,	151,  152,  153,  160,	161,  162,  163,  164,
+  165,	166,  167,  168,  169,	176,  177,  178,  179,	180,  181,  182,  183,
+  184,	185,  192,  193,  194,	195,  196,  197,  198,	199,  200,  201,  208,
+  209,	210,  211,  212,  213,	214,  215,  216,  217,	224,  225,  226,  227,
+  228,	229,  230,  231,  232,	233,  240,  241,  242,	243,  244,  245,  246,
+  247,	248,  249,  138,  139,	170,  171,  202,  203,	234,  235,  206,  207,
+  154,	155,  186,  187,  218,	219,  250,  251,  222,	223,  256,  257,  258,
+  259,	260,  261,  262,  263,	264,  265,  272,  273,	274,  275,  276,  277,
+  278,	279,  280,  281,  288,	289,  290,  291,  292,	293,  294,  295,  296,
+  297,	304,  305,  306,  307,	308,  309,  310,  311,	312,  313,  320,  321,
+  322,	323,  324,  325,  326,	327,  328,  329,  336,	337,  338,  339,  340,
+  341,	342,  343,  344,  345,	352,  353,  354,  355,	356,  357,  358,  359,
+  360,	361,  368,  369,  370,	371,  372,  373,  374,	375,  376,  377,  266,
+  267,	298,  299,  330,  331,	362,  363,  334,  335,	282,  283,  314,  315,
+  346,	347,  378,  379,  350,	351,  384,  385,  386,	387,  388,  389,  390,
+  391,	392,  393,  400,  401,	402,  403,  404,  405,	406,  407,  408,  409,
+  416,	417,  418,  419,  420,	421,  422,  423,  424,	425,  432,  433,  434,
+  435,	436,  437,  438,  439,	440,  441,  448,  449,	450,  451,  452,  453,
+  454,	455,  456,  457,  464,	465,  466,  467,  468,	469,  470,  471,  472,
+  473,	480,  481,  482,  483,	484,  485,  486,  487,	488,  489,  496,  497,
+  498,	499,  500,  501,  502,	503,  504,  505,  394,	395,  426,  427,  458,
+  459,	490,  491,  462,  463,	410,  411,  442,  443,	474,  475,  506,  507,
+  478,	479,  512,  513,  514,	515,  516,  517,  518,	519,  520,  521,  528,
+  529,	530,  531,  532,  533,	534,  535,  536,  537,	544,  545,  546,  547,
+  548,	549,  550,  551,  552,	553,  560,  561,  562,	563,  564,  565,  566,
+  567,	568,  569,  576,  577,	578,  579,  580,  581,	582,  583,  584,  585,
+  592,	593,  594,  595,  596,	597,  598,  599,  600,	601,  608,  609,  610,
+  611,	612,  613,  614,  615,	616,  617,  624,  625,	626,  627,  628,  629,
+  630,	631,  632,  633,  522,	523,  554,  555,  586,	587,  618,  619,  590,
+  591,	538,  539,  570,  571,	602,  603,  634,  635,	606,  607,  640,  641,
+  642,	643,  644,  645,  646,	647,  648,  649,  656,	657,  658,  659,  660,
+  661,	662,  663,  664,  665,	672,  673,  674,  675,	676,  677,  678,  679,
+  680,	681,  688,  689,  690,	691,  692,  693,  694,	695,  696,  697,  704,
+  705,	706,  707,  708,  709,	710,  711,  712,  713,	720,  721,  722,  723,
+  724,	725,  726,  727,  728,	729,  736,  737,  738,	739,  740,  741,  742,
+  743,	744,  745,  752,  753,	754,  755,  756,  757,	758,  759,  760,  761,
+  650,	651,  682,  683,  714,	715,  746,  747,  718,	719,  666,  667,  698,
+  699,	730,  731,  762,  763,	734,  735,  768,  769,	770,  771,  772,  773,
+  774,	775,  776,  777,  784,	785,  786,  787,  788,	789,  790,  791,  792,
+  793,	800,  801,  802,  803,	804,  805,  806,  807,	808,  809,  816,  817,
+  818,	819,  820,  821,  822,	823,  824,  825,  832,	833,  834,  835,  836,
+  837,	838,  839,  840,  841,	848,  849,  850,  851,	852,  853,  854,  855,
+  856,	857,  864,  865,  866,	867,  868,  869,  870,	871,  872,  873,  880,
+  881,	882,  883,  884,  885,	886,  887,  888,  889,	778,  779,  810,  811,
+  842,	843,  874,  875,  846,	847,  794,  795,  826,	827,  858,  859,  890,
+  891,	862,  863,  896,  897,	898,  899,  900,  901,	902,  903,  904,  905,
+  912,	913,  914,  915,  916,	917,  918,  919,  920,	921,  928,  929,  930,
+  931,	932,  933,  934,  935,	936,  937,  944,  945,	946,  947,  948,  949,
+  950,	951,  952,  953,  960,	961,  962,  963,  964,	965,  966,  967,  968,
+  969,	976,  977,  978,  979,	980,  981,  982,  983,	984,  985,  992,  993,
+  994,	995,  996,  997,  998,	999, 1000, 1001, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012,
+ 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017,	906,  907,  938,  939,	970,  971, 1002, 1003,
+  974,	975,  922,  923,  954,	955,  986,  987, 1018, 1019,  990,  991,   12,
+   13,	268,  269,  524,  525,	780,  781,   46,   47,	 28,   29,  284,  285,
+  540,	541,  796,  797,   62,	 63,   44,   45,  300,	301,  556,  557,  812,
+  813,	302,  303,   60,   61,	316,  317,  572,  573,	828,  829,  318,  319,
+   76,	 77,  332,  333,  588,	589,  844,  845,  558,	559,   92,   93,  348,
+  349,	604,  605,  860,  861,	574,  575,  108,  109,	364,  365,  620,  621,
+  876,	877,  814,  815,  124,	125,  380,  381,  636,	637,  892,  893,  830,
+  831,	 14,   15,  270,  271,	526,  527,  782,  783,	110,  111,   30,   31,
+  286,	287,  542,  543,  798,	799,  126,  127,  140,	141,  396,  397,  652,
+  653,	908,  909,  174,  175,	156,  157,  412,  413,	668,  669,  924,  925,
+  190,	191,  172,  173,  428,	429,  684,  685,  940,	941,  430,  431,  188,
+  189,	444,  445,  700,  701,	956,  957,  446,  447,	204,  205,  460,  461,
+  716,	717,  972,  973,  686,	687,  220,  221,  476,	477,  732,  733,  988,
+  989,	702,  703,  236,  237,	492,  493,  748,  749, 1004, 1005,  942,  943,
+  252,	253,  508,  509,  764,	765, 1020, 1021,  958,	959,  142,  143,  398,
+  399,	654,  655,  910,  911,	238,  239,  158,  159,	414,  415,  670,  671,
+  926,	927,  254,  255};
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DEC_DPD2BIN) && DEC_DPD2BIN==1 && !defined(DECDPD2BIN)
+#define DECDPD2BIN
+
+const uint16_t DPD2BIN[1024]={	  0,	1,    2,    3,	  4,	5,    6,    7,
+    8,	  9,   80,   81,  800,	801,  880,  881,   10,	 11,   12,   13,   14,
+   15,	 16,   17,   18,   19,	 90,   91,  810,  811,	890,  891,   20,   21,
+   22,	 23,   24,   25,   26,	 27,   28,   29,   82,	 83,  820,  821,  808,
+  809,	 30,   31,   32,   33,	 34,   35,   36,   37,	 38,   39,   92,   93,
+  830,	831,  818,  819,   40,	 41,   42,   43,   44,	 45,   46,   47,   48,
+   49,	 84,   85,  840,  841,	 88,   89,   50,   51,	 52,   53,   54,   55,
+   56,	 57,   58,   59,   94,	 95,  850,  851,   98,	 99,   60,   61,   62,
+   63,	 64,   65,   66,   67,	 68,   69,   86,   87,	860,  861,  888,  889,
+   70,	 71,   72,   73,   74,	 75,   76,   77,   78,	 79,   96,   97,  870,
+  871,	898,  899,  100,  101,	102,  103,  104,  105,	106,  107,  108,  109,
+  180,	181,  900,  901,  980,	981,  110,  111,  112,	113,  114,  115,  116,
+  117,	118,  119,  190,  191,	910,  911,  990,  991,	120,  121,  122,  123,
+  124,	125,  126,  127,  128,	129,  182,  183,  920,	921,  908,  909,  130,
+  131,	132,  133,  134,  135,	136,  137,  138,  139,	192,  193,  930,  931,
+  918,	919,  140,  141,  142,	143,  144,  145,  146,	147,  148,  149,  184,
+  185,	940,  941,  188,  189,	150,  151,  152,  153,	154,  155,  156,  157,
+  158,	159,  194,  195,  950,	951,  198,  199,  160,	161,  162,  163,  164,
+  165,	166,  167,  168,  169,	186,  187,  960,  961,	988,  989,  170,  171,
+  172,	173,  174,  175,  176,	177,  178,  179,  196,	197,  970,  971,  998,
+  999,	200,  201,  202,  203,	204,  205,  206,  207,	208,  209,  280,  281,
+  802,	803,  882,  883,  210,	211,  212,  213,  214,	215,  216,  217,  218,
+  219,	290,  291,  812,  813,	892,  893,  220,  221,	222,  223,  224,  225,
+  226,	227,  228,  229,  282,	283,  822,  823,  828,	829,  230,  231,  232,
+  233,	234,  235,  236,  237,	238,  239,  292,  293,	832,  833,  838,  839,
+  240,	241,  242,  243,  244,	245,  246,  247,  248,	249,  284,  285,  842,
+  843,	288,  289,  250,  251,	252,  253,  254,  255,	256,  257,  258,  259,
+  294,	295,  852,  853,  298,	299,  260,  261,  262,	263,  264,  265,  266,
+  267,	268,  269,  286,  287,	862,  863,  888,  889,	270,  271,  272,  273,
+  274,	275,  276,  277,  278,	279,  296,  297,  872,	873,  898,  899,  300,
+  301,	302,  303,  304,  305,	306,  307,  308,  309,	380,  381,  902,  903,
+  982,	983,  310,  311,  312,	313,  314,  315,  316,	317,  318,  319,  390,
+  391,	912,  913,  992,  993,	320,  321,  322,  323,	324,  325,  326,  327,
+  328,	329,  382,  383,  922,	923,  928,  929,  330,	331,  332,  333,  334,
+  335,	336,  337,  338,  339,	392,  393,  932,  933,	938,  939,  340,  341,
+  342,	343,  344,  345,  346,	347,  348,  349,  384,	385,  942,  943,  388,
+  389,	350,  351,  352,  353,	354,  355,  356,  357,	358,  359,  394,  395,
+  952,	953,  398,  399,  360,	361,  362,  363,  364,	365,  366,  367,  368,
+  369,	386,  387,  962,  963,	988,  989,  370,  371,	372,  373,  374,  375,
+  376,	377,  378,  379,  396,	397,  972,  973,  998,	999,  400,  401,  402,
+  403,	404,  405,  406,  407,	408,  409,  480,  481,	804,  805,  884,  885,
+  410,	411,  412,  413,  414,	415,  416,  417,  418,	419,  490,  491,  814,
+  815,	894,  895,  420,  421,	422,  423,  424,  425,	426,  427,  428,  429,
+  482,	483,  824,  825,  848,	849,  430,  431,  432,	433,  434,  435,  436,
+  437,	438,  439,  492,  493,	834,  835,  858,  859,	440,  441,  442,  443,
+  444,	445,  446,  447,  448,	449,  484,  485,  844,	845,  488,  489,  450,
+  451,	452,  453,  454,  455,	456,  457,  458,  459,	494,  495,  854,  855,
+  498,	499,  460,  461,  462,	463,  464,  465,  466,	467,  468,  469,  486,
+  487,	864,  865,  888,  889,	470,  471,  472,  473,	474,  475,  476,  477,
+  478,	479,  496,  497,  874,	875,  898,  899,  500,	501,  502,  503,  504,
+  505,	506,  507,  508,  509,	580,  581,  904,  905,	984,  985,  510,  511,
+  512,	513,  514,  515,  516,	517,  518,  519,  590,	591,  914,  915,  994,
+  995,	520,  521,  522,  523,	524,  525,  526,  527,	528,  529,  582,  583,
+  924,	925,  948,  949,  530,	531,  532,  533,  534,	535,  536,  537,  538,
+  539,	592,  593,  934,  935,	958,  959,  540,  541,	542,  543,  544,  545,
+  546,	547,  548,  549,  584,	585,  944,  945,  588,	589,  550,  551,  552,
+  553,	554,  555,  556,  557,	558,  559,  594,  595,	954,  955,  598,  599,
+  560,	561,  562,  563,  564,	565,  566,  567,  568,	569,  586,  587,  964,
+  965,	988,  989,  570,  571,	572,  573,  574,  575,	576,  577,  578,  579,
+  596,	597,  974,  975,  998,	999,  600,  601,  602,	603,  604,  605,  606,
+  607,	608,  609,  680,  681,	806,  807,  886,  887,	610,  611,  612,  613,
+  614,	615,  616,  617,  618,	619,  690,  691,  816,	817,  896,  897,  620,
+  621,	622,  623,  624,  625,	626,  627,  628,  629,	682,  683,  826,  827,
+  868,	869,  630,  631,  632,	633,  634,  635,  636,	637,  638,  639,  692,
+  693,	836,  837,  878,  879,	640,  641,  642,  643,	644,  645,  646,  647,
+  648,	649,  684,  685,  846,	847,  688,  689,  650,	651,  652,  653,  654,
+  655,	656,  657,  658,  659,	694,  695,  856,  857,	698,  699,  660,  661,
+  662,	663,  664,  665,  666,	667,  668,  669,  686,	687,  866,  867,  888,
+  889,	670,  671,  672,  673,	674,  675,  676,  677,	678,  679,  696,  697,
+  876,	877,  898,  899,  700,	701,  702,  703,  704,	705,  706,  707,  708,
+  709,	780,  781,  906,  907,	986,  987,  710,  711,	712,  713,  714,  715,
+  716,	717,  718,  719,  790,	791,  916,  917,  996,	997,  720,  721,  722,
+  723,	724,  725,  726,  727,	728,  729,  782,  783,	926,  927,  968,  969,
+  730,	731,  732,  733,  734,	735,  736,  737,  738,	739,  792,  793,  936,
+  937,	978,  979,  740,  741,	742,  743,  744,  745,	746,  747,  748,  749,
+  784,	785,  946,  947,  788,	789,  750,  751,  752,	753,  754,  755,  756,
+  757,	758,  759,  794,  795,	956,  957,  798,  799,	760,  761,  762,  763,
+  764,	765,  766,  767,  768,	769,  786,  787,  966,	967,  988,  989,  770,
+  771,	772,  773,  774,  775,	776,  777,  778,  779,	796,  797,  976,  977,
+  998,	999};
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DEC_DPD2BINK) && DEC_DPD2BINK==1 && !defined(DECDPD2BINK)
+#define DECDPD2BINK
 
-const uint16_t BCD2DPD[2458] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
-  8, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
-  21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 32, 33,
-  34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72,
-  73, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85,
-  86, 87, 88, 89, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 96, 97, 98,
-  99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 10, 11, 42, 43, 74, 75, 106, 107, 78, 79,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 27, 58, 59, 90, 91, 122,
-  123, 94, 95, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 11, 42, 43, 74,
-  75, 106, 107, 78, 79, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152,
-  153, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165,
-  166, 167, 168, 169, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 176, 177, 178,
-  179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230,
-  231, 232, 233, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 240, 241, 242, 243,
-  244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 138,
-  139, 170, 171, 202, 203, 234, 235, 206, 207, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 154, 155, 186, 187, 218, 219, 250, 251, 222, 223, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 138, 139, 170, 171, 202, 203, 234, 235, 206,
-  207, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 256, 257, 258,
-  259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310,
-  311, 312, 313, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 320, 321, 322, 323,
-  324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 336,
-  337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375,
-  376, 377, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 266, 267, 298, 299, 330,
-  331, 362, 363, 334, 335, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 282, 283,
-  314, 315, 346, 347, 378, 379, 350, 351, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  266, 267, 298, 299, 330, 331, 362, 363, 334, 335, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390,
-  391, 392, 393, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 400, 401, 402, 403,
-  404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 416,
-  417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455,
-  456, 457, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468,
-  469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 480, 481,
-  482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 394, 395, 426, 427, 458, 459, 490, 491, 462,
-  463, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 410, 411, 442, 443, 474, 475,
-  506, 507, 478, 479, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 394, 395, 426, 427,
-  458, 459, 490, 491, 462, 463, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535,
-  536, 537, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548,
-  549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 560, 561,
-  562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600,
-  601, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613,
-  614, 615, 616, 617, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 624, 625, 626,
-  627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  522, 523, 554, 555, 586, 587, 618, 619, 590, 591, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 538, 539, 570, 571, 602, 603, 634, 635, 606, 607,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 522, 523, 554, 555, 586, 587, 618, 619,
-  590, 591, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 640, 641,
-  642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679, 680,
-  681, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693,
-  694, 695, 696, 697, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 704, 705, 706,
-  707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758,
-  759, 760, 761, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 650, 651, 682, 683,
-  714, 715, 746, 747, 718, 719, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 666,
-  667, 698, 699, 730, 731, 762, 763, 734, 735, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 650, 651, 682, 683, 714, 715, 746, 747, 718, 719, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773,
-  774, 775, 776, 777, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 784, 785, 786,
-  787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836, 837, 838,
-  839, 840, 841, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 848, 849, 850, 851,
-  852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 864,
-  865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 778, 779, 810, 811, 842, 843, 874, 875,
-  846, 847, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 794, 795, 826, 827, 858,
-  859, 890, 891, 862, 863, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 778, 779, 810,
-  811, 842, 843, 874, 875, 846, 847, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918,
-  919, 920, 921, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 928, 929, 930, 931,
-  932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 944,
-  945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983,
-  984, 985, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996,
-  997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1008, 1009,
-  1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 906, 907, 938, 939, 970, 971, 1002, 1003, 974, 975, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 922, 923, 954, 955, 986, 987, 1018, 1019, 990,
-  991, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 906, 907, 938, 939, 970, 971, 1002,
-  1003, 974, 975, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12,
-  13, 268, 269, 524, 525, 780, 781, 46, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 28, 29, 284, 285, 540, 541, 796, 797, 62, 63, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 44, 45, 300, 301, 556, 557, 812, 813,
-  302, 303, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 60, 61, 316, 317, 572,
-  573, 828, 829, 318, 319, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 76, 77,
-  332, 333, 588, 589, 844, 845, 558, 559, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 92, 93, 348, 349, 604, 605, 860, 861, 574, 575, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 108, 109, 364, 365, 620, 621, 876, 877, 814,
-  815, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 124, 125, 380, 381, 636, 637,
-  892, 893, 830, 831, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 14, 15, 270,
-  271, 526, 527, 782, 783, 110, 111, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  30, 31, 286, 287, 542, 543, 798, 799, 126, 127, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 14, 15, 270, 271, 526, 527, 782, 783, 110, 111, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 140, 141, 396, 397, 652,
-  653, 908, 909, 174, 175, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 156, 157,
-  412, 413, 668, 669, 924, 925, 190, 191, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 172, 173, 428, 429, 684, 685, 940, 941, 430, 431, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 188, 189, 444, 445, 700, 701, 956, 957, 446,
-  447, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 204, 205, 460, 461, 716, 717,
-  972, 973, 686, 687, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 220, 221, 476,
-  477, 732, 733, 988, 989, 702, 703, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-  236, 237, 492, 493, 748, 749, 1004, 1005, 942, 943, 0, 0, 0,
-  0, 0, 0, 252, 253, 508, 509, 764, 765, 1020, 1021, 958, 959,
-  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 142, 143, 398, 399, 654, 655, 910,
-  911, 238, 239, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 158, 159, 414, 415,
-  670, 671, 926, 927, 254, 255
-};
+const uint32_t DPD2BINK[1024]={	      0,   1000,   2000,   3000,   4000,   5000,
+   6000,   7000,   8000,   9000,  80000,  81000, 800000, 801000, 880000, 881000,
+  10000,  11000,  12000,  13000,  14000,  15000,  16000,  17000,  18000,  19000,
+  90000,  91000, 810000, 811000, 890000, 891000,  20000,  21000,  22000,  23000,
+  24000,  25000,  26000,  27000,  28000,  29000,  82000,  83000, 820000, 821000,
+ 808000, 809000,  30000,  31000,  32000,  33000,  34000,  35000,  36000,  37000,
+  38000,  39000,  92000,  93000, 830000, 831000, 818000, 819000,  40000,  41000,
+  42000,  43000,  44000,  45000,  46000,  47000,  48000,  49000,  84000,  85000,
+ 840000, 841000,  88000,  89000,  50000,  51000,  52000,  53000,  54000,  55000,
+  56000,  57000,  58000,  59000,  94000,  95000, 850000, 851000,  98000,  99000,
+  60000,  61000,  62000,  63000,  64000,  65000,  66000,  67000,  68000,  69000,
+  86000,  87000, 860000, 861000, 888000, 889000,  70000,  71000,  72000,  73000,
+  74000,  75000,  76000,  77000,  78000,  79000,  96000,  97000, 870000, 871000,
+ 898000, 899000, 100000, 101000, 102000, 103000, 104000, 105000, 106000, 107000,
+ 108000, 109000, 180000, 181000, 900000, 901000, 980000, 981000, 110000, 111000,
+ 112000, 113000, 114000, 115000, 116000, 117000, 118000, 119000, 190000, 191000,
+ 910000, 911000, 990000, 991000, 120000, 121000, 122000, 123000, 124000, 125000,
+ 126000, 127000, 128000, 129000, 182000, 183000, 920000, 921000, 908000, 909000,
+ 130000, 131000, 132000, 133000, 134000, 135000, 136000, 137000, 138000, 139000,
+ 192000, 193000, 930000, 931000, 918000, 919000, 140000, 141000, 142000, 143000,
+ 144000, 145000, 146000, 147000, 148000, 149000, 184000, 185000, 940000, 941000,
+ 188000, 189000, 150000, 151000, 152000, 153000, 154000, 155000, 156000, 157000,
+ 158000, 159000, 194000, 195000, 950000, 951000, 198000, 199000, 160000, 161000,
+ 162000, 163000, 164000, 165000, 166000, 167000, 168000, 169000, 186000, 187000,
+ 960000, 961000, 988000, 989000, 170000, 171000, 172000, 173000, 174000, 175000,
+ 176000, 177000, 178000, 179000, 196000, 197000, 970000, 971000, 998000, 999000,
+ 200000, 201000, 202000, 203000, 204000, 205000, 206000, 207000, 208000, 209000,
+ 280000, 281000, 802000, 803000, 882000, 883000, 210000, 211000, 212000, 213000,
+ 214000, 215000, 216000, 217000, 218000, 219000, 290000, 291000, 812000, 813000,
+ 892000, 893000, 220000, 221000, 222000, 223000, 224000, 225000, 226000, 227000,
+ 228000, 229000, 282000, 283000, 822000, 823000, 828000, 829000, 230000, 231000,
+ 232000, 233000, 234000, 235000, 236000, 237000, 238000, 239000, 292000, 293000,
+ 832000, 833000, 838000, 839000, 240000, 241000, 242000, 243000, 244000, 245000,
+ 246000, 247000, 248000, 249000, 284000, 285000, 842000, 843000, 288000, 289000,
+ 250000, 251000, 252000, 253000, 254000, 255000, 256000, 257000, 258000, 259000,
+ 294000, 295000, 852000, 853000, 298000, 299000, 260000, 261000, 262000, 263000,
+ 264000, 265000, 266000, 267000, 268000, 269000, 286000, 287000, 862000, 863000,
+ 888000, 889000, 270000, 271000, 272000, 273000, 274000, 275000, 276000, 277000,
+ 278000, 279000, 296000, 297000, 872000, 873000, 898000, 899000, 300000, 301000,
+ 302000, 303000, 304000, 305000, 306000, 307000, 308000, 309000, 380000, 381000,
+ 902000, 903000, 982000, 983000, 310000, 311000, 312000, 313000, 314000, 315000,
+ 316000, 317000, 318000, 319000, 390000, 391000, 912000, 913000, 992000, 993000,
+ 320000, 321000, 322000, 323000, 324000, 325000, 326000, 327000, 328000, 329000,
+ 382000, 383000, 922000, 923000, 928000, 929000, 330000, 331000, 332000, 333000,
+ 334000, 335000, 336000, 337000, 338000, 339000, 392000, 393000, 932000, 933000,
+ 938000, 939000, 340000, 341000, 342000, 343000, 344000, 345000, 346000, 347000,
+ 348000, 349000, 384000, 385000, 942000, 943000, 388000, 389000, 350000, 351000,
+ 352000, 353000, 354000, 355000, 356000, 357000, 358000, 359000, 394000, 395000,
+ 952000, 953000, 398000, 399000, 360000, 361000, 362000, 363000, 364000, 365000,
+ 366000, 367000, 368000, 369000, 386000, 387000, 962000, 963000, 988000, 989000,
+ 370000, 371000, 372000, 373000, 374000, 375000, 376000, 377000, 378000, 379000,
+ 396000, 397000, 972000, 973000, 998000, 999000, 400000, 401000, 402000, 403000,
+ 404000, 405000, 406000, 407000, 408000, 409000, 480000, 481000, 804000, 805000,
+ 884000, 885000, 410000, 411000, 412000, 413000, 414000, 415000, 416000, 417000,
+ 418000, 419000, 490000, 491000, 814000, 815000, 894000, 895000, 420000, 421000,
+ 422000, 423000, 424000, 425000, 426000, 427000, 428000, 429000, 482000, 483000,
+ 824000, 825000, 848000, 849000, 430000, 431000, 432000, 433000, 434000, 435000,
+ 436000, 437000, 438000, 439000, 492000, 493000, 834000, 835000, 858000, 859000,
+ 440000, 441000, 442000, 443000, 444000, 445000, 446000, 447000, 448000, 449000,
+ 484000, 485000, 844000, 845000, 488000, 489000, 450000, 451000, 452000, 453000,
+ 454000, 455000, 456000, 457000, 458000, 459000, 494000, 495000, 854000, 855000,
+ 498000, 499000, 460000, 461000, 462000, 463000, 464000, 465000, 466000, 467000,
+ 468000, 469000, 486000, 487000, 864000, 865000, 888000, 889000, 470000, 471000,
+ 472000, 473000, 474000, 475000, 476000, 477000, 478000, 479000, 496000, 497000,
+ 874000, 875000, 898000, 899000, 500000, 501000, 502000, 503000, 504000, 505000,
+ 506000, 507000, 508000, 509000, 580000, 581000, 904000, 905000, 984000, 985000,
+ 510000, 511000, 512000, 513000, 514000, 515000, 516000, 517000, 518000, 519000,
+ 590000, 591000, 914000, 915000, 994000, 995000, 520000, 521000, 522000, 523000,
+ 524000, 525000, 526000, 527000, 528000, 529000, 582000, 583000, 924000, 925000,
+ 948000, 949000, 530000, 531000, 532000, 533000, 534000, 535000, 536000, 537000,
+ 538000, 539000, 592000, 593000, 934000, 935000, 958000, 959000, 540000, 541000,
+ 542000, 543000, 544000, 545000, 546000, 547000, 548000, 549000, 584000, 585000,
+ 944000, 945000, 588000, 589000, 550000, 551000, 552000, 553000, 554000, 555000,
+ 556000, 557000, 558000, 559000, 594000, 595000, 954000, 955000, 598000, 599000,
+ 560000, 561000, 562000, 563000, 564000, 565000, 566000, 567000, 568000, 569000,
+ 586000, 587000, 964000, 965000, 988000, 989000, 570000, 571000, 572000, 573000,
+ 574000, 575000, 576000, 577000, 578000, 579000, 596000, 597000, 974000, 975000,
+ 998000, 999000, 600000, 601000, 602000, 603000, 604000, 605000, 606000, 607000,
+ 608000, 609000, 680000, 681000, 806000, 807000, 886000, 887000, 610000, 611000,
+ 612000, 613000, 614000, 615000, 616000, 617000, 618000, 619000, 690000, 691000,
+ 816000, 817000, 896000, 897000, 620000, 621000, 622000, 623000, 624000, 625000,
+ 626000, 627000, 628000, 629000, 682000, 683000, 826000, 827000, 868000, 869000,
+ 630000, 631000, 632000, 633000, 634000, 635000, 636000, 637000, 638000, 639000,
+ 692000, 693000, 836000, 837000, 878000, 879000, 640000, 641000, 642000, 643000,
+ 644000, 645000, 646000, 647000, 648000, 649000, 684000, 685000, 846000, 847000,
+ 688000, 689000, 650000, 651000, 652000, 653000, 654000, 655000, 656000, 657000,
+ 658000, 659000, 694000, 695000, 856000, 857000, 698000, 699000, 660000, 661000,
+ 662000, 663000, 664000, 665000, 666000, 667000, 668000, 669000, 686000, 687000,
+ 866000, 867000, 888000, 889000, 670000, 671000, 672000, 673000, 674000, 675000,
+ 676000, 677000, 678000, 679000, 696000, 697000, 876000, 877000, 898000, 899000,
+ 700000, 701000, 702000, 703000, 704000, 705000, 706000, 707000, 708000, 709000,
+ 780000, 781000, 906000, 907000, 986000, 987000, 710000, 711000, 712000, 713000,
+ 714000, 715000, 716000, 717000, 718000, 719000, 790000, 791000, 916000, 917000,
+ 996000, 997000, 720000, 721000, 722000, 723000, 724000, 725000, 726000, 727000,
+ 728000, 729000, 782000, 783000, 926000, 927000, 968000, 969000, 730000, 731000,
+ 732000, 733000, 734000, 735000, 736000, 737000, 738000, 739000, 792000, 793000,
+ 936000, 937000, 978000, 979000, 740000, 741000, 742000, 743000, 744000, 745000,
+ 746000, 747000, 748000, 749000, 784000, 785000, 946000, 947000, 788000, 789000,
+ 750000, 751000, 752000, 753000, 754000, 755000, 756000, 757000, 758000, 759000,
+ 794000, 795000, 956000, 957000, 798000, 799000, 760000, 761000, 762000, 763000,
+ 764000, 765000, 766000, 767000, 768000, 769000, 786000, 787000, 966000, 967000,
+ 988000, 989000, 770000, 771000, 772000, 773000, 774000, 775000, 776000, 777000,
+ 778000, 779000, 796000, 797000, 976000, 977000, 998000, 999000};
 #endif
 
-#if DEC_DPD2BCD==1
+#if defined(DEC_DPD2BINM) && DEC_DPD2BINM==1 && !defined(DECDPD2BINM)
+#define DECDPD2BINM
 
-const uint16_t DPD2BCD[1024] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
-  8, 9, 128, 129, 2048, 2049, 2176, 2177, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
-  21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 144, 145, 2064, 2065, 2192, 2193, 32, 33,
-  34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 130, 131, 2080, 2081, 2056,
-  2057, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 146, 147,
-  2096, 2097, 2072, 2073, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72,
-  73, 132, 133, 2112, 2113, 136, 137, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85,
-  86, 87, 88, 89, 148, 149, 2128, 2129, 152, 153, 96, 97, 98,
-  99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 134, 135, 2144, 2145, 2184, 2185,
-  112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 150, 151, 2160,
-  2161, 2200, 2201, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265,
-  384, 385, 2304, 2305, 2432, 2433, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278,
-  279, 280, 281, 400, 401, 2320, 2321, 2448, 2449, 288, 289, 290, 291,
-  292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 386, 387, 2336, 2337, 2312, 2313, 304,
-  305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 402, 403, 2352, 2353,
-  2328, 2329, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 388,
-  389, 2368, 2369, 392, 393, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343,
-  344, 345, 404, 405, 2384, 2385, 408, 409, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356,
-  357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 390, 391, 2400, 2401, 2440, 2441, 368, 369,
-  370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 406, 407, 2416, 2417, 2456,
-  2457, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 640, 641,
-  2050, 2051, 2178, 2179, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536,
-  537, 656, 657, 2066, 2067, 2194, 2195, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549,
-  550, 551, 552, 553, 642, 643, 2082, 2083, 2088, 2089, 560, 561, 562,
-  563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 658, 659, 2098, 2099, 2104, 2105,
-  576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 644, 645, 2114,
-  2115, 648, 649, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601,
-  660, 661, 2130, 2131, 664, 665, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614,
-  615, 616, 617, 646, 647, 2146, 2147, 2184, 2185, 624, 625, 626, 627,
-  628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 662, 663, 2162, 2163, 2200, 2201, 768,
-  769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 896, 897, 2306, 2307,
-  2434, 2435, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 912,
-  913, 2322, 2323, 2450, 2451, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807,
-  808, 809, 898, 899, 2338, 2339, 2344, 2345, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820,
-  821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 914, 915, 2354, 2355, 2360, 2361, 832, 833,
-  834, 835, 836, 837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 900, 901, 2370, 2371, 904,
-  905, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 916, 917,
-  2386, 2387, 920, 921, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872,
-  873, 902, 903, 2402, 2403, 2440, 2441, 880, 881, 882, 883, 884, 885,
-  886, 887, 888, 889, 918, 919, 2418, 2419, 2456, 2457, 1024, 1025, 1026,
-  1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1152, 1153, 2052, 2053, 2180,
-    2181,
-  1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1168, 1169,
-    2068,
-  2069, 2196, 2197, 1056, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064,
-    1065,
-  1154, 1155, 2084, 2085, 2120, 2121, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1077,
-    1078,
-  1079, 1080, 1081, 1170, 1171, 2100, 2101, 2136, 2137, 1088, 1089, 1090,
-    1091,
-  1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1156, 1157, 2116, 2117, 1160, 1161,
-    1104,
-  1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1172, 1173, 2132,
-    2133,
-  1176, 1177, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, 1125, 1126, 1127, 1128, 1129,
-    1158,
-  1159, 2148, 2149, 2184, 2185, 1136, 1137, 1138, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1142,
-    1143,
-  1144, 1145, 1174, 1175, 2164, 2165, 2200, 2201, 1280, 1281, 1282, 1283,
-    1284,
-  1285, 1286, 1287, 1288, 1289, 1408, 1409, 2308, 2309, 2436, 2437, 1296,
-    1297,
-  1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1424, 1425, 2324, 2325,
-    2452,
-  2453, 1312, 1313, 1314, 1315, 1316, 1317, 1318, 1319, 1320, 1321, 1410,
-    1411,
-  2340, 2341, 2376, 2377, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1334, 1335,
-    1336,
-  1337, 1426, 1427, 2356, 2357, 2392, 2393, 1344, 1345, 1346, 1347, 1348,
-    1349,
-  1350, 1351, 1352, 1353, 1412, 1413, 2372, 2373, 1416, 1417, 1360, 1361,
-    1362,
-  1363, 1364, 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1428, 1429, 2388, 2389, 1432,
-    1433,
-  1376, 1377, 1378, 1379, 1380, 1381, 1382, 1383, 1384, 1385, 1414, 1415,
-    2404,
-  2405, 2440, 2441, 1392, 1393, 1394, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1398, 1399, 1400,
-    1401,
-  1430, 1431, 2420, 2421, 2456, 2457, 1536, 1537, 1538, 1539, 1540, 1541,
-    1542,
-  1543, 1544, 1545, 1664, 1665, 2054, 2055, 2182, 2183, 1552, 1553, 1554,
-    1555,
-  1556, 1557, 1558, 1559, 1560, 1561, 1680, 1681, 2070, 2071, 2198, 2199,
-    1568,
-  1569, 1570, 1571, 1572, 1573, 1574, 1575, 1576, 1577, 1666, 1667, 2086,
-    2087,
-  2152, 2153, 1584, 1585, 1586, 1587, 1588, 1589, 1590, 1591, 1592, 1593,
-    1682,
-  1683, 2102, 2103, 2168, 2169, 1600, 1601, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1605, 1606,
-    1607,
-  1608, 1609, 1668, 1669, 2118, 2119, 1672, 1673, 1616, 1617, 1618, 1619,
-    1620,
-  1621, 1622, 1623, 1624, 1625, 1684, 1685, 2134, 2135, 1688, 1689, 1632,
-    1633,
-  1634, 1635, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1640, 1641, 1670, 1671, 2150, 2151,
-    2184,
-  2185, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1651, 1652, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1657, 1686,
-    1687,
-  2166, 2167, 2200, 2201, 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799,
-    1800,
-  1801, 1920, 1921, 2310, 2311, 2438, 2439, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812,
-    1813,
-  1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1936, 1937, 2326, 2327, 2454, 2455, 1824, 1825,
-    1826,
-  1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1922, 1923, 2342, 2343, 2408,
-    2409,
-  1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1938, 1939,
-    2358,
-  2359, 2424, 2425, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864,
-    1865,
-  1924, 1925, 2374, 2375, 1928, 1929, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877,
-    1878,
-  1879, 1880, 1881, 1940, 1941, 2390, 2391, 1944, 1945, 1888, 1889, 1890,
-    1891,
-  1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1926, 1927, 2406, 2407, 2440, 2441,
-    1904,
-  1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1942, 1943, 2422,
-    2423,
-  2456, 2457
-};
+const uint32_t DPD2BINM[1024]={0,   1000000,   2000000,	  3000000,   4000000,
+   5000000,   6000000,	 7000000,   8000000,   9000000,	 80000000,  81000000,
+ 800000000, 801000000, 880000000, 881000000,  10000000,	 11000000,  12000000,
+  13000000,  14000000,	15000000,  16000000,  17000000,	 18000000,  19000000,
+  90000000,  91000000, 810000000, 811000000, 890000000, 891000000,  20000000,
+  21000000,  22000000,	23000000,  24000000,  25000000,	 26000000,  27000000,
+  28000000,  29000000,	82000000,  83000000, 820000000, 821000000, 808000000,
+ 809000000,  30000000,	31000000,  32000000,  33000000,	 34000000,  35000000,
+  36000000,  37000000,	38000000,  39000000,  92000000,	 93000000, 830000000,
+ 831000000, 818000000, 819000000,  40000000,  41000000,	 42000000,  43000000,
+  44000000,  45000000,	46000000,  47000000,  48000000,	 49000000,  84000000,
+  85000000, 840000000, 841000000,  88000000,  89000000,	 50000000,  51000000,
+  52000000,  53000000,	54000000,  55000000,  56000000,	 57000000,  58000000,
+  59000000,  94000000,	95000000, 850000000, 851000000,	 98000000,  99000000,
+  60000000,  61000000,	62000000,  63000000,  64000000,	 65000000,  66000000,
+  67000000,  68000000,	69000000,  86000000,  87000000, 860000000, 861000000,
+ 888000000, 889000000,	70000000,  71000000,  72000000,	 73000000,  74000000,
+  75000000,  76000000,	77000000,  78000000,  79000000,	 96000000,  97000000,
+ 870000000, 871000000, 898000000, 899000000, 100000000, 101000000, 102000000,
+ 103000000, 104000000, 105000000, 106000000, 107000000, 108000000, 109000000,
+ 180000000, 181000000, 900000000, 901000000, 980000000, 981000000, 110000000,
+ 111000000, 112000000, 113000000, 114000000, 115000000, 116000000, 117000000,
+ 118000000, 119000000, 190000000, 191000000, 910000000, 911000000, 990000000,
+ 991000000, 120000000, 121000000, 122000000, 123000000, 124000000, 125000000,
+ 126000000, 127000000, 128000000, 129000000, 182000000, 183000000, 920000000,
+ 921000000, 908000000, 909000000, 130000000, 131000000, 132000000, 133000000,
+ 134000000, 135000000, 136000000, 137000000, 138000000, 139000000, 192000000,
+ 193000000, 930000000, 931000000, 918000000, 919000000, 140000000, 141000000,
+ 142000000, 143000000, 144000000, 145000000, 146000000, 147000000, 148000000,
+ 149000000, 184000000, 185000000, 940000000, 941000000, 188000000, 189000000,
+ 150000000, 151000000, 152000000, 153000000, 154000000, 155000000, 156000000,
+ 157000000, 158000000, 159000000, 194000000, 195000000, 950000000, 951000000,
+ 198000000, 199000000, 160000000, 161000000, 162000000, 163000000, 164000000,
+ 165000000, 166000000, 167000000, 168000000, 169000000, 186000000, 187000000,
+ 960000000, 961000000, 988000000, 989000000, 170000000, 171000000, 172000000,
+ 173000000, 174000000, 175000000, 176000000, 177000000, 178000000, 179000000,
+ 196000000, 197000000, 970000000, 971000000, 998000000, 999000000, 200000000,
+ 201000000, 202000000, 203000000, 204000000, 205000000, 206000000, 207000000,
+ 208000000, 209000000, 280000000, 281000000, 802000000, 803000000, 882000000,
+ 883000000, 210000000, 211000000, 212000000, 213000000, 214000000, 215000000,
+ 216000000, 217000000, 218000000, 219000000, 290000000, 291000000, 812000000,
+ 813000000, 892000000, 893000000, 220000000, 221000000, 222000000, 223000000,
+ 224000000, 225000000, 226000000, 227000000, 228000000, 229000000, 282000000,
+ 283000000, 822000000, 823000000, 828000000, 829000000, 230000000, 231000000,
+ 232000000, 233000000, 234000000, 235000000, 236000000, 237000000, 238000000,
+ 239000000, 292000000, 293000000, 832000000, 833000000, 838000000, 839000000,
+ 240000000, 241000000, 242000000, 243000000, 244000000, 245000000, 246000000,
+ 247000000, 248000000, 249000000, 284000000, 285000000, 842000000, 843000000,
+ 288000000, 289000000, 250000000, 251000000, 252000000, 253000000, 254000000,
+ 255000000, 256000000, 257000000, 258000000, 259000000, 294000000, 295000000,
+ 852000000, 853000000, 298000000, 299000000, 260000000, 261000000, 262000000,
+ 263000000, 264000000, 265000000, 266000000, 267000000, 268000000, 269000000,
+ 286000000, 287000000, 862000000, 863000000, 888000000, 889000000, 270000000,
+ 271000000, 272000000, 273000000, 274000000, 275000000, 276000000, 277000000,
+ 278000000, 279000000, 296000000, 297000000, 872000000, 873000000, 898000000,
+ 899000000, 300000000, 301000000, 302000000, 303000000, 304000000, 305000000,
+ 306000000, 307000000, 308000000, 309000000, 380000000, 381000000, 902000000,
+ 903000000, 982000000, 983000000, 310000000, 311000000, 312000000, 313000000,
+ 314000000, 315000000, 316000000, 317000000, 318000000, 319000000, 390000000,
+ 391000000, 912000000, 913000000, 992000000, 993000000, 320000000, 321000000,
+ 322000000, 323000000, 324000000, 325000000, 326000000, 327000000, 328000000,
+ 329000000, 382000000, 383000000, 922000000, 923000000, 928000000, 929000000,
+ 330000000, 331000000, 332000000, 333000000, 334000000, 335000000, 336000000,
+ 337000000, 338000000, 339000000, 392000000, 393000000, 932000000, 933000000,
+ 938000000, 939000000, 340000000, 341000000, 342000000, 343000000, 344000000,
+ 345000000, 346000000, 347000000, 348000000, 349000000, 384000000, 385000000,
+ 942000000, 943000000, 388000000, 389000000, 350000000, 351000000, 352000000,
+ 353000000, 354000000, 355000000, 356000000, 357000000, 358000000, 359000000,
+ 394000000, 395000000, 952000000, 953000000, 398000000, 399000000, 360000000,
+ 361000000, 362000000, 363000000, 364000000, 365000000, 366000000, 367000000,
+ 368000000, 369000000, 386000000, 387000000, 962000000, 963000000, 988000000,
+ 989000000, 370000000, 371000000, 372000000, 373000000, 374000000, 375000000,
+ 376000000, 377000000, 378000000, 379000000, 396000000, 397000000, 972000000,
+ 973000000, 998000000, 999000000, 400000000, 401000000, 402000000, 403000000,
+ 404000000, 405000000, 406000000, 407000000, 408000000, 409000000, 480000000,
+ 481000000, 804000000, 805000000, 884000000, 885000000, 410000000, 411000000,
+ 412000000, 413000000, 414000000, 415000000, 416000000, 417000000, 418000000,
+ 419000000, 490000000, 491000000, 814000000, 815000000, 894000000, 895000000,
+ 420000000, 421000000, 422000000, 423000000, 424000000, 425000000, 426000000,
+ 427000000, 428000000, 429000000, 482000000, 483000000, 824000000, 825000000,
+ 848000000, 849000000, 430000000, 431000000, 432000000, 433000000, 434000000,
+ 435000000, 436000000, 437000000, 438000000, 439000000, 492000000, 493000000,
+ 834000000, 835000000, 858000000, 859000000, 440000000, 441000000, 442000000,
+ 443000000, 444000000, 445000000, 446000000, 447000000, 448000000, 449000000,
+ 484000000, 485000000, 844000000, 845000000, 488000000, 489000000, 450000000,
+ 451000000, 452000000, 453000000, 454000000, 455000000, 456000000, 457000000,
+ 458000000, 459000000, 494000000, 495000000, 854000000, 855000000, 498000000,
+ 499000000, 460000000, 461000000, 462000000, 463000000, 464000000, 465000000,
+ 466000000, 467000000, 468000000, 469000000, 486000000, 487000000, 864000000,
+ 865000000, 888000000, 889000000, 470000000, 471000000, 472000000, 473000000,
+ 474000000, 475000000, 476000000, 477000000, 478000000, 479000000, 496000000,
+ 497000000, 874000000, 875000000, 898000000, 899000000, 500000000, 501000000,
+ 502000000, 503000000, 504000000, 505000000, 506000000, 507000000, 508000000,
+ 509000000, 580000000, 581000000, 904000000, 905000000, 984000000, 985000000,
+ 510000000, 511000000, 512000000, 513000000, 514000000, 515000000, 516000000,
+ 517000000, 518000000, 519000000, 590000000, 591000000, 914000000, 915000000,
+ 994000000, 995000000, 520000000, 521000000, 522000000, 523000000, 524000000,
+ 525000000, 526000000, 527000000, 528000000, 529000000, 582000000, 583000000,
+ 924000000, 925000000, 948000000, 949000000, 530000000, 531000000, 532000000,
+ 533000000, 534000000, 535000000, 536000000, 537000000, 538000000, 539000000,
+ 592000000, 593000000, 934000000, 935000000, 958000000, 959000000, 540000000,
+ 541000000, 542000000, 543000000, 544000000, 545000000, 546000000, 547000000,
+ 548000000, 549000000, 584000000, 585000000, 944000000, 945000000, 588000000,
+ 589000000, 550000000, 551000000, 552000000, 553000000, 554000000, 555000000,
+ 556000000, 557000000, 558000000, 559000000, 594000000, 595000000, 954000000,
+ 955000000, 598000000, 599000000, 560000000, 561000000, 562000000, 563000000,
+ 564000000, 565000000, 566000000, 567000000, 568000000, 569000000, 586000000,
+ 587000000, 964000000, 965000000, 988000000, 989000000, 570000000, 571000000,
+ 572000000, 573000000, 574000000, 575000000, 576000000, 577000000, 578000000,
+ 579000000, 596000000, 597000000, 974000000, 975000000, 998000000, 999000000,
+ 600000000, 601000000, 602000000, 603000000, 604000000, 605000000, 606000000,
+ 607000000, 608000000, 609000000, 680000000, 681000000, 806000000, 807000000,
+ 886000000, 887000000, 610000000, 611000000, 612000000, 613000000, 614000000,
+ 615000000, 616000000, 617000000, 618000000, 619000000, 690000000, 691000000,
+ 816000000, 817000000, 896000000, 897000000, 620000000, 621000000, 622000000,
+ 623000000, 624000000, 625000000, 626000000, 627000000, 628000000, 629000000,
+ 682000000, 683000000, 826000000, 827000000, 868000000, 869000000, 630000000,
+ 631000000, 632000000, 633000000, 634000000, 635000000, 636000000, 637000000,
+ 638000000, 639000000, 692000000, 693000000, 836000000, 837000000, 878000000,
+ 879000000, 640000000, 641000000, 642000000, 643000000, 644000000, 645000000,
+ 646000000, 647000000, 648000000, 649000000, 684000000, 685000000, 846000000,
+ 847000000, 688000000, 689000000, 650000000, 651000000, 652000000, 653000000,
+ 654000000, 655000000, 656000000, 657000000, 658000000, 659000000, 694000000,
+ 695000000, 856000000, 857000000, 698000000, 699000000, 660000000, 661000000,
+ 662000000, 663000000, 664000000, 665000000, 666000000, 667000000, 668000000,
+ 669000000, 686000000, 687000000, 866000000, 867000000, 888000000, 889000000,
+ 670000000, 671000000, 672000000, 673000000, 674000000, 675000000, 676000000,
+ 677000000, 678000000, 679000000, 696000000, 697000000, 876000000, 877000000,
+ 898000000, 899000000, 700000000, 701000000, 702000000, 703000000, 704000000,
+ 705000000, 706000000, 707000000, 708000000, 709000000, 780000000, 781000000,
+ 906000000, 907000000, 986000000, 987000000, 710000000, 711000000, 712000000,
+ 713000000, 714000000, 715000000, 716000000, 717000000, 718000000, 719000000,
+ 790000000, 791000000, 916000000, 917000000, 996000000, 997000000, 720000000,
+ 721000000, 722000000, 723000000, 724000000, 725000000, 726000000, 727000000,
+ 728000000, 729000000, 782000000, 783000000, 926000000, 927000000, 968000000,
+ 969000000, 730000000, 731000000, 732000000, 733000000, 734000000, 735000000,
+ 736000000, 737000000, 738000000, 739000000, 792000000, 793000000, 936000000,
+ 937000000, 978000000, 979000000, 740000000, 741000000, 742000000, 743000000,
+ 744000000, 745000000, 746000000, 747000000, 748000000, 749000000, 784000000,
+ 785000000, 946000000, 947000000, 788000000, 789000000, 750000000, 751000000,
+ 752000000, 753000000, 754000000, 755000000, 756000000, 757000000, 758000000,
+ 759000000, 794000000, 795000000, 956000000, 957000000, 798000000, 799000000,
+ 760000000, 761000000, 762000000, 763000000, 764000000, 765000000, 766000000,
+ 767000000, 768000000, 769000000, 786000000, 787000000, 966000000, 967000000,
+ 988000000, 989000000, 770000000, 771000000, 772000000, 773000000, 774000000,
+ 775000000, 776000000, 777000000, 778000000, 779000000, 796000000, 797000000,
+ 976000000, 977000000, 998000000, 999000000};
 #endif
 
-#if DEC_BIN2DPD==1
+#if defined(DEC_BIN2CHAR) && DEC_BIN2CHAR==1 && !defined(DECBIN2CHAR)
+#define DECBIN2CHAR
 
-const uint16_t BIN2DPD[1000] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
-  8, 9, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 32,
-  33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 48, 49, 50, 51,
-  52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70,
-  71, 72, 73, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89,
-  96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 112, 113, 114,
-  115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 10, 11, 42, 43, 74, 75,
-  106, 107, 78, 79, 26, 27, 58, 59, 90, 91, 122, 123, 94,
-  95, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 144, 145,
-  146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164,
-  165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183,
-  184, 185, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 208,
-  209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 224, 225, 226, 227,
-  228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246,
-  247, 248, 249, 138, 139, 170, 171, 202, 203, 234, 235, 206, 207,
-  154, 155, 186, 187, 218, 219, 250, 251, 222, 223, 256, 257, 258,
-  259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277,
-  278, 279, 280, 281, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296,
-  297, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 320, 321,
-  322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340,
-  341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359,
-  360, 361, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 266,
-  267, 298, 299, 330, 331, 362, 363, 334, 335, 282, 283, 314, 315,
-  346, 347, 378, 379, 350, 351, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390,
-  391, 392, 393, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409,
-  416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 432, 433, 434,
-  435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453,
-  454, 455, 456, 457, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472,
-  473, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 489, 496, 497,
-  498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 394, 395, 426, 427, 458,
-  459, 490, 491, 462, 463, 410, 411, 442, 443, 474, 475, 506, 507,
-  478, 479, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 528,
-  529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 544, 545, 546, 547,
-  548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566,
-  567, 568, 569, 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585,
-  592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 608, 609, 610,
-  611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, 617, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629,
-  630, 631, 632, 633, 522, 523, 554, 555, 586, 587, 618, 619, 590,
-  591, 538, 539, 570, 571, 602, 603, 634, 635, 606, 607, 640, 641,
-  642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 656, 657, 658, 659, 660,
-  661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679,
-  680, 681, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 704,
-  705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 720, 721, 722, 723,
-  724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742,
-  743, 744, 745, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761,
-  650, 651, 682, 683, 714, 715, 746, 747, 718, 719, 666, 667, 698,
-  699, 730, 731, 762, 763, 734, 735, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773,
-  774, 775, 776, 777, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792,
-  793, 800, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 816, 817,
-  818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 824, 825, 832, 833, 834, 835, 836,
-  837, 838, 839, 840, 841, 848, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855,
-  856, 857, 864, 865, 866, 867, 868, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 880,
-  881, 882, 883, 884, 885, 886, 887, 888, 889, 778, 779, 810, 811,
-  842, 843, 874, 875, 846, 847, 794, 795, 826, 827, 858, 859, 890,
-  891, 862, 863, 896, 897, 898, 899, 900, 901, 902, 903, 904, 905,
-  912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 918, 919, 920, 921, 928, 929, 930,
-  931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949,
-  950, 951, 952, 953, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968,
-  969, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 983, 984, 985, 992, 993,
-  994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 1000, 1001, 1008, 1009, 1010, 1011, 1012,
-  1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 906, 907, 938, 939, 970, 971, 1002, 1003,
-  974, 975, 922, 923, 954, 955, 986, 987, 1018, 1019, 990, 991, 12,
-  13, 268, 269, 524, 525, 780, 781, 46, 47, 28, 29, 284, 285,
-  540, 541, 796, 797, 62, 63, 44, 45, 300, 301, 556, 557, 812,
-  813, 302, 303, 60, 61, 316, 317, 572, 573, 828, 829, 318, 319,
-  76, 77, 332, 333, 588, 589, 844, 845, 558, 559, 92, 93, 348,
-  349, 604, 605, 860, 861, 574, 575, 108, 109, 364, 365, 620, 621,
-  876, 877, 814, 815, 124, 125, 380, 381, 636, 637, 892, 893, 830,
-  831, 14, 15, 270, 271, 526, 527, 782, 783, 110, 111, 30, 31,
-  286, 287, 542, 543, 798, 799, 126, 127, 140, 141, 396, 397, 652,
-  653, 908, 909, 174, 175, 156, 157, 412, 413, 668, 669, 924, 925,
-  190, 191, 172, 173, 428, 429, 684, 685, 940, 941, 430, 431, 188,
-  189, 444, 445, 700, 701, 956, 957, 446, 447, 204, 205, 460, 461,
-  716, 717, 972, 973, 686, 687, 220, 221, 476, 477, 732, 733, 988,
-  989, 702, 703, 236, 237, 492, 493, 748, 749, 1004, 1005, 942, 943,
-  252, 253, 508, 509, 764, 765, 1020, 1021, 958, 959, 142, 143, 398,
-  399, 654, 655, 910, 911, 238, 239, 158, 159, 414, 415, 670, 671,
-  926, 927, 254, 255
-};
+const uint8_t BIN2CHAR[4001]={
+ '\0','0','0','0', '\1','0','0','1', '\1','0','0','2', '\1','0','0','3', '\1','0','0','4',
+ '\1','0','0','5', '\1','0','0','6', '\1','0','0','7', '\1','0','0','8', '\1','0','0','9',
+ '\2','0','1','0', '\2','0','1','1', '\2','0','1','2', '\2','0','1','3', '\2','0','1','4',
+ '\2','0','1','5', '\2','0','1','6', '\2','0','1','7', '\2','0','1','8', '\2','0','1','9',
+ '\2','0','2','0', '\2','0','2','1', '\2','0','2','2', '\2','0','2','3', '\2','0','2','4',
+ '\2','0','2','5', '\2','0','2','6', '\2','0','2','7', '\2','0','2','8', '\2','0','2','9',
+ '\2','0','3','0', '\2','0','3','1', '\2','0','3','2', '\2','0','3','3', '\2','0','3','4',
+ '\2','0','3','5', '\2','0','3','6', '\2','0','3','7', '\2','0','3','8', '\2','0','3','9',
+ '\2','0','4','0', '\2','0','4','1', '\2','0','4','2', '\2','0','4','3', '\2','0','4','4',
+ '\2','0','4','5', '\2','0','4','6', '\2','0','4','7', '\2','0','4','8', '\2','0','4','9',
+ '\2','0','5','0', '\2','0','5','1', '\2','0','5','2', '\2','0','5','3', '\2','0','5','4',
+ '\2','0','5','5', '\2','0','5','6', '\2','0','5','7', '\2','0','5','8', '\2','0','5','9',
+ '\2','0','6','0', '\2','0','6','1', '\2','0','6','2', '\2','0','6','3', '\2','0','6','4',
+ '\2','0','6','5', '\2','0','6','6', '\2','0','6','7', '\2','0','6','8', '\2','0','6','9',
+ '\2','0','7','0', '\2','0','7','1', '\2','0','7','2', '\2','0','7','3', '\2','0','7','4',
+ '\2','0','7','5', '\2','0','7','6', '\2','0','7','7', '\2','0','7','8', '\2','0','7','9',
+ '\2','0','8','0', '\2','0','8','1', '\2','0','8','2', '\2','0','8','3', '\2','0','8','4',
+ '\2','0','8','5', '\2','0','8','6', '\2','0','8','7', '\2','0','8','8', '\2','0','8','9',
+ '\2','0','9','0', '\2','0','9','1', '\2','0','9','2', '\2','0','9','3', '\2','0','9','4',
+ '\2','0','9','5', '\2','0','9','6', '\2','0','9','7', '\2','0','9','8', '\2','0','9','9',
+ '\3','1','0','0', '\3','1','0','1', '\3','1','0','2', '\3','1','0','3', '\3','1','0','4',
+ '\3','1','0','5', '\3','1','0','6', '\3','1','0','7', '\3','1','0','8', '\3','1','0','9',
+ '\3','1','1','0', '\3','1','1','1', '\3','1','1','2', '\3','1','1','3', '\3','1','1','4',
+ '\3','1','1','5', '\3','1','1','6', '\3','1','1','7', '\3','1','1','8', '\3','1','1','9',
+ '\3','1','2','0', '\3','1','2','1', '\3','1','2','2', '\3','1','2','3', '\3','1','2','4',
+ '\3','1','2','5', '\3','1','2','6', '\3','1','2','7', '\3','1','2','8', '\3','1','2','9',
+ '\3','1','3','0', '\3','1','3','1', '\3','1','3','2', '\3','1','3','3', '\3','1','3','4',
+ '\3','1','3','5', '\3','1','3','6', '\3','1','3','7', '\3','1','3','8', '\3','1','3','9',
+ '\3','1','4','0', '\3','1','4','1', '\3','1','4','2', '\3','1','4','3', '\3','1','4','4',
+ '\3','1','4','5', '\3','1','4','6', '\3','1','4','7', '\3','1','4','8', '\3','1','4','9',
+ '\3','1','5','0', '\3','1','5','1', '\3','1','5','2', '\3','1','5','3', '\3','1','5','4',
+ '\3','1','5','5', '\3','1','5','6', '\3','1','5','7', '\3','1','5','8', '\3','1','5','9',
+ '\3','1','6','0', '\3','1','6','1', '\3','1','6','2', '\3','1','6','3', '\3','1','6','4',
+ '\3','1','6','5', '\3','1','6','6', '\3','1','6','7', '\3','1','6','8', '\3','1','6','9',
+ '\3','1','7','0', '\3','1','7','1', '\3','1','7','2', '\3','1','7','3', '\3','1','7','4',
+ '\3','1','7','5', '\3','1','7','6', '\3','1','7','7', '\3','1','7','8', '\3','1','7','9',
+ '\3','1','8','0', '\3','1','8','1', '\3','1','8','2', '\3','1','8','3', '\3','1','8','4',
+ '\3','1','8','5', '\3','1','8','6', '\3','1','8','7', '\3','1','8','8', '\3','1','8','9',
+ '\3','1','9','0', '\3','1','9','1', '\3','1','9','2', '\3','1','9','3', '\3','1','9','4',
+ '\3','1','9','5', '\3','1','9','6', '\3','1','9','7', '\3','1','9','8', '\3','1','9','9',
+ '\3','2','0','0', '\3','2','0','1', '\3','2','0','2', '\3','2','0','3', '\3','2','0','4',
+ '\3','2','0','5', '\3','2','0','6', '\3','2','0','7', '\3','2','0','8', '\3','2','0','9',
+ '\3','2','1','0', '\3','2','1','1', '\3','2','1','2', '\3','2','1','3', '\3','2','1','4',
+ '\3','2','1','5', '\3','2','1','6', '\3','2','1','7', '\3','2','1','8', '\3','2','1','9',
+ '\3','2','2','0', '\3','2','2','1', '\3','2','2','2', '\3','2','2','3', '\3','2','2','4',
+ '\3','2','2','5', '\3','2','2','6', '\3','2','2','7', '\3','2','2','8', '\3','2','2','9',
+ '\3','2','3','0', '\3','2','3','1', '\3','2','3','2', '\3','2','3','3', '\3','2','3','4',
+ '\3','2','3','5', '\3','2','3','6', '\3','2','3','7', '\3','2','3','8', '\3','2','3','9',
+ '\3','2','4','0', '\3','2','4','1', '\3','2','4','2', '\3','2','4','3', '\3','2','4','4',
+ '\3','2','4','5', '\3','2','4','6', '\3','2','4','7', '\3','2','4','8', '\3','2','4','9',
+ '\3','2','5','0', '\3','2','5','1', '\3','2','5','2', '\3','2','5','3', '\3','2','5','4',
+ '\3','2','5','5', '\3','2','5','6', '\3','2','5','7', '\3','2','5','8', '\3','2','5','9',
+ '\3','2','6','0', '\3','2','6','1', '\3','2','6','2', '\3','2','6','3', '\3','2','6','4',
+ '\3','2','6','5', '\3','2','6','6', '\3','2','6','7', '\3','2','6','8', '\3','2','6','9',
+ '\3','2','7','0', '\3','2','7','1', '\3','2','7','2', '\3','2','7','3', '\3','2','7','4',
+ '\3','2','7','5', '\3','2','7','6', '\3','2','7','7', '\3','2','7','8', '\3','2','7','9',
+ '\3','2','8','0', '\3','2','8','1', '\3','2','8','2', '\3','2','8','3', '\3','2','8','4',
+ '\3','2','8','5', '\3','2','8','6', '\3','2','8','7', '\3','2','8','8', '\3','2','8','9',
+ '\3','2','9','0', '\3','2','9','1', '\3','2','9','2', '\3','2','9','3', '\3','2','9','4',
+ '\3','2','9','5', '\3','2','9','6', '\3','2','9','7', '\3','2','9','8', '\3','2','9','9',
+ '\3','3','0','0', '\3','3','0','1', '\3','3','0','2', '\3','3','0','3', '\3','3','0','4',
+ '\3','3','0','5', '\3','3','0','6', '\3','3','0','7', '\3','3','0','8', '\3','3','0','9',
+ '\3','3','1','0', '\3','3','1','1', '\3','3','1','2', '\3','3','1','3', '\3','3','1','4',
+ '\3','3','1','5', '\3','3','1','6', '\3','3','1','7', '\3','3','1','8', '\3','3','1','9',
+ '\3','3','2','0', '\3','3','2','1', '\3','3','2','2', '\3','3','2','3', '\3','3','2','4',
+ '\3','3','2','5', '\3','3','2','6', '\3','3','2','7', '\3','3','2','8', '\3','3','2','9',
+ '\3','3','3','0', '\3','3','3','1', '\3','3','3','2', '\3','3','3','3', '\3','3','3','4',
+ '\3','3','3','5', '\3','3','3','6', '\3','3','3','7', '\3','3','3','8', '\3','3','3','9',
+ '\3','3','4','0', '\3','3','4','1', '\3','3','4','2', '\3','3','4','3', '\3','3','4','4',
+ '\3','3','4','5', '\3','3','4','6', '\3','3','4','7', '\3','3','4','8', '\3','3','4','9',
+ '\3','3','5','0', '\3','3','5','1', '\3','3','5','2', '\3','3','5','3', '\3','3','5','4',
+ '\3','3','5','5', '\3','3','5','6', '\3','3','5','7', '\3','3','5','8', '\3','3','5','9',
+ '\3','3','6','0', '\3','3','6','1', '\3','3','6','2', '\3','3','6','3', '\3','3','6','4',
+ '\3','3','6','5', '\3','3','6','6', '\3','3','6','7', '\3','3','6','8', '\3','3','6','9',
+ '\3','3','7','0', '\3','3','7','1', '\3','3','7','2', '\3','3','7','3', '\3','3','7','4',
+ '\3','3','7','5', '\3','3','7','6', '\3','3','7','7', '\3','3','7','8', '\3','3','7','9',
+ '\3','3','8','0', '\3','3','8','1', '\3','3','8','2', '\3','3','8','3', '\3','3','8','4',
+ '\3','3','8','5', '\3','3','8','6', '\3','3','8','7', '\3','3','8','8', '\3','3','8','9',
+ '\3','3','9','0', '\3','3','9','1', '\3','3','9','2', '\3','3','9','3', '\3','3','9','4',
+ '\3','3','9','5', '\3','3','9','6', '\3','3','9','7', '\3','3','9','8', '\3','3','9','9',
+ '\3','4','0','0', '\3','4','0','1', '\3','4','0','2', '\3','4','0','3', '\3','4','0','4',
+ '\3','4','0','5', '\3','4','0','6', '\3','4','0','7', '\3','4','0','8', '\3','4','0','9',
+ '\3','4','1','0', '\3','4','1','1', '\3','4','1','2', '\3','4','1','3', '\3','4','1','4',
+ '\3','4','1','5', '\3','4','1','6', '\3','4','1','7', '\3','4','1','8', '\3','4','1','9',
+ '\3','4','2','0', '\3','4','2','1', '\3','4','2','2', '\3','4','2','3', '\3','4','2','4',
+ '\3','4','2','5', '\3','4','2','6', '\3','4','2','7', '\3','4','2','8', '\3','4','2','9',
+ '\3','4','3','0', '\3','4','3','1', '\3','4','3','2', '\3','4','3','3', '\3','4','3','4',
+ '\3','4','3','5', '\3','4','3','6', '\3','4','3','7', '\3','4','3','8', '\3','4','3','9',
+ '\3','4','4','0', '\3','4','4','1', '\3','4','4','2', '\3','4','4','3', '\3','4','4','4',
+ '\3','4','4','5', '\3','4','4','6', '\3','4','4','7', '\3','4','4','8', '\3','4','4','9',
+ '\3','4','5','0', '\3','4','5','1', '\3','4','5','2', '\3','4','5','3', '\3','4','5','4',
+ '\3','4','5','5', '\3','4','5','6', '\3','4','5','7', '\3','4','5','8', '\3','4','5','9',
+ '\3','4','6','0', '\3','4','6','1', '\3','4','6','2', '\3','4','6','3', '\3','4','6','4',
+ '\3','4','6','5', '\3','4','6','6', '\3','4','6','7', '\3','4','6','8', '\3','4','6','9',
+ '\3','4','7','0', '\3','4','7','1', '\3','4','7','2', '\3','4','7','3', '\3','4','7','4',
+ '\3','4','7','5', '\3','4','7','6', '\3','4','7','7', '\3','4','7','8', '\3','4','7','9',
+ '\3','4','8','0', '\3','4','8','1', '\3','4','8','2', '\3','4','8','3', '\3','4','8','4',
+ '\3','4','8','5', '\3','4','8','6', '\3','4','8','7', '\3','4','8','8', '\3','4','8','9',
+ '\3','4','9','0', '\3','4','9','1', '\3','4','9','2', '\3','4','9','3', '\3','4','9','4',
+ '\3','4','9','5', '\3','4','9','6', '\3','4','9','7', '\3','4','9','8', '\3','4','9','9',
+ '\3','5','0','0', '\3','5','0','1', '\3','5','0','2', '\3','5','0','3', '\3','5','0','4',
+ '\3','5','0','5', '\3','5','0','6', '\3','5','0','7', '\3','5','0','8', '\3','5','0','9',
+ '\3','5','1','0', '\3','5','1','1', '\3','5','1','2', '\3','5','1','3', '\3','5','1','4',
+ '\3','5','1','5', '\3','5','1','6', '\3','5','1','7', '\3','5','1','8', '\3','5','1','9',
+ '\3','5','2','0', '\3','5','2','1', '\3','5','2','2', '\3','5','2','3', '\3','5','2','4',
+ '\3','5','2','5', '\3','5','2','6', '\3','5','2','7', '\3','5','2','8', '\3','5','2','9',
+ '\3','5','3','0', '\3','5','3','1', '\3','5','3','2', '\3','5','3','3', '\3','5','3','4',
+ '\3','5','3','5', '\3','5','3','6', '\3','5','3','7', '\3','5','3','8', '\3','5','3','9',
+ '\3','5','4','0', '\3','5','4','1', '\3','5','4','2', '\3','5','4','3', '\3','5','4','4',
+ '\3','5','4','5', '\3','5','4','6', '\3','5','4','7', '\3','5','4','8', '\3','5','4','9',
+ '\3','5','5','0', '\3','5','5','1', '\3','5','5','2', '\3','5','5','3', '\3','5','5','4',
+ '\3','5','5','5', '\3','5','5','6', '\3','5','5','7', '\3','5','5','8', '\3','5','5','9',
+ '\3','5','6','0', '\3','5','6','1', '\3','5','6','2', '\3','5','6','3', '\3','5','6','4',
+ '\3','5','6','5', '\3','5','6','6', '\3','5','6','7', '\3','5','6','8', '\3','5','6','9',
+ '\3','5','7','0', '\3','5','7','1', '\3','5','7','2', '\3','5','7','3', '\3','5','7','4',
+ '\3','5','7','5', '\3','5','7','6', '\3','5','7','7', '\3','5','7','8', '\3','5','7','9',
+ '\3','5','8','0', '\3','5','8','1', '\3','5','8','2', '\3','5','8','3', '\3','5','8','4',
+ '\3','5','8','5', '\3','5','8','6', '\3','5','8','7', '\3','5','8','8', '\3','5','8','9',
+ '\3','5','9','0', '\3','5','9','1', '\3','5','9','2', '\3','5','9','3', '\3','5','9','4',
+ '\3','5','9','5', '\3','5','9','6', '\3','5','9','7', '\3','5','9','8', '\3','5','9','9',
+ '\3','6','0','0', '\3','6','0','1', '\3','6','0','2', '\3','6','0','3', '\3','6','0','4',
+ '\3','6','0','5', '\3','6','0','6', '\3','6','0','7', '\3','6','0','8', '\3','6','0','9',
+ '\3','6','1','0', '\3','6','1','1', '\3','6','1','2', '\3','6','1','3', '\3','6','1','4',
+ '\3','6','1','5', '\3','6','1','6', '\3','6','1','7', '\3','6','1','8', '\3','6','1','9',
+ '\3','6','2','0', '\3','6','2','1', '\3','6','2','2', '\3','6','2','3', '\3','6','2','4',
+ '\3','6','2','5', '\3','6','2','6', '\3','6','2','7', '\3','6','2','8', '\3','6','2','9',
+ '\3','6','3','0', '\3','6','3','1', '\3','6','3','2', '\3','6','3','3', '\3','6','3','4',
+ '\3','6','3','5', '\3','6','3','6', '\3','6','3','7', '\3','6','3','8', '\3','6','3','9',
+ '\3','6','4','0', '\3','6','4','1', '\3','6','4','2', '\3','6','4','3', '\3','6','4','4',
+ '\3','6','4','5', '\3','6','4','6', '\3','6','4','7', '\3','6','4','8', '\3','6','4','9',
+ '\3','6','5','0', '\3','6','5','1', '\3','6','5','2', '\3','6','5','3', '\3','6','5','4',
+ '\3','6','5','5', '\3','6','5','6', '\3','6','5','7', '\3','6','5','8', '\3','6','5','9',
+ '\3','6','6','0', '\3','6','6','1', '\3','6','6','2', '\3','6','6','3', '\3','6','6','4',
+ '\3','6','6','5', '\3','6','6','6', '\3','6','6','7', '\3','6','6','8', '\3','6','6','9',
+ '\3','6','7','0', '\3','6','7','1', '\3','6','7','2', '\3','6','7','3', '\3','6','7','4',
+ '\3','6','7','5', '\3','6','7','6', '\3','6','7','7', '\3','6','7','8', '\3','6','7','9',
+ '\3','6','8','0', '\3','6','8','1', '\3','6','8','2', '\3','6','8','3', '\3','6','8','4',
+ '\3','6','8','5', '\3','6','8','6', '\3','6','8','7', '\3','6','8','8', '\3','6','8','9',
+ '\3','6','9','0', '\3','6','9','1', '\3','6','9','2', '\3','6','9','3', '\3','6','9','4',
+ '\3','6','9','5', '\3','6','9','6', '\3','6','9','7', '\3','6','9','8', '\3','6','9','9',
+ '\3','7','0','0', '\3','7','0','1', '\3','7','0','2', '\3','7','0','3', '\3','7','0','4',
+ '\3','7','0','5', '\3','7','0','6', '\3','7','0','7', '\3','7','0','8', '\3','7','0','9',
+ '\3','7','1','0', '\3','7','1','1', '\3','7','1','2', '\3','7','1','3', '\3','7','1','4',
+ '\3','7','1','5', '\3','7','1','6', '\3','7','1','7', '\3','7','1','8', '\3','7','1','9',
+ '\3','7','2','0', '\3','7','2','1', '\3','7','2','2', '\3','7','2','3', '\3','7','2','4',
+ '\3','7','2','5', '\3','7','2','6', '\3','7','2','7', '\3','7','2','8', '\3','7','2','9',
+ '\3','7','3','0', '\3','7','3','1', '\3','7','3','2', '\3','7','3','3', '\3','7','3','4',
+ '\3','7','3','5', '\3','7','3','6', '\3','7','3','7', '\3','7','3','8', '\3','7','3','9',
+ '\3','7','4','0', '\3','7','4','1', '\3','7','4','2', '\3','7','4','3', '\3','7','4','4',
+ '\3','7','4','5', '\3','7','4','6', '\3','7','4','7', '\3','7','4','8', '\3','7','4','9',
+ '\3','7','5','0', '\3','7','5','1', '\3','7','5','2', '\3','7','5','3', '\3','7','5','4',
+ '\3','7','5','5', '\3','7','5','6', '\3','7','5','7', '\3','7','5','8', '\3','7','5','9',
+ '\3','7','6','0', '\3','7','6','1', '\3','7','6','2', '\3','7','6','3', '\3','7','6','4',
+ '\3','7','6','5', '\3','7','6','6', '\3','7','6','7', '\3','7','6','8', '\3','7','6','9',
+ '\3','7','7','0', '\3','7','7','1', '\3','7','7','2', '\3','7','7','3', '\3','7','7','4',
+ '\3','7','7','5', '\3','7','7','6', '\3','7','7','7', '\3','7','7','8', '\3','7','7','9',
+ '\3','7','8','0', '\3','7','8','1', '\3','7','8','2', '\3','7','8','3', '\3','7','8','4',
+ '\3','7','8','5', '\3','7','8','6', '\3','7','8','7', '\3','7','8','8', '\3','7','8','9',
+ '\3','7','9','0', '\3','7','9','1', '\3','7','9','2', '\3','7','9','3', '\3','7','9','4',
+ '\3','7','9','5', '\3','7','9','6', '\3','7','9','7', '\3','7','9','8', '\3','7','9','9',
+ '\3','8','0','0', '\3','8','0','1', '\3','8','0','2', '\3','8','0','3', '\3','8','0','4',
+ '\3','8','0','5', '\3','8','0','6', '\3','8','0','7', '\3','8','0','8', '\3','8','0','9',
+ '\3','8','1','0', '\3','8','1','1', '\3','8','1','2', '\3','8','1','3', '\3','8','1','4',
+ '\3','8','1','5', '\3','8','1','6', '\3','8','1','7', '\3','8','1','8', '\3','8','1','9',
+ '\3','8','2','0', '\3','8','2','1', '\3','8','2','2', '\3','8','2','3', '\3','8','2','4',
+ '\3','8','2','5', '\3','8','2','6', '\3','8','2','7', '\3','8','2','8', '\3','8','2','9',
+ '\3','8','3','0', '\3','8','3','1', '\3','8','3','2', '\3','8','3','3', '\3','8','3','4',
+ '\3','8','3','5', '\3','8','3','6', '\3','8','3','7', '\3','8','3','8', '\3','8','3','9',
+ '\3','8','4','0', '\3','8','4','1', '\3','8','4','2', '\3','8','4','3', '\3','8','4','4',
+ '\3','8','4','5', '\3','8','4','6', '\3','8','4','7', '\3','8','4','8', '\3','8','4','9',
+ '\3','8','5','0', '\3','8','5','1', '\3','8','5','2', '\3','8','5','3', '\3','8','5','4',
+ '\3','8','5','5', '\3','8','5','6', '\3','8','5','7', '\3','8','5','8', '\3','8','5','9',
+ '\3','8','6','0', '\3','8','6','1', '\3','8','6','2', '\3','8','6','3', '\3','8','6','4',
+ '\3','8','6','5', '\3','8','6','6', '\3','8','6','7', '\3','8','6','8', '\3','8','6','9',
+ '\3','8','7','0', '\3','8','7','1', '\3','8','7','2', '\3','8','7','3', '\3','8','7','4',
+ '\3','8','7','5', '\3','8','7','6', '\3','8','7','7', '\3','8','7','8', '\3','8','7','9',
+ '\3','8','8','0', '\3','8','8','1', '\3','8','8','2', '\3','8','8','3', '\3','8','8','4',
+ '\3','8','8','5', '\3','8','8','6', '\3','8','8','7', '\3','8','8','8', '\3','8','8','9',
+ '\3','8','9','0', '\3','8','9','1', '\3','8','9','2', '\3','8','9','3', '\3','8','9','4',
+ '\3','8','9','5', '\3','8','9','6', '\3','8','9','7', '\3','8','9','8', '\3','8','9','9',
+ '\3','9','0','0', '\3','9','0','1', '\3','9','0','2', '\3','9','0','3', '\3','9','0','4',
+ '\3','9','0','5', '\3','9','0','6', '\3','9','0','7', '\3','9','0','8', '\3','9','0','9',
+ '\3','9','1','0', '\3','9','1','1', '\3','9','1','2', '\3','9','1','3', '\3','9','1','4',
+ '\3','9','1','5', '\3','9','1','6', '\3','9','1','7', '\3','9','1','8', '\3','9','1','9',
+ '\3','9','2','0', '\3','9','2','1', '\3','9','2','2', '\3','9','2','3', '\3','9','2','4',
+ '\3','9','2','5', '\3','9','2','6', '\3','9','2','7', '\3','9','2','8', '\3','9','2','9',
+ '\3','9','3','0', '\3','9','3','1', '\3','9','3','2', '\3','9','3','3', '\3','9','3','4',
+ '\3','9','3','5', '\3','9','3','6', '\3','9','3','7', '\3','9','3','8', '\3','9','3','9',
+ '\3','9','4','0', '\3','9','4','1', '\3','9','4','2', '\3','9','4','3', '\3','9','4','4',
+ '\3','9','4','5', '\3','9','4','6', '\3','9','4','7', '\3','9','4','8', '\3','9','4','9',
+ '\3','9','5','0', '\3','9','5','1', '\3','9','5','2', '\3','9','5','3', '\3','9','5','4',
+ '\3','9','5','5', '\3','9','5','6', '\3','9','5','7', '\3','9','5','8', '\3','9','5','9',
+ '\3','9','6','0', '\3','9','6','1', '\3','9','6','2', '\3','9','6','3', '\3','9','6','4',
+ '\3','9','6','5', '\3','9','6','6', '\3','9','6','7', '\3','9','6','8', '\3','9','6','9',
+ '\3','9','7','0', '\3','9','7','1', '\3','9','7','2', '\3','9','7','3', '\3','9','7','4',
+ '\3','9','7','5', '\3','9','7','6', '\3','9','7','7', '\3','9','7','8', '\3','9','7','9',
+ '\3','9','8','0', '\3','9','8','1', '\3','9','8','2', '\3','9','8','3', '\3','9','8','4',
+ '\3','9','8','5', '\3','9','8','6', '\3','9','8','7', '\3','9','8','8', '\3','9','8','9',
+ '\3','9','9','0', '\3','9','9','1', '\3','9','9','2', '\3','9','9','3', '\3','9','9','4',
+ '\3','9','9','5', '\3','9','9','6', '\3','9','9','7', '\3','9','9','8', '\3','9','9','9', '\0'};
 #endif
 
-#if DEC_DPD2BIN==1
+#if defined(DEC_DPD2BCD8) && DEC_DPD2BCD8==1 && !defined(DECDPD2BCD8)
+#define DECDPD2BCD8
 
-const uint16_t DPD2BIN[1024] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
-  8, 9, 80, 81, 800, 801, 880, 881, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
-  15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 90, 91, 810, 811, 890, 891, 20, 21,
-  22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 82, 83, 820, 821, 808,
-  809, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 92, 93,
-  830, 831, 818, 819, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48,
-  49, 84, 85, 840, 841, 88, 89, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55,
-  56, 57, 58, 59, 94, 95, 850, 851, 98, 99, 60, 61, 62,
-  63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 86, 87, 860, 861, 888, 889,
-  70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 96, 97, 870,
-  871, 898, 899, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109,
-  180, 181, 900, 901, 980, 981, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116,
-  117, 118, 119, 190, 191, 910, 911, 990, 991, 120, 121, 122, 123,
-  124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 182, 183, 920, 921, 908, 909, 130,
-  131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 192, 193, 930, 931,
-  918, 919, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 184,
-  185, 940, 941, 188, 189, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157,
-  158, 159, 194, 195, 950, 951, 198, 199, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164,
-  165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 186, 187, 960, 961, 988, 989, 170, 171,
-  172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 196, 197, 970, 971, 998,
-  999, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 280, 281,
-  802, 803, 882, 883, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218,
-  219, 290, 291, 812, 813, 892, 893, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225,
-  226, 227, 228, 229, 282, 283, 822, 823, 828, 829, 230, 231, 232,
-  233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 292, 293, 832, 833, 838, 839,
-  240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 284, 285, 842,
-  843, 288, 289, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259,
-  294, 295, 852, 853, 298, 299, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266,
-  267, 268, 269, 286, 287, 862, 863, 888, 889, 270, 271, 272, 273,
-  274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 296, 297, 872, 873, 898, 899, 300,
-  301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 380, 381, 902, 903,
-  982, 983, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 390,
-  391, 912, 913, 992, 993, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327,
-  328, 329, 382, 383, 922, 923, 928, 929, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334,
-  335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 392, 393, 932, 933, 938, 939, 340, 341,
-  342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 384, 385, 942, 943, 388,
-  389, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 394, 395,
-  952, 953, 398, 399, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368,
-  369, 386, 387, 962, 963, 988, 989, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375,
-  376, 377, 378, 379, 396, 397, 972, 973, 998, 999, 400, 401, 402,
-  403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 480, 481, 804, 805, 884, 885,
-  410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419, 490, 491, 814,
-  815, 894, 895, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429,
-  482, 483, 824, 825, 848, 849, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436,
-  437, 438, 439, 492, 493, 834, 835, 858, 859, 440, 441, 442, 443,
-  444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 484, 485, 844, 845, 488, 489, 450,
-  451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 494, 495, 854, 855,
-  498, 499, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 486,
-  487, 864, 865, 888, 889, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477,
-  478, 479, 496, 497, 874, 875, 898, 899, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504,
-  505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 580, 581, 904, 905, 984, 985, 510, 511,
-  512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 590, 591, 914, 915, 994,
-  995, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 582, 583,
-  924, 925, 948, 949, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538,
-  539, 592, 593, 934, 935, 958, 959, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545,
-  546, 547, 548, 549, 584, 585, 944, 945, 588, 589, 550, 551, 552,
-  553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 594, 595, 954, 955, 598, 599,
-  560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 586, 587, 964,
-  965, 988, 989, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579,
-  596, 597, 974, 975, 998, 999, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606,
-  607, 608, 609, 680, 681, 806, 807, 886, 887, 610, 611, 612, 613,
-  614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 690, 691, 816, 817, 896, 897, 620,
-  621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 682, 683, 826, 827,
-  868, 869, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 692,
-  693, 836, 837, 878, 879, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647,
-  648, 649, 684, 685, 846, 847, 688, 689, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654,
-  655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 694, 695, 856, 857, 698, 699, 660, 661,
-  662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 686, 687, 866, 867, 888,
-  889, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679, 696, 697,
-  876, 877, 898, 899, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708,
-  709, 780, 781, 906, 907, 986, 987, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715,
-  716, 717, 718, 719, 790, 791, 916, 917, 996, 997, 720, 721, 722,
-  723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 782, 783, 926, 927, 968, 969,
-  730, 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 792, 793, 936,
-  937, 978, 979, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749,
-  784, 785, 946, 947, 788, 789, 750, 751, 752, 753, 754, 755, 756,
-  757, 758, 759, 794, 795, 956, 957, 798, 799, 760, 761, 762, 763,
-  764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 786, 787, 966, 967, 988, 989, 770,
-  771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779, 796, 797, 976, 977,
-  998, 999
-};
+const uint8_t DPD2BCD8[4096]={
+ 0,0,0,0, 0,0,1,1, 0,0,2,1, 0,0,3,1, 0,0,4,1, 0,0,5,1, 0,0,6,1, 0,0,7,1, 0,0,8,1,
+ 0,0,9,1, 0,8,0,2, 0,8,1,2, 8,0,0,3, 8,0,1,3, 8,8,0,3, 8,8,1,3, 0,1,0,2, 0,1,1,2,
+ 0,1,2,2, 0,1,3,2, 0,1,4,2, 0,1,5,2, 0,1,6,2, 0,1,7,2, 0,1,8,2, 0,1,9,2, 0,9,0,2,
+ 0,9,1,2, 8,1,0,3, 8,1,1,3, 8,9,0,3, 8,9,1,3, 0,2,0,2, 0,2,1,2, 0,2,2,2, 0,2,3,2,
+ 0,2,4,2, 0,2,5,2, 0,2,6,2, 0,2,7,2, 0,2,8,2, 0,2,9,2, 0,8,2,2, 0,8,3,2, 8,2,0,3,
+ 8,2,1,3, 8,0,8,3, 8,0,9,3, 0,3,0,2, 0,3,1,2, 0,3,2,2, 0,3,3,2, 0,3,4,2, 0,3,5,2,
+ 0,3,6,2, 0,3,7,2, 0,3,8,2, 0,3,9,2, 0,9,2,2, 0,9,3,2, 8,3,0,3, 8,3,1,3, 8,1,8,3,
+ 8,1,9,3, 0,4,0,2, 0,4,1,2, 0,4,2,2, 0,4,3,2, 0,4,4,2, 0,4,5,2, 0,4,6,2, 0,4,7,2,
+ 0,4,8,2, 0,4,9,2, 0,8,4,2, 0,8,5,2, 8,4,0,3, 8,4,1,3, 0,8,8,2, 0,8,9,2, 0,5,0,2,
+ 0,5,1,2, 0,5,2,2, 0,5,3,2, 0,5,4,2, 0,5,5,2, 0,5,6,2, 0,5,7,2, 0,5,8,2, 0,5,9,2,
+ 0,9,4,2, 0,9,5,2, 8,5,0,3, 8,5,1,3, 0,9,8,2, 0,9,9,2, 0,6,0,2, 0,6,1,2, 0,6,2,2,
+ 0,6,3,2, 0,6,4,2, 0,6,5,2, 0,6,6,2, 0,6,7,2, 0,6,8,2, 0,6,9,2, 0,8,6,2, 0,8,7,2,
+ 8,6,0,3, 8,6,1,3, 8,8,8,3, 8,8,9,3, 0,7,0,2, 0,7,1,2, 0,7,2,2, 0,7,3,2, 0,7,4,2,
+ 0,7,5,2, 0,7,6,2, 0,7,7,2, 0,7,8,2, 0,7,9,2, 0,9,6,2, 0,9,7,2, 8,7,0,3, 8,7,1,3,
+ 8,9,8,3, 8,9,9,3, 1,0,0,3, 1,0,1,3, 1,0,2,3, 1,0,3,3, 1,0,4,3, 1,0,5,3, 1,0,6,3,
+ 1,0,7,3, 1,0,8,3, 1,0,9,3, 1,8,0,3, 1,8,1,3, 9,0,0,3, 9,0,1,3, 9,8,0,3, 9,8,1,3,
+ 1,1,0,3, 1,1,1,3, 1,1,2,3, 1,1,3,3, 1,1,4,3, 1,1,5,3, 1,1,6,3, 1,1,7,3, 1,1,8,3,
+ 1,1,9,3, 1,9,0,3, 1,9,1,3, 9,1,0,3, 9,1,1,3, 9,9,0,3, 9,9,1,3, 1,2,0,3, 1,2,1,3,
+ 1,2,2,3, 1,2,3,3, 1,2,4,3, 1,2,5,3, 1,2,6,3, 1,2,7,3, 1,2,8,3, 1,2,9,3, 1,8,2,3,
+ 1,8,3,3, 9,2,0,3, 9,2,1,3, 9,0,8,3, 9,0,9,3, 1,3,0,3, 1,3,1,3, 1,3,2,3, 1,3,3,3,
+ 1,3,4,3, 1,3,5,3, 1,3,6,3, 1,3,7,3, 1,3,8,3, 1,3,9,3, 1,9,2,3, 1,9,3,3, 9,3,0,3,
+ 9,3,1,3, 9,1,8,3, 9,1,9,3, 1,4,0,3, 1,4,1,3, 1,4,2,3, 1,4,3,3, 1,4,4,3, 1,4,5,3,
+ 1,4,6,3, 1,4,7,3, 1,4,8,3, 1,4,9,3, 1,8,4,3, 1,8,5,3, 9,4,0,3, 9,4,1,3, 1,8,8,3,
+ 1,8,9,3, 1,5,0,3, 1,5,1,3, 1,5,2,3, 1,5,3,3, 1,5,4,3, 1,5,5,3, 1,5,6,3, 1,5,7,3,
+ 1,5,8,3, 1,5,9,3, 1,9,4,3, 1,9,5,3, 9,5,0,3, 9,5,1,3, 1,9,8,3, 1,9,9,3, 1,6,0,3,
+ 1,6,1,3, 1,6,2,3, 1,6,3,3, 1,6,4,3, 1,6,5,3, 1,6,6,3, 1,6,7,3, 1,6,8,3, 1,6,9,3,
+ 1,8,6,3, 1,8,7,3, 9,6,0,3, 9,6,1,3, 9,8,8,3, 9,8,9,3, 1,7,0,3, 1,7,1,3, 1,7,2,3,
+ 1,7,3,3, 1,7,4,3, 1,7,5,3, 1,7,6,3, 1,7,7,3, 1,7,8,3, 1,7,9,3, 1,9,6,3, 1,9,7,3,
+ 9,7,0,3, 9,7,1,3, 9,9,8,3, 9,9,9,3, 2,0,0,3, 2,0,1,3, 2,0,2,3, 2,0,3,3, 2,0,4,3,
+ 2,0,5,3, 2,0,6,3, 2,0,7,3, 2,0,8,3, 2,0,9,3, 2,8,0,3, 2,8,1,3, 8,0,2,3, 8,0,3,3,
+ 8,8,2,3, 8,8,3,3, 2,1,0,3, 2,1,1,3, 2,1,2,3, 2,1,3,3, 2,1,4,3, 2,1,5,3, 2,1,6,3,
+ 2,1,7,3, 2,1,8,3, 2,1,9,3, 2,9,0,3, 2,9,1,3, 8,1,2,3, 8,1,3,3, 8,9,2,3, 8,9,3,3,
+ 2,2,0,3, 2,2,1,3, 2,2,2,3, 2,2,3,3, 2,2,4,3, 2,2,5,3, 2,2,6,3, 2,2,7,3, 2,2,8,3,
+ 2,2,9,3, 2,8,2,3, 2,8,3,3, 8,2,2,3, 8,2,3,3, 8,2,8,3, 8,2,9,3, 2,3,0,3, 2,3,1,3,
+ 2,3,2,3, 2,3,3,3, 2,3,4,3, 2,3,5,3, 2,3,6,3, 2,3,7,3, 2,3,8,3, 2,3,9,3, 2,9,2,3,
+ 2,9,3,3, 8,3,2,3, 8,3,3,3, 8,3,8,3, 8,3,9,3, 2,4,0,3, 2,4,1,3, 2,4,2,3, 2,4,3,3,
+ 2,4,4,3, 2,4,5,3, 2,4,6,3, 2,4,7,3, 2,4,8,3, 2,4,9,3, 2,8,4,3, 2,8,5,3, 8,4,2,3,
+ 8,4,3,3, 2,8,8,3, 2,8,9,3, 2,5,0,3, 2,5,1,3, 2,5,2,3, 2,5,3,3, 2,5,4,3, 2,5,5,3,
+ 2,5,6,3, 2,5,7,3, 2,5,8,3, 2,5,9,3, 2,9,4,3, 2,9,5,3, 8,5,2,3, 8,5,3,3, 2,9,8,3,
+ 2,9,9,3, 2,6,0,3, 2,6,1,3, 2,6,2,3, 2,6,3,3, 2,6,4,3, 2,6,5,3, 2,6,6,3, 2,6,7,3,
+ 2,6,8,3, 2,6,9,3, 2,8,6,3, 2,8,7,3, 8,6,2,3, 8,6,3,3, 8,8,8,3, 8,8,9,3, 2,7,0,3,
+ 2,7,1,3, 2,7,2,3, 2,7,3,3, 2,7,4,3, 2,7,5,3, 2,7,6,3, 2,7,7,3, 2,7,8,3, 2,7,9,3,
+ 2,9,6,3, 2,9,7,3, 8,7,2,3, 8,7,3,3, 8,9,8,3, 8,9,9,3, 3,0,0,3, 3,0,1,3, 3,0,2,3,
+ 3,0,3,3, 3,0,4,3, 3,0,5,3, 3,0,6,3, 3,0,7,3, 3,0,8,3, 3,0,9,3, 3,8,0,3, 3,8,1,3,
+ 9,0,2,3, 9,0,3,3, 9,8,2,3, 9,8,3,3, 3,1,0,3, 3,1,1,3, 3,1,2,3, 3,1,3,3, 3,1,4,3,
+ 3,1,5,3, 3,1,6,3, 3,1,7,3, 3,1,8,3, 3,1,9,3, 3,9,0,3, 3,9,1,3, 9,1,2,3, 9,1,3,3,
+ 9,9,2,3, 9,9,3,3, 3,2,0,3, 3,2,1,3, 3,2,2,3, 3,2,3,3, 3,2,4,3, 3,2,5,3, 3,2,6,3,
+ 3,2,7,3, 3,2,8,3, 3,2,9,3, 3,8,2,3, 3,8,3,3, 9,2,2,3, 9,2,3,3, 9,2,8,3, 9,2,9,3,
+ 3,3,0,3, 3,3,1,3, 3,3,2,3, 3,3,3,3, 3,3,4,3, 3,3,5,3, 3,3,6,3, 3,3,7,3, 3,3,8,3,
+ 3,3,9,3, 3,9,2,3, 3,9,3,3, 9,3,2,3, 9,3,3,3, 9,3,8,3, 9,3,9,3, 3,4,0,3, 3,4,1,3,
+ 3,4,2,3, 3,4,3,3, 3,4,4,3, 3,4,5,3, 3,4,6,3, 3,4,7,3, 3,4,8,3, 3,4,9,3, 3,8,4,3,
+ 3,8,5,3, 9,4,2,3, 9,4,3,3, 3,8,8,3, 3,8,9,3, 3,5,0,3, 3,5,1,3, 3,5,2,3, 3,5,3,3,
+ 3,5,4,3, 3,5,5,3, 3,5,6,3, 3,5,7,3, 3,5,8,3, 3,5,9,3, 3,9,4,3, 3,9,5,3, 9,5,2,3,
+ 9,5,3,3, 3,9,8,3, 3,9,9,3, 3,6,0,3, 3,6,1,3, 3,6,2,3, 3,6,3,3, 3,6,4,3, 3,6,5,3,
+ 3,6,6,3, 3,6,7,3, 3,6,8,3, 3,6,9,3, 3,8,6,3, 3,8,7,3, 9,6,2,3, 9,6,3,3, 9,8,8,3,
+ 9,8,9,3, 3,7,0,3, 3,7,1,3, 3,7,2,3, 3,7,3,3, 3,7,4,3, 3,7,5,3, 3,7,6,3, 3,7,7,3,
+ 3,7,8,3, 3,7,9,3, 3,9,6,3, 3,9,7,3, 9,7,2,3, 9,7,3,3, 9,9,8,3, 9,9,9,3, 4,0,0,3,
+ 4,0,1,3, 4,0,2,3, 4,0,3,3, 4,0,4,3, 4,0,5,3, 4,0,6,3, 4,0,7,3, 4,0,8,3, 4,0,9,3,
+ 4,8,0,3, 4,8,1,3, 8,0,4,3, 8,0,5,3, 8,8,4,3, 8,8,5,3, 4,1,0,3, 4,1,1,3, 4,1,2,3,
+ 4,1,3,3, 4,1,4,3, 4,1,5,3, 4,1,6,3, 4,1,7,3, 4,1,8,3, 4,1,9,3, 4,9,0,3, 4,9,1,3,
+ 8,1,4,3, 8,1,5,3, 8,9,4,3, 8,9,5,3, 4,2,0,3, 4,2,1,3, 4,2,2,3, 4,2,3,3, 4,2,4,3,
+ 4,2,5,3, 4,2,6,3, 4,2,7,3, 4,2,8,3, 4,2,9,3, 4,8,2,3, 4,8,3,3, 8,2,4,3, 8,2,5,3,
+ 8,4,8,3, 8,4,9,3, 4,3,0,3, 4,3,1,3, 4,3,2,3, 4,3,3,3, 4,3,4,3, 4,3,5,3, 4,3,6,3,
+ 4,3,7,3, 4,3,8,3, 4,3,9,3, 4,9,2,3, 4,9,3,3, 8,3,4,3, 8,3,5,3, 8,5,8,3, 8,5,9,3,
+ 4,4,0,3, 4,4,1,3, 4,4,2,3, 4,4,3,3, 4,4,4,3, 4,4,5,3, 4,4,6,3, 4,4,7,3, 4,4,8,3,
+ 4,4,9,3, 4,8,4,3, 4,8,5,3, 8,4,4,3, 8,4,5,3, 4,8,8,3, 4,8,9,3, 4,5,0,3, 4,5,1,3,
+ 4,5,2,3, 4,5,3,3, 4,5,4,3, 4,5,5,3, 4,5,6,3, 4,5,7,3, 4,5,8,3, 4,5,9,3, 4,9,4,3,
+ 4,9,5,3, 8,5,4,3, 8,5,5,3, 4,9,8,3, 4,9,9,3, 4,6,0,3, 4,6,1,3, 4,6,2,3, 4,6,3,3,
+ 4,6,4,3, 4,6,5,3, 4,6,6,3, 4,6,7,3, 4,6,8,3, 4,6,9,3, 4,8,6,3, 4,8,7,3, 8,6,4,3,
+ 8,6,5,3, 8,8,8,3, 8,8,9,3, 4,7,0,3, 4,7,1,3, 4,7,2,3, 4,7,3,3, 4,7,4,3, 4,7,5,3,
+ 4,7,6,3, 4,7,7,3, 4,7,8,3, 4,7,9,3, 4,9,6,3, 4,9,7,3, 8,7,4,3, 8,7,5,3, 8,9,8,3,
+ 8,9,9,3, 5,0,0,3, 5,0,1,3, 5,0,2,3, 5,0,3,3, 5,0,4,3, 5,0,5,3, 5,0,6,3, 5,0,7,3,
+ 5,0,8,3, 5,0,9,3, 5,8,0,3, 5,8,1,3, 9,0,4,3, 9,0,5,3, 9,8,4,3, 9,8,5,3, 5,1,0,3,
+ 5,1,1,3, 5,1,2,3, 5,1,3,3, 5,1,4,3, 5,1,5,3, 5,1,6,3, 5,1,7,3, 5,1,8,3, 5,1,9,3,
+ 5,9,0,3, 5,9,1,3, 9,1,4,3, 9,1,5,3, 9,9,4,3, 9,9,5,3, 5,2,0,3, 5,2,1,3, 5,2,2,3,
+ 5,2,3,3, 5,2,4,3, 5,2,5,3, 5,2,6,3, 5,2,7,3, 5,2,8,3, 5,2,9,3, 5,8,2,3, 5,8,3,3,
+ 9,2,4,3, 9,2,5,3, 9,4,8,3, 9,4,9,3, 5,3,0,3, 5,3,1,3, 5,3,2,3, 5,3,3,3, 5,3,4,3,
+ 5,3,5,3, 5,3,6,3, 5,3,7,3, 5,3,8,3, 5,3,9,3, 5,9,2,3, 5,9,3,3, 9,3,4,3, 9,3,5,3,
+ 9,5,8,3, 9,5,9,3, 5,4,0,3, 5,4,1,3, 5,4,2,3, 5,4,3,3, 5,4,4,3, 5,4,5,3, 5,4,6,3,
+ 5,4,7,3, 5,4,8,3, 5,4,9,3, 5,8,4,3, 5,8,5,3, 9,4,4,3, 9,4,5,3, 5,8,8,3, 5,8,9,3,
+ 5,5,0,3, 5,5,1,3, 5,5,2,3, 5,5,3,3, 5,5,4,3, 5,5,5,3, 5,5,6,3, 5,5,7,3, 5,5,8,3,
+ 5,5,9,3, 5,9,4,3, 5,9,5,3, 9,5,4,3, 9,5,5,3, 5,9,8,3, 5,9,9,3, 5,6,0,3, 5,6,1,3,
+ 5,6,2,3, 5,6,3,3, 5,6,4,3, 5,6,5,3, 5,6,6,3, 5,6,7,3, 5,6,8,3, 5,6,9,3, 5,8,6,3,
+ 5,8,7,3, 9,6,4,3, 9,6,5,3, 9,8,8,3, 9,8,9,3, 5,7,0,3, 5,7,1,3, 5,7,2,3, 5,7,3,3,
+ 5,7,4,3, 5,7,5,3, 5,7,6,3, 5,7,7,3, 5,7,8,3, 5,7,9,3, 5,9,6,3, 5,9,7,3, 9,7,4,3,
+ 9,7,5,3, 9,9,8,3, 9,9,9,3, 6,0,0,3, 6,0,1,3, 6,0,2,3, 6,0,3,3, 6,0,4,3, 6,0,5,3,
+ 6,0,6,3, 6,0,7,3, 6,0,8,3, 6,0,9,3, 6,8,0,3, 6,8,1,3, 8,0,6,3, 8,0,7,3, 8,8,6,3,
+ 8,8,7,3, 6,1,0,3, 6,1,1,3, 6,1,2,3, 6,1,3,3, 6,1,4,3, 6,1,5,3, 6,1,6,3, 6,1,7,3,
+ 6,1,8,3, 6,1,9,3, 6,9,0,3, 6,9,1,3, 8,1,6,3, 8,1,7,3, 8,9,6,3, 8,9,7,3, 6,2,0,3,
+ 6,2,1,3, 6,2,2,3, 6,2,3,3, 6,2,4,3, 6,2,5,3, 6,2,6,3, 6,2,7,3, 6,2,8,3, 6,2,9,3,
+ 6,8,2,3, 6,8,3,3, 8,2,6,3, 8,2,7,3, 8,6,8,3, 8,6,9,3, 6,3,0,3, 6,3,1,3, 6,3,2,3,
+ 6,3,3,3, 6,3,4,3, 6,3,5,3, 6,3,6,3, 6,3,7,3, 6,3,8,3, 6,3,9,3, 6,9,2,3, 6,9,3,3,
+ 8,3,6,3, 8,3,7,3, 8,7,8,3, 8,7,9,3, 6,4,0,3, 6,4,1,3, 6,4,2,3, 6,4,3,3, 6,4,4,3,
+ 6,4,5,3, 6,4,6,3, 6,4,7,3, 6,4,8,3, 6,4,9,3, 6,8,4,3, 6,8,5,3, 8,4,6,3, 8,4,7,3,
+ 6,8,8,3, 6,8,9,3, 6,5,0,3, 6,5,1,3, 6,5,2,3, 6,5,3,3, 6,5,4,3, 6,5,5,3, 6,5,6,3,
+ 6,5,7,3, 6,5,8,3, 6,5,9,3, 6,9,4,3, 6,9,5,3, 8,5,6,3, 8,5,7,3, 6,9,8,3, 6,9,9,3,
+ 6,6,0,3, 6,6,1,3, 6,6,2,3, 6,6,3,3, 6,6,4,3, 6,6,5,3, 6,6,6,3, 6,6,7,3, 6,6,8,3,
+ 6,6,9,3, 6,8,6,3, 6,8,7,3, 8,6,6,3, 8,6,7,3, 8,8,8,3, 8,8,9,3, 6,7,0,3, 6,7,1,3,
+ 6,7,2,3, 6,7,3,3, 6,7,4,3, 6,7,5,3, 6,7,6,3, 6,7,7,3, 6,7,8,3, 6,7,9,3, 6,9,6,3,
+ 6,9,7,3, 8,7,6,3, 8,7,7,3, 8,9,8,3, 8,9,9,3, 7,0,0,3, 7,0,1,3, 7,0,2,3, 7,0,3,3,
+ 7,0,4,3, 7,0,5,3, 7,0,6,3, 7,0,7,3, 7,0,8,3, 7,0,9,3, 7,8,0,3, 7,8,1,3, 9,0,6,3,
+ 9,0,7,3, 9,8,6,3, 9,8,7,3, 7,1,0,3, 7,1,1,3, 7,1,2,3, 7,1,3,3, 7,1,4,3, 7,1,5,3,
+ 7,1,6,3, 7,1,7,3, 7,1,8,3, 7,1,9,3, 7,9,0,3, 7,9,1,3, 9,1,6,3, 9,1,7,3, 9,9,6,3,
+ 9,9,7,3, 7,2,0,3, 7,2,1,3, 7,2,2,3, 7,2,3,3, 7,2,4,3, 7,2,5,3, 7,2,6,3, 7,2,7,3,
+ 7,2,8,3, 7,2,9,3, 7,8,2,3, 7,8,3,3, 9,2,6,3, 9,2,7,3, 9,6,8,3, 9,6,9,3, 7,3,0,3,
+ 7,3,1,3, 7,3,2,3, 7,3,3,3, 7,3,4,3, 7,3,5,3, 7,3,6,3, 7,3,7,3, 7,3,8,3, 7,3,9,3,
+ 7,9,2,3, 7,9,3,3, 9,3,6,3, 9,3,7,3, 9,7,8,3, 9,7,9,3, 7,4,0,3, 7,4,1,3, 7,4,2,3,
+ 7,4,3,3, 7,4,4,3, 7,4,5,3, 7,4,6,3, 7,4,7,3, 7,4,8,3, 7,4,9,3, 7,8,4,3, 7,8,5,3,
+ 9,4,6,3, 9,4,7,3, 7,8,8,3, 7,8,9,3, 7,5,0,3, 7,5,1,3, 7,5,2,3, 7,5,3,3, 7,5,4,3,
+ 7,5,5,3, 7,5,6,3, 7,5,7,3, 7,5,8,3, 7,5,9,3, 7,9,4,3, 7,9,5,3, 9,5,6,3, 9,5,7,3,
+ 7,9,8,3, 7,9,9,3, 7,6,0,3, 7,6,1,3, 7,6,2,3, 7,6,3,3, 7,6,4,3, 7,6,5,3, 7,6,6,3,
+ 7,6,7,3, 7,6,8,3, 7,6,9,3, 7,8,6,3, 7,8,7,3, 9,6,6,3, 9,6,7,3, 9,8,8,3, 9,8,9,3,
+ 7,7,0,3, 7,7,1,3, 7,7,2,3, 7,7,3,3, 7,7,4,3, 7,7,5,3, 7,7,6,3, 7,7,7,3, 7,7,8,3,
+ 7,7,9,3, 7,9,6,3, 7,9,7,3, 9,7,6,3, 9,7,7,3, 9,9,8,3, 9,9,9,3};
 #endif
+
+#if defined(DEC_BIN2BCD8) && DEC_BIN2BCD8==1 && !defined(DECBIN2BCD8)
+#define DECBIN2BCD8
+
+const uint8_t BIN2BCD8[4000]={
+ 0,0,0,0, 0,0,1,1, 0,0,2,1, 0,0,3,1, 0,0,4,1, 0,0,5,1, 0,0,6,1, 0,0,7,1, 0,0,8,1,
+ 0,0,9,1, 0,1,0,2, 0,1,1,2, 0,1,2,2, 0,1,3,2, 0,1,4,2, 0,1,5,2, 0,1,6,2, 0,1,7,2,
+ 0,1,8,2, 0,1,9,2, 0,2,0,2, 0,2,1,2, 0,2,2,2, 0,2,3,2, 0,2,4,2, 0,2,5,2, 0,2,6,2,
+ 0,2,7,2, 0,2,8,2, 0,2,9,2, 0,3,0,2, 0,3,1,2, 0,3,2,2, 0,3,3,2, 0,3,4,2, 0,3,5,2,
+ 0,3,6,2, 0,3,7,2, 0,3,8,2, 0,3,9,2, 0,4,0,2, 0,4,1,2, 0,4,2,2, 0,4,3,2, 0,4,4,2,
+ 0,4,5,2, 0,4,6,2, 0,4,7,2, 0,4,8,2, 0,4,9,2, 0,5,0,2, 0,5,1,2, 0,5,2,2, 0,5,3,2,
+ 0,5,4,2, 0,5,5,2, 0,5,6,2, 0,5,7,2, 0,5,8,2, 0,5,9,2, 0,6,0,2, 0,6,1,2, 0,6,2,2,
+ 0,6,3,2, 0,6,4,2, 0,6,5,2, 0,6,6,2, 0,6,7,2, 0,6,8,2, 0,6,9,2, 0,7,0,2, 0,7,1,2,
+ 0,7,2,2, 0,7,3,2, 0,7,4,2, 0,7,5,2, 0,7,6,2, 0,7,7,2, 0,7,8,2, 0,7,9,2, 0,8,0,2,
+ 0,8,1,2, 0,8,2,2, 0,8,3,2, 0,8,4,2, 0,8,5,2, 0,8,6,2, 0,8,7,2, 0,8,8,2, 0,8,9,2,
+ 0,9,0,2, 0,9,1,2, 0,9,2,2, 0,9,3,2, 0,9,4,2, 0,9,5,2, 0,9,6,2, 0,9,7,2, 0,9,8,2,
+ 0,9,9,2, 1,0,0,3, 1,0,1,3, 1,0,2,3, 1,0,3,3, 1,0,4,3, 1,0,5,3, 1,0,6,3, 1,0,7,3,
+ 1,0,8,3, 1,0,9,3, 1,1,0,3, 1,1,1,3, 1,1,2,3, 1,1,3,3, 1,1,4,3, 1,1,5,3, 1,1,6,3,
+ 1,1,7,3, 1,1,8,3, 1,1,9,3, 1,2,0,3, 1,2,1,3, 1,2,2,3, 1,2,3,3, 1,2,4,3, 1,2,5,3,
+ 1,2,6,3, 1,2,7,3, 1,2,8,3, 1,2,9,3, 1,3,0,3, 1,3,1,3, 1,3,2,3, 1,3,3,3, 1,3,4,3,
+ 1,3,5,3, 1,3,6,3, 1,3,7,3, 1,3,8,3, 1,3,9,3, 1,4,0,3, 1,4,1,3, 1,4,2,3, 1,4,3,3,
+ 1,4,4,3, 1,4,5,3, 1,4,6,3, 1,4,7,3, 1,4,8,3, 1,4,9,3, 1,5,0,3, 1,5,1,3, 1,5,2,3,
+ 1,5,3,3, 1,5,4,3, 1,5,5,3, 1,5,6,3, 1,5,7,3, 1,5,8,3, 1,5,9,3, 1,6,0,3, 1,6,1,3,
+ 1,6,2,3, 1,6,3,3, 1,6,4,3, 1,6,5,3, 1,6,6,3, 1,6,7,3, 1,6,8,3, 1,6,9,3, 1,7,0,3,
+ 1,7,1,3, 1,7,2,3, 1,7,3,3, 1,7,4,3, 1,7,5,3, 1,7,6,3, 1,7,7,3, 1,7,8,3, 1,7,9,3,
+ 1,8,0,3, 1,8,1,3, 1,8,2,3, 1,8,3,3, 1,8,4,3, 1,8,5,3, 1,8,6,3, 1,8,7,3, 1,8,8,3,
+ 1,8,9,3, 1,9,0,3, 1,9,1,3, 1,9,2,3, 1,9,3,3, 1,9,4,3, 1,9,5,3, 1,9,6,3, 1,9,7,3,
+ 1,9,8,3, 1,9,9,3, 2,0,0,3, 2,0,1,3, 2,0,2,3, 2,0,3,3, 2,0,4,3, 2,0,5,3, 2,0,6,3,
+ 2,0,7,3, 2,0,8,3, 2,0,9,3, 2,1,0,3, 2,1,1,3, 2,1,2,3, 2,1,3,3, 2,1,4,3, 2,1,5,3,
+ 2,1,6,3, 2,1,7,3, 2,1,8,3, 2,1,9,3, 2,2,0,3, 2,2,1,3, 2,2,2,3, 2,2,3,3, 2,2,4,3,
+ 2,2,5,3, 2,2,6,3, 2,2,7,3, 2,2,8,3, 2,2,9,3, 2,3,0,3, 2,3,1,3, 2,3,2,3, 2,3,3,3,
+ 2,3,4,3, 2,3,5,3, 2,3,6,3, 2,3,7,3, 2,3,8,3, 2,3,9,3, 2,4,0,3, 2,4,1,3, 2,4,2,3,
+ 2,4,3,3, 2,4,4,3, 2,4,5,3, 2,4,6,3, 2,4,7,3, 2,4,8,3, 2,4,9,3, 2,5,0,3, 2,5,1,3,
+ 2,5,2,3, 2,5,3,3, 2,5,4,3, 2,5,5,3, 2,5,6,3, 2,5,7,3, 2,5,8,3, 2,5,9,3, 2,6,0,3,
+ 2,6,1,3, 2,6,2,3, 2,6,3,3, 2,6,4,3, 2,6,5,3, 2,6,6,3, 2,6,7,3, 2,6,8,3, 2,6,9,3,
+ 2,7,0,3, 2,7,1,3, 2,7,2,3, 2,7,3,3, 2,7,4,3, 2,7,5,3, 2,7,6,3, 2,7,7,3, 2,7,8,3,
+ 2,7,9,3, 2,8,0,3, 2,8,1,3, 2,8,2,3, 2,8,3,3, 2,8,4,3, 2,8,5,3, 2,8,6,3, 2,8,7,3,
+ 2,8,8,3, 2,8,9,3, 2,9,0,3, 2,9,1,3, 2,9,2,3, 2,9,3,3, 2,9,4,3, 2,9,5,3, 2,9,6,3,
+ 2,9,7,3, 2,9,8,3, 2,9,9,3, 3,0,0,3, 3,0,1,3, 3,0,2,3, 3,0,3,3, 3,0,4,3, 3,0,5,3,
+ 3,0,6,3, 3,0,7,3, 3,0,8,3, 3,0,9,3, 3,1,0,3, 3,1,1,3, 3,1,2,3, 3,1,3,3, 3,1,4,3,
+ 3,1,5,3, 3,1,6,3, 3,1,7,3, 3,1,8,3, 3,1,9,3, 3,2,0,3, 3,2,1,3, 3,2,2,3, 3,2,3,3,
+ 3,2,4,3, 3,2,5,3, 3,2,6,3, 3,2,7,3, 3,2,8,3, 3,2,9,3, 3,3,0,3, 3,3,1,3, 3,3,2,3,
+ 3,3,3,3, 3,3,4,3, 3,3,5,3, 3,3,6,3, 3,3,7,3, 3,3,8,3, 3,3,9,3, 3,4,0,3, 3,4,1,3,
+ 3,4,2,3, 3,4,3,3, 3,4,4,3, 3,4,5,3, 3,4,6,3, 3,4,7,3, 3,4,8,3, 3,4,9,3, 3,5,0,3,
+ 3,5,1,3, 3,5,2,3, 3,5,3,3, 3,5,4,3, 3,5,5,3, 3,5,6,3, 3,5,7,3, 3,5,8,3, 3,5,9,3,
+ 3,6,0,3, 3,6,1,3, 3,6,2,3, 3,6,3,3, 3,6,4,3, 3,6,5,3, 3,6,6,3, 3,6,7,3, 3,6,8,3,
+ 3,6,9,3, 3,7,0,3, 3,7,1,3, 3,7,2,3, 3,7,3,3, 3,7,4,3, 3,7,5,3, 3,7,6,3, 3,7,7,3,
+ 3,7,8,3, 3,7,9,3, 3,8,0,3, 3,8,1,3, 3,8,2,3, 3,8,3,3, 3,8,4,3, 3,8,5,3, 3,8,6,3,
+ 3,8,7,3, 3,8,8,3, 3,8,9,3, 3,9,0,3, 3,9,1,3, 3,9,2,3, 3,9,3,3, 3,9,4,3, 3,9,5,3,
+ 3,9,6,3, 3,9,7,3, 3,9,8,3, 3,9,9,3, 4,0,0,3, 4,0,1,3, 4,0,2,3, 4,0,3,3, 4,0,4,3,
+ 4,0,5,3, 4,0,6,3, 4,0,7,3, 4,0,8,3, 4,0,9,3, 4,1,0,3, 4,1,1,3, 4,1,2,3, 4,1,3,3,
+ 4,1,4,3, 4,1,5,3, 4,1,6,3, 4,1,7,3, 4,1,8,3, 4,1,9,3, 4,2,0,3, 4,2,1,3, 4,2,2,3,
+ 4,2,3,3, 4,2,4,3, 4,2,5,3, 4,2,6,3, 4,2,7,3, 4,2,8,3, 4,2,9,3, 4,3,0,3, 4,3,1,3,
+ 4,3,2,3, 4,3,3,3, 4,3,4,3, 4,3,5,3, 4,3,6,3, 4,3,7,3, 4,3,8,3, 4,3,9,3, 4,4,0,3,
+ 4,4,1,3, 4,4,2,3, 4,4,3,3, 4,4,4,3, 4,4,5,3, 4,4,6,3, 4,4,7,3, 4,4,8,3, 4,4,9,3,
+ 4,5,0,3, 4,5,1,3, 4,5,2,3, 4,5,3,3, 4,5,4,3, 4,5,5,3, 4,5,6,3, 4,5,7,3, 4,5,8,3,
+ 4,5,9,3, 4,6,0,3, 4,6,1,3, 4,6,2,3, 4,6,3,3, 4,6,4,3, 4,6,5,3, 4,6,6,3, 4,6,7,3,
+ 4,6,8,3, 4,6,9,3, 4,7,0,3, 4,7,1,3, 4,7,2,3, 4,7,3,3, 4,7,4,3, 4,7,5,3, 4,7,6,3,
+ 4,7,7,3, 4,7,8,3, 4,7,9,3, 4,8,0,3, 4,8,1,3, 4,8,2,3, 4,8,3,3, 4,8,4,3, 4,8,5,3,
+ 4,8,6,3, 4,8,7,3, 4,8,8,3, 4,8,9,3, 4,9,0,3, 4,9,1,3, 4,9,2,3, 4,9,3,3, 4,9,4,3,
+ 4,9,5,3, 4,9,6,3, 4,9,7,3, 4,9,8,3, 4,9,9,3, 5,0,0,3, 5,0,1,3, 5,0,2,3, 5,0,3,3,
+ 5,0,4,3, 5,0,5,3, 5,0,6,3, 5,0,7,3, 5,0,8,3, 5,0,9,3, 5,1,0,3, 5,1,1,3, 5,1,2,3,
+ 5,1,3,3, 5,1,4,3, 5,1,5,3, 5,1,6,3, 5,1,7,3, 5,1,8,3, 5,1,9,3, 5,2,0,3, 5,2,1,3,
+ 5,2,2,3, 5,2,3,3, 5,2,4,3, 5,2,5,3, 5,2,6,3, 5,2,7,3, 5,2,8,3, 5,2,9,3, 5,3,0,3,
+ 5,3,1,3, 5,3,2,3, 5,3,3,3, 5,3,4,3, 5,3,5,3, 5,3,6,3, 5,3,7,3, 5,3,8,3, 5,3,9,3,
+ 5,4,0,3, 5,4,1,3, 5,4,2,3, 5,4,3,3, 5,4,4,3, 5,4,5,3, 5,4,6,3, 5,4,7,3, 5,4,8,3,
+ 5,4,9,3, 5,5,0,3, 5,5,1,3, 5,5,2,3, 5,5,3,3, 5,5,4,3, 5,5,5,3, 5,5,6,3, 5,5,7,3,
+ 5,5,8,3, 5,5,9,3, 5,6,0,3, 5,6,1,3, 5,6,2,3, 5,6,3,3, 5,6,4,3, 5,6,5,3, 5,6,6,3,
+ 5,6,7,3, 5,6,8,3, 5,6,9,3, 5,7,0,3, 5,7,1,3, 5,7,2,3, 5,7,3,3, 5,7,4,3, 5,7,5,3,
+ 5,7,6,3, 5,7,7,3, 5,7,8,3, 5,7,9,3, 5,8,0,3, 5,8,1,3, 5,8,2,3, 5,8,3,3, 5,8,4,3,
+ 5,8,5,3, 5,8,6,3, 5,8,7,3, 5,8,8,3, 5,8,9,3, 5,9,0,3, 5,9,1,3, 5,9,2,3, 5,9,3,3,
+ 5,9,4,3, 5,9,5,3, 5,9,6,3, 5,9,7,3, 5,9,8,3, 5,9,9,3, 6,0,0,3, 6,0,1,3, 6,0,2,3,
+ 6,0,3,3, 6,0,4,3, 6,0,5,3, 6,0,6,3, 6,0,7,3, 6,0,8,3, 6,0,9,3, 6,1,0,3, 6,1,1,3,
+ 6,1,2,3, 6,1,3,3, 6,1,4,3, 6,1,5,3, 6,1,6,3, 6,1,7,3, 6,1,8,3, 6,1,9,3, 6,2,0,3,
+ 6,2,1,3, 6,2,2,3, 6,2,3,3, 6,2,4,3, 6,2,5,3, 6,2,6,3, 6,2,7,3, 6,2,8,3, 6,2,9,3,
+ 6,3,0,3, 6,3,1,3, 6,3,2,3, 6,3,3,3, 6,3,4,3, 6,3,5,3, 6,3,6,3, 6,3,7,3, 6,3,8,3,
+ 6,3,9,3, 6,4,0,3, 6,4,1,3, 6,4,2,3, 6,4,3,3, 6,4,4,3, 6,4,5,3, 6,4,6,3, 6,4,7,3,
+ 6,4,8,3, 6,4,9,3, 6,5,0,3, 6,5,1,3, 6,5,2,3, 6,5,3,3, 6,5,4,3, 6,5,5,3, 6,5,6,3,
+ 6,5,7,3, 6,5,8,3, 6,5,9,3, 6,6,0,3, 6,6,1,3, 6,6,2,3, 6,6,3,3, 6,6,4,3, 6,6,5,3,
+ 6,6,6,3, 6,6,7,3, 6,6,8,3, 6,6,9,3, 6,7,0,3, 6,7,1,3, 6,7,2,3, 6,7,3,3, 6,7,4,3,
+ 6,7,5,3, 6,7,6,3, 6,7,7,3, 6,7,8,3, 6,7,9,3, 6,8,0,3, 6,8,1,3, 6,8,2,3, 6,8,3,3,
+ 6,8,4,3, 6,8,5,3, 6,8,6,3, 6,8,7,3, 6,8,8,3, 6,8,9,3, 6,9,0,3, 6,9,1,3, 6,9,2,3,
+ 6,9,3,3, 6,9,4,3, 6,9,5,3, 6,9,6,3, 6,9,7,3, 6,9,8,3, 6,9,9,3, 7,0,0,3, 7,0,1,3,
+ 7,0,2,3, 7,0,3,3, 7,0,4,3, 7,0,5,3, 7,0,6,3, 7,0,7,3, 7,0,8,3, 7,0,9,3, 7,1,0,3,
+ 7,1,1,3, 7,1,2,3, 7,1,3,3, 7,1,4,3, 7,1,5,3, 7,1,6,3, 7,1,7,3, 7,1,8,3, 7,1,9,3,
+ 7,2,0,3, 7,2,1,3, 7,2,2,3, 7,2,3,3, 7,2,4,3, 7,2,5,3, 7,2,6,3, 7,2,7,3, 7,2,8,3,
+ 7,2,9,3, 7,3,0,3, 7,3,1,3, 7,3,2,3, 7,3,3,3, 7,3,4,3, 7,3,5,3, 7,3,6,3, 7,3,7,3,
+ 7,3,8,3, 7,3,9,3, 7,4,0,3, 7,4,1,3, 7,4,2,3, 7,4,3,3, 7,4,4,3, 7,4,5,3, 7,4,6,3,
+ 7,4,7,3, 7,4,8,3, 7,4,9,3, 7,5,0,3, 7,5,1,3, 7,5,2,3, 7,5,3,3, 7,5,4,3, 7,5,5,3,
+ 7,5,6,3, 7,5,7,3, 7,5,8,3, 7,5,9,3, 7,6,0,3, 7,6,1,3, 7,6,2,3, 7,6,3,3, 7,6,4,3,
+ 7,6,5,3, 7,6,6,3, 7,6,7,3, 7,6,8,3, 7,6,9,3, 7,7,0,3, 7,7,1,3, 7,7,2,3, 7,7,3,3,
+ 7,7,4,3, 7,7,5,3, 7,7,6,3, 7,7,7,3, 7,7,8,3, 7,7,9,3, 7,8,0,3, 7,8,1,3, 7,8,2,3,
+ 7,8,3,3, 7,8,4,3, 7,8,5,3, 7,8,6,3, 7,8,7,3, 7,8,8,3, 7,8,9,3, 7,9,0,3, 7,9,1,3,
+ 7,9,2,3, 7,9,3,3, 7,9,4,3, 7,9,5,3, 7,9,6,3, 7,9,7,3, 7,9,8,3, 7,9,9,3, 8,0,0,3,
+ 8,0,1,3, 8,0,2,3, 8,0,3,3, 8,0,4,3, 8,0,5,3, 8,0,6,3, 8,0,7,3, 8,0,8,3, 8,0,9,3,
+ 8,1,0,3, 8,1,1,3, 8,1,2,3, 8,1,3,3, 8,1,4,3, 8,1,5,3, 8,1,6,3, 8,1,7,3, 8,1,8,3,
+ 8,1,9,3, 8,2,0,3, 8,2,1,3, 8,2,2,3, 8,2,3,3, 8,2,4,3, 8,2,5,3, 8,2,6,3, 8,2,7,3,
+ 8,2,8,3, 8,2,9,3, 8,3,0,3, 8,3,1,3, 8,3,2,3, 8,3,3,3, 8,3,4,3, 8,3,5,3, 8,3,6,3,
+ 8,3,7,3, 8,3,8,3, 8,3,9,3, 8,4,0,3, 8,4,1,3, 8,4,2,3, 8,4,3,3, 8,4,4,3, 8,4,5,3,
+ 8,4,6,3, 8,4,7,3, 8,4,8,3, 8,4,9,3, 8,5,0,3, 8,5,1,3, 8,5,2,3, 8,5,3,3, 8,5,4,3,
+ 8,5,5,3, 8,5,6,3, 8,5,7,3, 8,5,8,3, 8,5,9,3, 8,6,0,3, 8,6,1,3, 8,6,2,3, 8,6,3,3,
+ 8,6,4,3, 8,6,5,3, 8,6,6,3, 8,6,7,3, 8,6,8,3, 8,6,9,3, 8,7,0,3, 8,7,1,3, 8,7,2,3,
+ 8,7,3,3, 8,7,4,3, 8,7,5,3, 8,7,6,3, 8,7,7,3, 8,7,8,3, 8,7,9,3, 8,8,0,3, 8,8,1,3,
+ 8,8,2,3, 8,8,3,3, 8,8,4,3, 8,8,5,3, 8,8,6,3, 8,8,7,3, 8,8,8,3, 8,8,9,3, 8,9,0,3,
+ 8,9,1,3, 8,9,2,3, 8,9,3,3, 8,9,4,3, 8,9,5,3, 8,9,6,3, 8,9,7,3, 8,9,8,3, 8,9,9,3,
+ 9,0,0,3, 9,0,1,3, 9,0,2,3, 9,0,3,3, 9,0,4,3, 9,0,5,3, 9,0,6,3, 9,0,7,3, 9,0,8,3,
+ 9,0,9,3, 9,1,0,3, 9,1,1,3, 9,1,2,3, 9,1,3,3, 9,1,4,3, 9,1,5,3, 9,1,6,3, 9,1,7,3,
+ 9,1,8,3, 9,1,9,3, 9,2,0,3, 9,2,1,3, 9,2,2,3, 9,2,3,3, 9,2,4,3, 9,2,5,3, 9,2,6,3,
+ 9,2,7,3, 9,2,8,3, 9,2,9,3, 9,3,0,3, 9,3,1,3, 9,3,2,3, 9,3,3,3, 9,3,4,3, 9,3,5,3,
+ 9,3,6,3, 9,3,7,3, 9,3,8,3, 9,3,9,3, 9,4,0,3, 9,4,1,3, 9,4,2,3, 9,4,3,3, 9,4,4,3,
+ 9,4,5,3, 9,4,6,3, 9,4,7,3, 9,4,8,3, 9,4,9,3, 9,5,0,3, 9,5,1,3, 9,5,2,3, 9,5,3,3,
+ 9,5,4,3, 9,5,5,3, 9,5,6,3, 9,5,7,3, 9,5,8,3, 9,5,9,3, 9,6,0,3, 9,6,1,3, 9,6,2,3,
+ 9,6,3,3, 9,6,4,3, 9,6,5,3, 9,6,6,3, 9,6,7,3, 9,6,8,3, 9,6,9,3, 9,7,0,3, 9,7,1,3,
+ 9,7,2,3, 9,7,3,3, 9,7,4,3, 9,7,5,3, 9,7,6,3, 9,7,7,3, 9,7,8,3, 9,7,9,3, 9,8,0,3,
+ 9,8,1,3, 9,8,2,3, 9,8,3,3, 9,8,4,3, 9,8,5,3, 9,8,6,3, 9,8,7,3, 9,8,8,3, 9,8,9,3,
+ 9,9,0,3, 9,9,1,3, 9,9,2,3, 9,9,3,3, 9,9,4,3, 9,9,5,3, 9,9,6,3, 9,9,7,3, 9,9,8,3,
+ 9,9,9,3};
+#endif
+

--- /dev/null
+++ b/libdecnumber/decDouble.c
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/* decDouble module for the decNumber C Library.
+   Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Contributed by IBM Corporation.  Author Mike Cowlishaw.
+
+   This file is part of GCC.
+
+   GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+   the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+   Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
+   version.
+
+   In addition to the permissions in the GNU General Public License,
+   the Free Software Foundation gives you unlimited permission to link
+   the compiled version of this file into combinations with other
+   programs, and to distribute those combinations without any
+   restriction coming from the use of this file.  (The General Public
+   License restrictions do apply in other respects; for example, they
+   cover modification of the file, and distribution when not linked
+   into a combine executable.)
+
+   GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+   WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+   for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with GCC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
+   Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+   02110-1301, USA.  */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decDouble.c -- decDouble operations module			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* This module comprises decDouble operations (including conversions) */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+#include "decContext.h"	      /* public includes */
+#include "decDouble.h"	      /* .. */
+
+/* Constant mappings for shared code */
+#define DECPMAX	    DECDOUBLE_Pmax
+#define DECEMIN	    DECDOUBLE_Emin
+#define DECEMAX	    DECDOUBLE_Emax
+#define DECEMAXD    DECDOUBLE_EmaxD
+#define DECBYTES    DECDOUBLE_Bytes
+#define DECSTRING   DECDOUBLE_String
+#define DECECONL    DECDOUBLE_EconL
+#define DECBIAS	    DECDOUBLE_Bias
+#define DECLETS	    DECDOUBLE_Declets
+#define DECQTINY    (-DECDOUBLE_Bias)
+/* parameters of next-wider format */
+#define DECWBYTES   DECQUAD_Bytes
+#define DECWPMAX    DECQUAD_Pmax
+#define DECWECONL   DECQUAD_EconL
+#define DECWBIAS    DECQUAD_Bias
+
+/* Type and function mappings for shared code */
+#define decFloat	       decDouble	  /* Type name */
+#define decFloatWider	       decQuad		  /* Type name */
+
+/* Utilities and conversions (binary results, extractors, etc.) */
+#define decFloatFromBCD		decDoubleFromBCD
+#define decFloatFromInt32	decDoubleFromInt32
+#define decFloatFromPacked	decDoubleFromPacked
+#define decFloatFromString	decDoubleFromString
+#define decFloatFromUInt32	decDoubleFromUInt32
+#define decFloatFromWider	decDoubleFromWider
+#define decFloatGetCoefficient	decDoubleGetCoefficient
+#define decFloatGetExponent	decDoubleGetExponent
+#define decFloatSetCoefficient	decDoubleSetCoefficient
+#define decFloatSetExponent	decDoubleSetExponent
+#define decFloatShow		decDoubleShow
+#define decFloatToBCD		decDoubleToBCD
+#define decFloatToEngString	decDoubleToEngString
+#define decFloatToInt32		decDoubleToInt32
+#define decFloatToInt32Exact	decDoubleToInt32Exact
+#define decFloatToPacked	decDoubleToPacked
+#define decFloatToString	decDoubleToString
+#define decFloatToUInt32	decDoubleToUInt32
+#define decFloatToUInt32Exact	decDoubleToUInt32Exact
+#define decFloatToWider		decDoubleToWider
+#define decFloatZero		decDoubleZero
+
+/* Computational (result is a decFloat) */
+#define decFloatAbs		decDoubleAbs
+#define decFloatAdd		decDoubleAdd
+#define decFloatAnd		decDoubleAnd
+#define decFloatDivide		decDoubleDivide
+#define decFloatDivideInteger	decDoubleDivideInteger
+#define decFloatFMA		decDoubleFMA
+#define decFloatInvert		decDoubleInvert
+#define decFloatLogB		decDoubleLogB
+#define decFloatMax		decDoubleMax
+#define decFloatMaxMag		decDoubleMaxMag
+#define decFloatMin		decDoubleMin
+#define decFloatMinMag		decDoubleMinMag
+#define decFloatMinus		decDoubleMinus
+#define decFloatMultiply	decDoubleMultiply
+#define decFloatNextMinus	decDoubleNextMinus
+#define decFloatNextPlus	decDoubleNextPlus
+#define decFloatNextToward	decDoubleNextToward
+#define decFloatOr		decDoubleOr
+#define decFloatPlus		decDoublePlus
+#define decFloatQuantize	decDoubleQuantize
+#define decFloatReduce		decDoubleReduce
+#define decFloatRemainder	decDoubleRemainder
+#define decFloatRemainderNear	decDoubleRemainderNear
+#define decFloatRotate		decDoubleRotate
+#define decFloatScaleB		decDoubleScaleB
+#define decFloatShift		decDoubleShift
+#define decFloatSubtract	decDoubleSubtract
+#define decFloatToIntegralValue decDoubleToIntegralValue
+#define decFloatToIntegralExact decDoubleToIntegralExact
+#define decFloatXor		decDoubleXor
+
+/* Comparisons */
+#define decFloatCompare		decDoubleCompare
+#define decFloatCompareSignal	decDoubleCompareSignal
+#define decFloatCompareTotal	decDoubleCompareTotal
+#define decFloatCompareTotalMag decDoubleCompareTotalMag
+
+/* Copies */
+#define decFloatCanonical	decDoubleCanonical
+#define decFloatCopy		decDoubleCopy
+#define decFloatCopyAbs		decDoubleCopyAbs
+#define decFloatCopyNegate	decDoubleCopyNegate
+#define decFloatCopySign	decDoubleCopySign
+
+/* Non-computational */
+#define decFloatClass		decDoubleClass
+#define decFloatClassString	decDoubleClassString
+#define decFloatDigits		decDoubleDigits
+#define decFloatIsCanonical	decDoubleIsCanonical
+#define decFloatIsFinite	decDoubleIsFinite
+#define decFloatIsInfinite	decDoubleIsInfinite
+#define decFloatIsInteger	decDoubleIsInteger
+#define decFloatIsNaN		decDoubleIsNaN
+#define decFloatIsNormal	decDoubleIsNormal
+#define decFloatIsSignaling	decDoubleIsSignaling
+#define decFloatIsSignalling	decDoubleIsSignalling
+#define decFloatIsSigned	decDoubleIsSigned
+#define decFloatIsSubnormal	decDoubleIsSubnormal
+#define decFloatIsZero		decDoubleIsZero
+#define decFloatRadix		decDoubleRadix
+#define decFloatSameQuantum	decDoubleSameQuantum
+#define decFloatVersion		decDoubleVersion
+
+
+#include "decNumberLocal.h"   /* local includes (need DECPMAX) */
+#include "decCommon.c"	      /* non-arithmetic decFloat routines */
+#include "decBasic.c"	      /* basic formats routines */
+
+/* Below here will move to shared file as completed */
+

--- /dev/null
+++ b/libdecnumber/decDouble.h
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+/* decDouble module header for the decNumber C Library.
+   Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Contributed by IBM Corporation.  Author Mike Cowlishaw.
+
+   This file is part of GCC.
+
+   GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+   the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+   Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
+   version.
+
+   In addition to the permissions in the GNU General Public License,
+   the Free Software Foundation gives you unlimited permission to link
+   the compiled version of this file into combinations with other
+   programs, and to distribute those combinations without any
+   restriction coming from the use of this file.  (The General Public
+   License restrictions do apply in other respects; for example, they
+   cover modification of the file, and distribution when not linked
+   into a combine executable.)
+
+   GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+   WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+   for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with GCC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
+   Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+   02110-1301, USA.  */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decDouble.h -- Decimal 64-bit format module header		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Please see decFloats.h for an overview and documentation details.  */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+#if !defined(DECDOUBLE)
+  #define DECDOUBLE
+
+  #define DECDOUBLENAME	      "decimalDouble"	      /* Short name   */
+  #define DECDOUBLETITLE      "Decimal 64-bit datum"  /* Verbose name */
+  #define DECDOUBLEAUTHOR     "Mike Cowlishaw"	      /* Who to blame */
+
+  /* parameters for decDoubles */
+  #define DECDOUBLE_Bytes   8	   /* length			      */
+  #define DECDOUBLE_Pmax    16	   /* maximum precision (digits)      */
+  #define DECDOUBLE_Emin   -383	   /* minimum adjusted exponent	      */
+  #define DECDOUBLE_Emax    384	   /* maximum adjusted exponent	      */
+  #define DECDOUBLE_EmaxD   3	   /* maximum exponent digits	      */
+  #define DECDOUBLE_Bias    398	   /* bias for the exponent	      */
+  #define DECDOUBLE_String  25	   /* maximum string length, +1	      */
+  #define DECDOUBLE_EconL   8	   /* exponent continuation length    */
+  #define DECDOUBLE_Declets 5	   /* count of declets		      */
+  /* highest biased exponent (Elimit-1) */
+  #define DECDOUBLE_Ehigh (DECDOUBLE_Emax + DECDOUBLE_Bias - (DECDOUBLE_Pmax-1))
+
+  /* Required includes						      */
+  #include "decContext.h"
+  #include "decQuad.h"
+
+  /* The decDouble decimal 64-bit type, accessible by bytes */
+  typedef struct {
+    uint8_t bytes[DECDOUBLE_Bytes]; /* fields: 1, 5, 8, 50 bits	  */
+    } decDouble;
+
+  /* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+  /* Routines -- implemented as decFloat routines in common files     */
+  /* ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+  #include "decDoubleSymbols.h"
+
+  /* Utilities and conversions, extractors, etc.) */
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleFromBCD(decDouble *, int32_t, const uint8_t *, int32_t);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleFromInt32(decDouble *, int32_t);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleFromPacked(decDouble *, int32_t, const uint8_t *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleFromString(decDouble *, const char *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleFromUInt32(decDouble *, uint32_t);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleFromWider(decDouble *, const decQuad *, decContext *);
+  extern int32_t     decDoubleGetCoefficient(const decDouble *, uint8_t *);
+  extern int32_t     decDoubleGetExponent(const decDouble *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleSetCoefficient(decDouble *, const uint8_t *, int32_t);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleSetExponent(decDouble *, decContext *, int32_t);
+  extern void	     decDoubleShow(const decDouble *, const char *);
+  extern int32_t     decDoubleToBCD(const decDouble *, int32_t *, uint8_t *);
+  extern char	   * decDoubleToEngString(const decDouble *, char *);
+  extern int32_t     decDoubleToInt32(const decDouble *, decContext *, enum rounding);
+  extern int32_t     decDoubleToInt32Exact(const decDouble *, decContext *, enum rounding);
+  extern int32_t     decDoubleToPacked(const decDouble *, int32_t *, uint8_t *);
+  extern char	   * decDoubleToString(const decDouble *, char *);
+  extern uint32_t    decDoubleToUInt32(const decDouble *, decContext *, enum rounding);
+  extern uint32_t    decDoubleToUInt32Exact(const decDouble *, decContext *, enum rounding);
+  extern decQuad   * decDoubleToWider(const decDouble *, decQuad *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleZero(decDouble *);
+
+  /* Computational (result is a decDouble) */
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleAbs(decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleAdd(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleAnd(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleDivide(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleDivideInteger(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleFMA(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleInvert(decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleLogB(decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleMax(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleMaxMag(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleMin(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleMinMag(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleMinus(decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleMultiply(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleNextMinus(decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleNextPlus(decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleNextToward(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleOr(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoublePlus(decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleQuantize(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleReduce(decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleRemainder(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleRemainderNear(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleRotate(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleScaleB(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleShift(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleSubtract(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleToIntegralValue(decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *, enum rounding);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleToIntegralExact(decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleXor(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+
+  /* Comparisons */
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleCompare(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleCompareSignal(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *, decContext *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleCompareTotal(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleCompareTotalMag(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *);
+
+  /* Copies */
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleCanonical(decDouble *, const decDouble *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleCopy(decDouble *, const decDouble *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleCopyAbs(decDouble *, const decDouble *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleCopyNegate(decDouble *, const decDouble *);
+  extern decDouble * decDoubleCopySign(decDouble *, const decDouble *, const decDouble *);
+
+  /* Non-computational */
+  extern enum decClass decDoubleClass(const decDouble *);
+  extern const char *  decDoubleClassString(const decDouble *);
+  extern uint32_t      decDoubleDigits(const decDouble *);
+  extern uint32_t      decDoubleIsCanonical(const decDouble *);
+  extern uint32_t      decDoubleIsFinite(const decDouble *);
+  extern uint32_t      decDoubleIsInfinite(const decDouble *);
+  extern uint32_t      decDoubleIsInteger(const decDouble *);
+  extern uint32_t      decDoubleIsNaN(const decDouble *);
+  extern uint32_t      decDoubleIsNormal(const decDouble *);
+  extern uint32_t      decDoubleIsSignaling(const decDouble *);
+  extern uint32_t      decDoubleIsSignalling(const decDouble *);
+  extern uint32_t      decDoubleIsSigned(const decDouble *);
+  extern uint32_t      decDoubleIsSubnormal(const decDouble *);
+  extern uint32_t      decDoubleIsZero(const decDouble *);
+  extern uint32_t      decDoubleRadix(const decDouble *);
+  extern uint32_t      decDoubleSameQuantum(const decDouble *, const decDouble *);
+  extern const char *  decDoubleVersion(void);
+
+  /* decNumber conversions; these are implemented as macros so as not  */
+  /* to force a dependency on decimal64 and decNumber in decDouble.    */
+  #define decDoubleToNumber(dq, dn) decimal64ToNumber((decimal64 *)(dq), dn)
+  #define decDoubleFromNumber(dq, dn, set) (decDouble *)decimal64FromNumber((decimal64 *)(dq), dn, set)
+
+#endif

--- /dev/null
+++ b/libdecnumber/decDoubleSymbols.h
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#if !defined(DECDOUBLESYMBOLS)
+#define DECDOUBLESYMBOLS
+
+#ifdef IN_LIBGCC2
+#define decDoubleAbs __decDoubleAbs
+#define decDoubleAdd __decDoubleAdd
+#define decDoubleAnd __decDoubleAnd
+#define decDoubleCanonical __decDoubleCanonical
+#define decDoubleClass __decDoubleClass
+#define decDoubleClassString __decDoubleClassString
+#define decDoubleCompare __decDoubleCompare
+#define decDoubleCompareSignal __decDoubleCompareSignal
+#define decDoubleCompareTotal __decDoubleCompareTotal
+#define decDoubleCompareTotalMag __decDoubleCompareTotalMag
+#define decDoubleCopy __decDoubleCopy
+#define decDoubleCopyAbs __decDoubleCopyAbs
+#define decDoubleCopyNegate __decDoubleCopyNegate
+#define decDoubleCopySign __decDoubleCopySign
+#define decDoubleDigits __decDoubleDigits
+#define decDoubleDivide __decDoubleDivide
+#define decDoubleDivideInteger __decDoubleDivideInteger
+#define decDoubleFMA __decDoubleFMA
+#define decDoubleFromBCD __decDoubleFromBCD
+#define decDoubleFromInt32 __decDoubleFromInt32
+#define decDoubleFromPacked __decDoubleFromPacked
+#define decDoubleFromString __decDoubleFromString
+#define decDoubleFromUInt32 __decDoubleFromUInt32
+#define decDoubleFromWider __decDoubleFromWider
+#define decDoubleGetCoefficient __decDoubleGetCoefficient
+#define decDoubleGetExponent __decDoubleGetExponent
+#define decDoubleInvert __decDoubleInvert
+#define decDoubleIsCanonical __decDoubleIsCanonical
+#define decDoubleIsFinite __decDoubleIsFinite
+#define decDoubleIsInfinite __decDoubleIsInfinite
+#define decDoubleIsInteger __decDoubleIsInteger
+#define decDoubleIsNaN __decDoubleIsNaN
+#define decDoubleIsNormal __decDoubleIsNormal
+#define decDoubleIsSignaling __decDoubleIsSignaling
+#define decDoubleIsSignalling __decDoubleIsSignalling
+#define decDoubleIsSigned __decDoubleIsSigned
+#define decDoubleIsSubnormal __decDoubleIsSubnormal
+#define decDoubleIsZero __decDoubleIsZero
+#define decDoubleLogB __decDoubleLogB
+#define decDoubleMax __decDoubleMax
+#define decDoubleMaxMag __decDoubleMaxMag
+#define decDoubleMin __decDoubleMin
+#define decDoubleMinMag __decDoubleMinMag
+#define decDoubleMinus __decDoubleMinus
+#define decDoubleMultiply __decDoubleMultiply
+#define decDoubleNextMinus __decDoubleNextMinus
+#define decDoubleNextPlus __decDoubleNextPlus
+#define decDoubleNextToward __decDoubleNextToward
+#define decDoubleOr __decDoubleOr
+#define decDoublePlus __decDoublePlus
+#define decDoubleQuantize __decDoubleQuantize
+#define decDoubleRadix __decDoubleRadix
+#define decDoubleReduce __decDoubleReduce
+#define decDoubleRemainder __decDoubleRemainder
+#define decDoubleRemainderNear __decDoubleRemainderNear
+#define decDoubleRotate __decDoubleRotate
+#define decDoubleSameQuantum __decDoubleSameQuantum
+#define decDoubleScaleB __decDoubleScaleB
+#define decDoubleSetCoefficient __decDoubleSetCoefficient
+#define decDoubleSetExponent __decDoubleSetExponent
+#define decDoubleShift __decDoubleShift
+#define decDoubleShow __decDoubleShow
+#define decDoubleSubtract __decDoubleSubtract
+#define decDoubleToBCD __decDoubleToBCD
+#define decDoubleToEngString __decDoubleToEngString
+#define decDoubleToInt32 __decDoubleToInt32
+#define decDoubleToInt32Exact __decDoubleToInt32Exact
+#define decDoubleToIntegralExact __decDoubleToIntegralExact
+#define decDoubleToIntegralValue __decDoubleToIntegralValue
+#define decDoubleToPacked __decDoubleToPacked
+#define decDoubleToString __decDoubleToString
+#define decDoubleToUInt32 __decDoubleToUInt32
+#define decDoubleToUInt32Exact __decDoubleToUInt32Exact
+#define decDoubleToWider __decDoubleToWider
+#define decDoubleVersion __decDoubleVersion
+#define decDoubleXor __decDoubleXor
+#define decDoubleZero __decDoubleZero
+#endif
+
+#endif

--- a/libdecnumber/decLibrary.c
+++ b/libdecnumber/decLibrary.c
@@ -74,22 +74,3 @@ isinfd128 (_Decimal128 arg)
   decimal128ToNumber (&d128, &dn);
   return (decNumberIsInfinite (&dn));
 }
-
-uint32_t
-__dec_byte_swap (uint32_t in)
-{
-  uint32_t out = 0;
-  unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *) &out;
-  union {
-    uint32_t i;
-    unsigned char b[4];
-  } u;
-
-  u.i = in;
-  p[0] = u.b[3];
-  p[1] = u.b[2];
-  p[2] = u.b[1];
-  p[3] = u.b[0];
-
-  return out;
-}

--- a/libdecnumber/decNumber.c
+++ b/libdecnumber/decNumber.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/* Decimal Number module for the decNumber C Library
-   Copyright (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Decimal number arithmetic module for the decNumber C Library.
+   Copyright (C) 2005, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    Contributed by IBM Corporation.  Author Mike Cowlishaw.
 
    This file is part of GCC.
@@ -29,236 +29,257 @@
    02110-1301, USA.  */
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* This module comprises the routines for Standard Decimal Arithmetic */
-/* as defined in the specification which may be found on the          */
+/* Decimal Number arithmetic module				      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* This module comprises the routines for General Decimal Arithmetic  */
+/* as defined in the specification which may be found on the	      */
 /* http://www2.hursley.ibm.com/decimal web pages.  It implements both */
-/* the full ('extended') arithmetic and the simpler ('subset')        */
-/* arithmetic.                                                        */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* Usage notes:                                                       */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* 1. This code is ANSI C89 except:                                   */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*    a) Line comments (double forward slash) are used.  (Most C      */
-/*       compilers accept these.  If yours does not, a simple script  */
-/*       can be used to convert them to ANSI C comments.)             */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*    b) Types from C99 stdint.h are used.  If you do not have this   */
-/*       header file, see the User's Guide section of the decNumber   */
-/*       documentation; this lists the necessary definitions.         */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*    c) If DECDPUN>4, non-ANSI 64-bit 'long long' types are used.    */
-/*       To avoid these, set DECDPUN <= 4 (see documentation).        */
-/*                                                                    */
+/* the full ('extended') arithmetic and the simpler ('subset')	      */
+/* arithmetic.							      */
+/*								      */
+/* Usage notes:							      */
+/*								      */
+/* 1. This code is ANSI C89 except:				      */
+/*								      */
+/*       If DECDPUN>4 or DECUSE64=1, the C99 64-bit int64_t and	      */
+/*	 uint64_t types may be used.  To avoid these, set DECUSE64=0  */
+/*	 and DECDPUN<=4 (see documentation).			      */
+/*								      */
 /* 2. The decNumber format which this library uses is optimized for   */
 /*    efficient processing of relatively short numbers; in particular */
 /*    it allows the use of fixed sized structures and minimizes copy  */
-/*    and move operations.  It does, however, support arbitrary       */
+/*    and move operations.  It does, however, support arbitrary	      */
 /*    precision (up to 999,999,999 digits) and arbitrary exponent     */
 /*    range (Emax in the range 0 through 999,999,999 and Emin in the  */
-/*    range -999,999,999 through 0).                                  */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* 3. Operands to operator functions are never modified unless they   */
+/*    range -999,999,999 through 0).  Mathematical functions (for     */
+/*    example decNumberExp) as identified below are restricted more   */
+/*    tightly: digits, emax, and -emin in the context must be <=      */
+/*    DEC_MAX_MATH (999999), and their operand(s) must be within      */
+/*    these bounds.						      */
+/*								      */
+/* 3. Logical functions are further restricted; their operands must   */
+/*    be finite, positive, have an exponent of zero, and all digits   */
+/*    must be either 0 or 1.  The result will only contain digits     */
+/*    which are 0 or 1 (and will have exponent=0 and a sign of 0).    */
+/*								      */
+/* 4. Operands to operator functions are never modified unless they   */
 /*    are also specified to be the result number (which is always     */
-/*    permitted).  Other than that case, operands may not overlap.    */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* 4. Error handling: the type of the error is ORed into the status   */
-/*    flags in the current context (decContext structure).  The       */
+/*    permitted).  Other than that case, operands must not overlap.   */
+/*								      */
+/* 5. Error handling: the type of the error is ORed into the status   */
+/*    flags in the current context (decContext structure).  The	      */
 /*    SIGFPE signal is then raised if the corresponding trap-enabler  */
-/*    flag in the decContext is set (is 1).                           */
-/*                                                                    */
+/*    flag in the decContext is set (is 1).			      */
+/*								      */
 /*    It is the responsibility of the caller to clear the status      */
-/*    flags as required.                                              */
-/*                                                                    */
+/*    flags as required.					      */
+/*								      */
 /*    The result of any routine which returns a number will always    */
 /*    be a valid number (which may be a special value, such as an     */
-/*    Infinity or NaN).                                               */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* 5. The decNumber format is not an exchangeable concrete            */
+/*    Infinity or NaN).						      */
+/*								      */
+/* 6. The decNumber format is not an exchangeable concrete	      */
 /*    representation as it comprises fields which may be machine-     */
-/*    dependent (big-endian or little-endian, for example).           */
+/*    dependent (packed or unpacked, or special length, for example). */
 /*    Canonical conversions to and from strings are provided; other   */
-/*    conversions are available in separate modules.                  */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* 6. Normally, input operands are assumed to be valid.  Set DECCHECK */
+/*    conversions are available in separate modules.		      */
+/*								      */
+/* 7. Normally, input operands are assumed to be valid.	 Set DECCHECK */
 /*    to 1 for extended operand checking (including NULL operands).   */
 /*    Results are undefined if a badly-formed structure (or a NULL    */
-/*    NULL pointer to a structure) is provided, though with DECCHECK  */
+/*    pointer to a structure) is provided, though with DECCHECK	      */
 /*    enabled the operator routines are protected against exceptions. */
 /*    (Except if the result pointer is NULL, which is unrecoverable.) */
-/*                                                                    */
+/*								      */
 /*    However, the routines will never cause exceptions if they are   */
 /*    given well-formed operands, even if the value of the operands   */
 /*    is inappropriate for the operation and DECCHECK is not set.     */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* 7. Subset arithmetic is available only if DECSUBSET is set to 1.   */
+/*    (Except for SIGFPE, as and where documented.)		      */
+/*								      */
+/* 8. Subset arithmetic is available only if DECSUBSET is set to 1.   */
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* Implementation notes for maintenance of this module:               */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* 1. Storage leak protection:  Routines which use malloc are not     */
+/* Implementation notes for maintenance of this module:		      */
+/*								      */
+/* 1. Storage leak protection:	Routines which use malloc are not     */
 /*    permitted to use return for fastpath or error exits (i.e.,      */
-/*    they follow strict structured programming conventions).         */
+/*    they follow strict structured programming conventions).	      */
 /*    Instead they have a do{}while(0); construct surrounding the     */
-/*    code which is protected -- break may be used from this.         */
-/*    Other routines are allowed to use the return statement inline.  */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*    Storage leak accounting can be enabled using DECALLOC.          */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* 2. All loops use the for(;;) construct.  Any do construct is for   */
-/*    protection as just described.                                   */
-/*                                                                    */
+/*    code which is protected -- break may be used to exit this.      */
+/*    Other routines can safely use the return statement inline.      */
+/*								      */
+/*    Storage leak accounting can be enabled using DECALLOC.	      */
+/*								      */
+/* 2. All loops use the for(;;) construct.  Any do construct does     */
+/*    not loop; it is for allocation protection as just described.    */
+/*								      */
 /* 3. Setting status in the context must always be the very last      */
 /*    action in a routine, as non-0 status may raise a trap and hence */
 /*    the call to set status may not return (if the handler uses long */
-/*    jump).  Therefore all cleanup must be done first.  In general,  */
-/*    to achieve this we accumulate status and only finally apply it  */
-/*    by calling decContextSetStatus (via decStatus).                 */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*    Routines which allocate storage cannot, therefore, use the      */
-/*    'top level' routines which could cause a non-returning          */
+/*    jump).  Therefore all cleanup must be done first.	 In general,  */
+/*    to achieve this status is accumulated and is only applied just  */
+/*    before return by calling decContextSetStatus (via decStatus).   */
+/*								      */
+/*    Routines which allocate storage cannot, in general, use the     */
+/*    'top level' routines which could cause a non-returning	      */
 /*    transfer of control.  The decXxxxOp routines are safe (do not   */
 /*    call decStatus even if traps are set in the context) and should */
-/*    be used instead (they are also a little faster).                */
-/*                                                                    */
+/*    be used instead (they are also a little faster).		      */
+/*								      */
 /* 4. Exponent checking is minimized by allowing the exponent to      */
 /*    grow outside its limits during calculations, provided that      */
-/*    the decFinalize function is called later.  Multiplication and   */
+/*    the decFinalize function is called later.	 Multiplication and   */
 /*    division, and intermediate calculations in exponentiation,      */
-/*    require more careful checks because of the risk of 31-bit       */
+/*    require more careful checks because of the risk of 31-bit	      */
 /*    overflow (the most negative valid exponent is -1999999997, for  */
 /*    a 999999999-digit number with adjusted exponent of -999999999). */
-/*                                                                    */
+/*								      */
 /* 5. Rounding is deferred until finalization of results, with any    */
 /*    'off to the right' data being represented as a single digit     */
 /*    residue (in the range -1 through 9).  This avoids any double-   */
-/*    rounding when more than one shortening takes place (for         */
-/*    example, when a result is subnormal).                           */
-/*                                                                    */
+/*    rounding when more than one shortening takes place (for	      */
+/*    example, when a result is subnormal).			      */
+/*								      */
 /* 6. The digits count is allowed to rise to a multiple of DECDPUN    */
 /*    during many operations, so whole Units are handled and exact    */
 /*    accounting of digits is not needed.  The correct digits value   */
 /*    is found by decGetDigits, which accounts for leading zeros.     */
 /*    This must be called before any rounding if the number of digits */
-/*    is not known exactly.                                           */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* 7. We use the multiply-by-reciprocal 'trick' for partitioning      */
+/*    is not known exactly.					      */
+/*								      */
+/* 7. The multiply-by-reciprocal 'trick' is used for partitioning     */
 /*    numbers up to four digits, using appropriate constants.  This   */
 /*    is not useful for longer numbers because overflow of 32 bits    */
 /*    would lead to 4 multiplies, which is almost as expensive as     */
-/*    a divide (unless we assumed floating-point multiply available). */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* 8. Unusual abbreviations possibly used in the commentary:          */
-/*      lhs -- left hand side (operand, of an operation)              */
-/*      lsd -- least significant digit (of coefficient)               */
-/*      lsu -- least significant Unit (of coefficient)                */
-/*      msd -- most significant digit (of coefficient)                */
-/*      msu -- most significant Unit (of coefficient)                 */
-/*      rhs -- right hand side (operand, of an operation)             */
-/*      +ve -- positive                                               */
-/*      -ve -- negative                                               */
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-
-/* Some of glibc's string inlines cause warnings.  Plus we'd rather
-   rely on (and therefore test) GCC's string builtins.  */
-#define __NO_STRING_INLINES
-
-#include <stdlib.h>		/* for malloc, free, etc. */
-#include <stdio.h>		/* for printf [if needed] */
-#include <string.h>		/* for strcpy */
-#include <ctype.h>		/* for lower */
-#include "config.h"
-#include "decNumber.h"		/* base number library */
-#include "decNumberLocal.h"	/* decNumber local types, etc. */
+/*    a divide (unless a floating-point or 64-bit multiply is	      */
+/*    assumed to be available).					      */
+/*								      */
+/* 8. Unusual abbreviations that may be used in the commentary:	      */
+/*	lhs -- left hand side (operand, of an operation)	      */
+/*	lsd -- least significant digit (of coefficient)		      */
+/*	lsu -- least significant Unit (of coefficient)		      */
+/*	msd -- most significant digit (of coefficient)		      */
+/*	msi -- most significant item (in an array)		      */
+/*	msu -- most significant Unit (of coefficient)		      */
+/*	rhs -- right hand side (operand, of an operation)	      */
+/*	+ve -- positive						      */
+/*	-ve -- negative						      */
+/*	**  -- raise to the power				      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>		   /* for malloc, free, etc. */
+#include <stdio.h>		   /* for printf [if needed] */
+#include <string.h>		   /* for strcpy */
+#include <ctype.h>		   /* for lower */
+#include "config.h"		   /* for GCC definitions */
+#include "decNumber.h"		   /* base number library */
+#include "decNumberLocal.h"	   /* decNumber local types, etc. */
 
 /* Constants */
-/* Public constant array: powers of ten (powers[n]==10**n) */
-const uInt powers[] = { 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000,
-  10000000, 100000000, 1000000000
-};
-
-/* Local constants */
-#define DIVIDE    0x80		/* Divide operators */
-#define REMAINDER 0x40		/* .. */
-#define DIVIDEINT 0x20		/* .. */
-#define REMNEAR   0x10		/* .. */
-#define COMPARE   0x01		/* Compare operators */
-#define COMPMAX   0x02		/* .. */
-#define COMPMIN   0x03		/* .. */
-#define COMPNAN   0x04		/* .. [NaN processing] */
+/* Public lookup table used by the D2U macro */
+const uByte d2utable[DECMAXD2U+1]=D2UTABLE;
 
-#define DEC_sNaN 0x40000000	/* local status: sNaN signal */
-#define BADINT (Int)0x80000000	/* most-negative Int; error indicator */
+#define DECVERB	    1		   /* set to 1 for verbose DECCHECK */
+#define powers	    DECPOWERS	   /* old internal name */
 
-static Unit one[] = { 1 };	/* Unit array of 1, used for incrementing */
+/* Local constants */
+#define DIVIDE	    0x80	   /* Divide operators */
+#define REMAINDER   0x40	   /* .. */
+#define DIVIDEINT   0x20	   /* .. */
+#define REMNEAR	    0x10	   /* .. */
+#define COMPARE	    0x01	   /* Compare operators */
+#define COMPMAX	    0x02	   /* .. */
+#define COMPMIN	    0x03	   /* .. */
+#define COMPTOTAL   0x04	   /* .. */
+#define COMPNAN	    0x05	   /* .. [NaN processing] */
+#define COMPSIG	    0x06	   /* .. [signaling COMPARE] */
+#define COMPMAXMAG  0x07	   /* .. */
+#define COMPMINMAG  0x08	   /* .. */
+
+#define DEC_sNaN     0x40000000	   /* local status: sNaN signal */
+#define BADINT	(Int)0x80000000	   /* most-negative Int; error indicator */
+/* Next two indicate an integer >= 10**6, and its parity (bottom bit) */
+#define BIGEVEN (Int)0x80000002
+#define BIGODD	(Int)0x80000003
+
+static Unit uarrone[1]={1};   /* Unit array of 1, used for incrementing */
 
 /* Granularity-dependent code */
 #if DECDPUN<=4
-#define eInt  Int		/* extended integer */
-#define ueInt uInt		/* unsigned extended integer */
+  #define eInt	Int	      /* extended integer */
+  #define ueInt uInt	      /* unsigned extended integer */
   /* Constant multipliers for divide-by-power-of five using reciprocal */
   /* multiply, after removing powers of 2 by shifting, and final shift */
   /* of 17 [we only need up to **4] */
-static const uInt multies[] = { 131073, 26215, 5243, 1049, 210 };
-
+  static const uInt multies[]={131073, 26215, 5243, 1049, 210};
   /* QUOT10 -- macro to return the quotient of unit u divided by 10**n */
-#define QUOT10(u, n) ((((uInt)(u)>>(n))*multies[n])>>17)
+  #define QUOT10(u, n) ((((uInt)(u)>>(n))*multies[n])>>17)
 #else
-  /* For DECDPUN>4 we currently use non-ANSI 64-bit types.  These could */
-  /* be replaced by subroutine calls later. */
-#ifdef long
-#undef long
-#endif
-typedef signed long long Long;
-typedef unsigned long long uLong;
-#define eInt  Long		/* extended integer */
-#define ueInt uLong		/* unsigned extended integer */
+  /* For DECDPUN>4 non-ANSI-89 64-bit types are needed. */
+  #if !DECUSE64
+    #error decNumber.c: DECUSE64 must be 1 when DECDPUN>4
+  #endif
+  #define eInt	Long	      /* extended integer */
+  #define ueInt uLong	      /* unsigned extended integer */
 #endif
 
 /* Local routines */
-static decNumber *decAddOp (decNumber *, const decNumber *,
-			    const decNumber *, decContext *,
-			    uByte, uInt *);
-static void decApplyRound (decNumber *, decContext *, Int, uInt *);
-static Int decCompare (const decNumber * lhs, const decNumber * rhs);
-static decNumber *decCompareOp (decNumber *, const decNumber *, const decNumber *,
-				decContext *, Flag, uInt *);
-static void decCopyFit (decNumber *, const decNumber *, decContext *,
-			Int *, uInt *);
-static decNumber *decDivideOp (decNumber *, const decNumber *, const decNumber *,
-			       decContext *, Flag, uInt *);
-static void decFinalize (decNumber *, decContext *, Int *, uInt *);
-static Int decGetDigits (const Unit *, Int);
-#if DECSUBSET
-static Int decGetInt (const decNumber *, decContext *);
-#else
-static Int decGetInt (const decNumber *);
-#endif
-static decNumber *decMultiplyOp (decNumber *, const decNumber *,
-				 const decNumber *, decContext *, uInt *);
-static decNumber *decNaNs (decNumber *, const decNumber *, const decNumber *, uInt *);
-static decNumber *decQuantizeOp (decNumber *, const decNumber *,
-				 const decNumber *, decContext *, Flag, uInt *);
-static void decSetCoeff (decNumber *, decContext *, const Unit *,
-			 Int, Int *, uInt *);
-static void decSetOverflow (decNumber *, decContext *, uInt *);
-static void decSetSubnormal (decNumber *, decContext *, Int *, uInt *);
-static Int decShiftToLeast (Unit *, Int, Int);
-static Int decShiftToMost (Unit *, Int, Int);
-static void decStatus (decNumber *, uInt, decContext *);
-static Flag decStrEq (const char *, const char *);
-static void decToString (const decNumber *, char[], Flag);
-static decNumber *decTrim (decNumber *, Flag, Int *);
-static Int decUnitAddSub (const Unit *, Int, const Unit *, Int, Int, Unit *, Int);
-static Int decUnitCompare (const Unit *, Int, const Unit *, Int, Int);
+static decNumber * decAddOp(decNumber *, const decNumber *, const decNumber *,
+			      decContext *, uByte, uInt *);
+static Flag	   decBiStr(const char *, const char *, const char *);
+static uInt	   decCheckMath(const decNumber *, decContext *, uInt *);
+static void	   decApplyRound(decNumber *, decContext *, Int, uInt *);
+static Int	   decCompare(const decNumber *lhs, const decNumber *rhs, Flag);
+static decNumber * decCompareOp(decNumber *, const decNumber *,
+			      const decNumber *, decContext *,
+			      Flag, uInt *);
+static void	   decCopyFit(decNumber *, const decNumber *, decContext *,
+			      Int *, uInt *);
+static decNumber * decDecap(decNumber *, Int);
+static decNumber * decDivideOp(decNumber *, const decNumber *,
+			      const decNumber *, decContext *, Flag, uInt *);
+static decNumber * decExpOp(decNumber *, const decNumber *,
+			      decContext *, uInt *);
+static void	   decFinalize(decNumber *, decContext *, Int *, uInt *);
+static Int	   decGetDigits(Unit *, Int);
+static Int	   decGetInt(const decNumber *);
+static decNumber * decLnOp(decNumber *, const decNumber *,
+			      decContext *, uInt *);
+static decNumber * decMultiplyOp(decNumber *, const decNumber *,
+			      const decNumber *, decContext *,
+			      uInt *);
+static decNumber * decNaNs(decNumber *, const decNumber *,
+			      const decNumber *, decContext *, uInt *);
+static decNumber * decQuantizeOp(decNumber *, const decNumber *,
+			      const decNumber *, decContext *, Flag,
+			      uInt *);
+static void	   decReverse(Unit *, Unit *);
+static void	   decSetCoeff(decNumber *, decContext *, const Unit *,
+			      Int, Int *, uInt *);
+static void	   decSetMaxValue(decNumber *, decContext *);
+static void	   decSetOverflow(decNumber *, decContext *, uInt *);
+static void	   decSetSubnormal(decNumber *, decContext *, Int *, uInt *);
+static Int	   decShiftToLeast(Unit *, Int, Int);
+static Int	   decShiftToMost(Unit *, Int, Int);
+static void	   decStatus(decNumber *, uInt, decContext *);
+static void	   decToString(const decNumber *, char[], Flag);
+static decNumber * decTrim(decNumber *, decContext *, Flag, Int *);
+static Int	   decUnitAddSub(const Unit *, Int, const Unit *, Int, Int,
+			      Unit *, Int);
+static Int	   decUnitCompare(const Unit *, Int, const Unit *, Int, Int);
 
 #if !DECSUBSET
 /* decFinish == decFinalize when no subset arithmetic needed */
 #define decFinish(a,b,c,d) decFinalize(a,b,c,d)
 #else
-static void decFinish (decNumber *, decContext *, Int *, uInt *);
-static decNumber *decRoundOperand (const decNumber *, decContext *, uInt *);
+static void	   decFinish(decNumber *, decContext *, Int *, uInt *);
+static decNumber * decRoundOperand(const decNumber *, decContext *, uInt *);
 #endif
 
+/* Local macros */
+/* masked special-values bits */
+#define SPECIALARG  (rhs->bits & DECSPECIAL)
+#define SPECIALARGS ((lhs->bits | rhs->bits) & DECSPECIAL)
+
 /* Diagnostic macros, etc. */
 #if DECALLOC
 /* Handle malloc/free accounting.  If enabled, our accountable routines */
@@ -266,5698 +287,7836 @@ static decNumber *decRoundOperand (const decNumber *, decContext *, uInt *);
 /* and free routines. */
 #define malloc(a) decMalloc(a)
 #define free(a) decFree(a)
-#define DECFENCE 0x5a		/* corruption detector */
+#define DECFENCE 0x5a		   /* corruption detector */
 /* 'Our' malloc and free: */
-static void *decMalloc (size_t);
-static void decFree (void *);
-uInt decAllocBytes = 0;		/* count of bytes allocated */
+static void *decMalloc(size_t);
+static void  decFree(void *);
+uInt decAllocBytes=0;		   /* count of bytes allocated */
 /* Note that DECALLOC code only checks for storage buffer overflow. */
-/* To check for memory leaks, the decAllocBytes variable should be */
+/* To check for memory leaks, the decAllocBytes variable must be */
 /* checked to be 0 at appropriate times (e.g., after the test */
 /* harness completes a set of tests).  This checking may be unreliable */
 /* if the testing is done in a multi-thread environment. */
 #endif
 
 #if DECCHECK
-/* Optional operand checking routines.  Enabling these means that */
-/* decNumber and decContext operands to operator routines are checked */
-/* for correctness.  This roughly doubles the execution time of the */
+/* Optional checking routines.	Enabling these means that decNumber */
+/* and decContext operands to operator routines are checked for */
+/* correctness.	 This roughly doubles the execution time of the */
 /* fastest routines (and adds 600+ bytes), so should not normally be */
 /* used in 'production'. */
-#define DECUNUSED (void *)(0xffffffff)
-static Flag decCheckOperands (decNumber *, const decNumber *,
-			      const decNumber *, decContext *);
-static Flag decCheckNumber (const decNumber *, decContext *);
+/* decCheckInexact is used to check that inexact results have a full */
+/* complement of digits (where appropriate -- this is not the case */
+/* for Quantize, for example) */
+#define DECUNRESU ((decNumber *)(void *)0xffffffff)
+#define DECUNUSED ((const decNumber *)(void *)0xffffffff)
+#define DECUNCONT ((decContext *)(void *)(0xffffffff))
+static Flag decCheckOperands(decNumber *, const decNumber *,
+			     const decNumber *, decContext *);
+static Flag decCheckNumber(const decNumber *);
+static void decCheckInexact(const decNumber *, decContext *);
 #endif
 
 #if DECTRACE || DECCHECK
-/* Optional trace/debugging routines. */
-void decNumberShow (const decNumber *);	/* displays the components of a number */
-static void decDumpAr (char, const Unit *, Int);
+/* Optional trace/debugging routines (may or may not be used) */
+void decNumberShow(const decNumber *);	/* displays the components of a number */
+static void decDumpAr(char, const Unit *, Int);
 #endif
 
 /* ================================================================== */
-/* Conversions                                                        */
+/* Conversions							      */
 /* ================================================================== */
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* to-scientific-string -- conversion to numeric string               */
-/* to-engineering-string -- conversion to numeric string              */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   decNumberToString(dn, string);                                   */
-/*   decNumberToEngString(dn, string);                                */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*  dn is the decNumber to convert                                    */
-/*  string is the string where the result will be laid out            */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*  string must be at least dn->digits+14 characters long             */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*  No error is possible, and no status can be set.                   */
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-char *
-decNumberToString (const decNumber * dn, char *string)
-{
-  decToString (dn, string, 0);
+/* from-int32 -- conversion from Int or uInt			      */
+/*								      */
+/*  dn is the decNumber to receive the integer			      */
+/*  in or uin is the integer to be converted			      */
+/*  returns dn							      */
+/*								      */
+/* No error is possible.					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decNumber * decNumberFromInt32(decNumber *dn, Int in) {
+  uInt unsig;
+  if (in>=0) unsig=in;
+   else {				/* negative (possibly BADINT) */
+    if (in==BADINT) unsig=(uInt)1073741824*2; /* special case */
+     else unsig=-in;			/* invert */
+    }
+  /* in is now positive */
+  decNumberFromUInt32(dn, unsig);
+  if (in<0) dn->bits=DECNEG;		/* sign needed */
+  return dn;
+  } /* decNumberFromInt32 */
+
+decNumber * decNumberFromUInt32(decNumber *dn, uInt uin) {
+  Unit *up;				/* work pointer */
+  decNumberZero(dn);			/* clean */
+  if (uin==0) return dn;		/* [or decGetDigits bad call] */
+  for (up=dn->lsu; uin>0; up++) {
+    *up=(Unit)(uin%(DECDPUNMAX+1));
+    uin=uin/(DECDPUNMAX+1);
+    }
+  dn->digits=decGetDigits(dn->lsu, up-dn->lsu);
+  return dn;
+  } /* decNumberFromUInt32 */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* to-int32 -- conversion to Int or uInt			      */
+/*								      */
+/*  dn is the decNumber to convert				      */
+/*  set is the context for reporting errors			      */
+/*  returns the converted decNumber, or 0 if Invalid is set	      */
+/*								      */
+/* Invalid is set if the decNumber does not have exponent==0 or if    */
+/* it is a NaN, Infinite, or out-of-range.			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+Int decNumberToInt32(const decNumber *dn, decContext *set) {
+  #if DECCHECK
+  if (decCheckOperands(DECUNRESU, DECUNUSED, dn, set)) return 0;
+  #endif
+
+  /* special or too many digits, or bad exponent */
+  if (dn->bits&DECSPECIAL || dn->digits>10 || dn->exponent!=0) ; /* bad */
+   else { /* is a finite integer with 10 or fewer digits */
+    Int d;			   /* work */
+    const Unit *up;		   /* .. */
+    uInt hi=0, lo;		   /* .. */
+    up=dn->lsu;			   /* -> lsu */
+    lo=*up;			   /* get 1 to 9 digits */
+    #if DECDPUN>1		   /* split to higher */
+      hi=lo/10;
+      lo=lo%10;
+    #endif
+    up++;
+    /* collect remaining Units, if any, into hi */
+    for (d=DECDPUN; d<dn->digits; up++, d+=DECDPUN) hi+=*up*powers[d-1];
+    /* now low has the lsd, hi the remainder */
+    if (hi>214748364 || (hi==214748364 && lo>7)) { /* out of range? */
+      /* most-negative is a reprieve */
+      if (dn->bits&DECNEG && hi==214748364 && lo==8) return 0x80000000;
+      /* bad -- drop through */
+      }
+     else { /* in-range always */
+      Int i=X10(hi)+lo;
+      if (dn->bits&DECNEG) return -i;
+      return i;
+      }
+    } /* integer */
+  decContextSetStatus(set, DEC_Invalid_operation); /* [may not return] */
+  return 0;
+  } /* decNumberToInt32 */
+
+uInt decNumberToUInt32(const decNumber *dn, decContext *set) {
+  #if DECCHECK
+  if (decCheckOperands(DECUNRESU, DECUNUSED, dn, set)) return 0;
+  #endif
+  /* special or too many digits, or bad exponent, or negative (<0) */
+  if (dn->bits&DECSPECIAL || dn->digits>10 || dn->exponent!=0
+    || (dn->bits&DECNEG && !ISZERO(dn)));		    /* bad */
+   else { /* is a finite integer with 10 or fewer digits */
+    Int d;			   /* work */
+    const Unit *up;		   /* .. */
+    uInt hi=0, lo;		   /* .. */
+    up=dn->lsu;			   /* -> lsu */
+    lo=*up;			   /* get 1 to 9 digits */
+    #if DECDPUN>1		   /* split to higher */
+      hi=lo/10;
+      lo=lo%10;
+    #endif
+    up++;
+    /* collect remaining Units, if any, into hi */
+    for (d=DECDPUN; d<dn->digits; up++, d+=DECDPUN) hi+=*up*powers[d-1];
+
+    /* now low has the lsd, hi the remainder */
+    if (hi>429496729 || (hi==429496729 && lo>5)) ; /* no reprieve possible */
+     else return X10(hi)+lo;
+    } /* integer */
+  decContextSetStatus(set, DEC_Invalid_operation); /* [may not return] */
+  return 0;
+  } /* decNumberToUInt32 */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* to-scientific-string -- conversion to numeric string		      */
+/* to-engineering-string -- conversion to numeric string	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   decNumberToString(dn, string);				      */
+/*   decNumberToEngString(dn, string);				      */
+/*								      */
+/*  dn is the decNumber to convert				      */
+/*  string is the string where the result will be laid out	      */
+/*								      */
+/*  string must be at least dn->digits+14 characters long	      */
+/*								      */
+/*  No error is possible, and no status can be set.		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+char * decNumberToString(const decNumber *dn, char *string){
+  decToString(dn, string, 0);
   return string;
-}
+  } /* DecNumberToString */
 
-char *
-decNumberToEngString (const decNumber * dn, char *string)
-{
-  decToString (dn, string, 1);
+char * decNumberToEngString(const decNumber *dn, char *string){
+  decToString(dn, string, 1);
   return string;
-}
-
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* to-number -- conversion from numeric string                        */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* decNumberFromString -- convert string to decNumber                 */
-/*   dn        -- the number structure to fill                        */
-/*   chars[]   -- the string to convert ('\0' terminated)             */
-/*   set       -- the context used for processing any error,          */
-/*                determining the maximum precision available         */
-/*                (set.digits), determining the maximum and minimum   */
-/*                exponent (set.emax and set.emin), determining if    */
-/*                extended values are allowed, and checking the       */
-/*                rounding mode if overflow occurs or rounding is     */
-/*                needed.                                             */
-/*                                                                    */
+  } /* DecNumberToEngString */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* to-number -- conversion from numeric string			      */
+/*								      */
+/* decNumberFromString -- convert string to decNumber		      */
+/*   dn	       -- the number structure to fill			      */
+/*   chars[]   -- the string to convert ('\0' terminated)	      */
+/*   set       -- the context used for processing any error,	      */
+/*		  determining the maximum precision available	      */
+/*		  (set.digits), determining the maximum and minimum   */
+/*		  exponent (set.emax and set.emin), determining if    */
+/*		  extended values are allowed, and checking the	      */
+/*		  rounding mode if overflow occurs or rounding is     */
+/*		  needed.					      */
+/*								      */
 /* The length of the coefficient and the size of the exponent are     */
-/* checked by this routine, so the correct error (Underflow or        */
-/* Overflow) can be reported or rounding applied, as necessary.       */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* If bad syntax is detected, the result will be a quiet NaN.         */
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-decNumber *
-decNumberFromString (decNumber * dn, const char chars[], decContext * set)
-{
-  Int exponent = 0;		/* working exponent [assume 0] */
-  uByte bits = 0;		/* working flags [assume +ve] */
-  Unit *res;			/* where result will be built */
-  Unit resbuff[D2U (DECBUFFER + 1)];	/* local buffer in case need temporary */
-  Unit *allocres = NULL;	/* -> allocated result, iff allocated */
-  Int need;			/* units needed for result */
-  Int d = 0;			/* count of digits found in decimal part */
-  const char *dotchar = NULL;	/* where dot was found */
-  const char *cfirst;		/* -> first character of decimal part */
-  const char *last = NULL;	/* -> last digit of decimal part */
-  const char *firstexp;		/* -> first significant exponent digit */
-  const char *c;		/* work */
-  Unit *up;			/* .. */
-#if DECDPUN>1
-  Int i;			/* .. */
-#endif
-  Int residue = 0;		/* rounding residue */
-  uInt status = 0;		/* error code */
-
-#if DECCHECK
-  if (decCheckOperands (DECUNUSED, DECUNUSED, DECUNUSED, set))
-    return decNumberZero (dn);
-#endif
-
-  do
-    {				/* status & malloc protection */
-      c = chars;		/* -> input character */
-      if (*c == '-')
-	{			/* handle leading '-' */
-	  bits = DECNEG;
-	  c++;
+/* checked by this routine, so the correct error (Underflow or	      */
+/* Overflow) can be reported or rounding applied, as necessary.	      */
+/*								      */
+/* If bad syntax is detected, the result will be a quiet NaN.	      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decNumber * decNumberFromString(decNumber *dn, const char chars[],
+				decContext *set) {
+  Int	exponent=0;		   /* working exponent [assume 0] */
+  uByte bits=0;			   /* working flags [assume +ve] */
+  Unit	*res;			   /* where result will be built */
+  Unit	resbuff[SD2U(DECBUFFER+9)];/* local buffer in case need temporary */
+				   /* [+9 allows for ln() constants] */
+  Unit	*allocres=NULL;		   /* -> allocated result, iff allocated */
+  Int	d=0;			   /* count of digits found in decimal part */
+  const char *dotchar=NULL;	   /* where dot was found */
+  const char *cfirst=chars;	   /* -> first character of decimal part */
+  const char *last=NULL;	   /* -> last digit of decimal part */
+  const char *c;		   /* work */
+  Unit	*up;			   /* .. */
+  #if DECDPUN>1
+  Int	cut, out;		   /* .. */
+  #endif
+  Int	residue;		   /* rounding residue */
+  uInt	status=0;		   /* error code */
+
+  #if DECCHECK
+  if (decCheckOperands(DECUNRESU, DECUNUSED, DECUNUSED, set))
+    return decNumberZero(dn);
+  #endif
+
+  do {				   /* status & malloc protection */
+    for (c=chars;; c++) {	   /* -> input character */
+      if (*c>='0' && *c<='9') {	   /* test for Arabic digit */
+	last=c;
+	d++;			   /* count of real digits */
+	continue;		   /* still in decimal part */
 	}
-      else if (*c == '+')
-	c++;			/* step over leading '+' */
-      /* We're at the start of the number [we think] */
-      cfirst = c;		/* save */
-      for (;; c++)
-	{
-	  if (*c >= '0' && *c <= '9')
-	    {			/* test for Arabic digit */
-	      last = c;
-	      d++;		/* count of real digits */
-	      continue;		/* still in decimal part */
-	    }
-	  if (*c != '.')
-	    break;		/* done with decimal part */
-	  /* dot: record, check, and ignore */
-	  if (dotchar != NULL)
-	    {			/* two dots */
-	      last = NULL;	/* indicate bad */
-	      break;
-	    }			/* .. and go report */
-	  dotchar = c;		/* offset into decimal part */
-	}			/* c */
-
-      if (last == NULL)
-	{			/* no decimal digits, or >1 . */
-#if DECSUBSET
-	  /* If subset then infinities and NaNs are not allowed */
-	  if (!set->extended)
-	    {
-	      status = DEC_Conversion_syntax;
-	      break;		/* all done */
-	    }
-	  else
-	    {
-#endif
-	      /* Infinities and NaNs are possible, here */
-	      decNumberZero (dn);	/* be optimistic */
-	      if (decStrEq (c, "Infinity") || decStrEq (c, "Inf"))
-		{
-		  dn->bits = bits | DECINF;
-		  break;	/* all done */
-		}
-	      else
-		{		/* a NaN expected */
-		  /* 2003.09.10 NaNs are now permitted to have a sign */
-		  status = DEC_Conversion_syntax;	/* assume the worst */
-		  dn->bits = bits | DECNAN;	/* assume simple NaN */
-		  if (*c == 's' || *c == 'S')
-		    {		/* looks like an` sNaN */
-		      c++;
-		      dn->bits = bits | DECSNAN;
-		    }
-		  if (*c != 'n' && *c != 'N')
-		    break;	/* check caseless "NaN" */
-		  c++;
-		  if (*c != 'a' && *c != 'A')
-		    break;	/* .. */
-		  c++;
-		  if (*c != 'n' && *c != 'N')
-		    break;	/* .. */
-		  c++;
-		  /* now nothing, or nnnn, expected */
-		  /* -> start of integer and skip leading 0s [including plain 0] */
-		  for (cfirst = c; *cfirst == '0';)
-		    cfirst++;
-		  if (*cfirst == '\0')
-		    {		/* "NaN" or "sNaN", maybe with all 0s */
-		      status = 0;	/* it's good */
-		      break;	/* .. */
-		    }
-		  /* something other than 0s; setup last and d as usual [no dots] */
-		  for (c = cfirst;; c++, d++)
-		    {
-		      if (*c < '0' || *c > '9')
-			break;	/* test for Arabic digit */
-		      last = c;
-		    }
-		  if (*c != '\0')
-		    break;	/* not all digits */
-		  if (d > set->digits)
-		    break;	/* too many digits */
-		  /* good; drop through and convert the integer */
-		  status = 0;
-		  bits = dn->bits;	/* for copy-back */
-		}		/* NaN expected */
-#if DECSUBSET
-	    }
-#endif
-	}			/* last==NULL */
-
-      if (*c != '\0')
-	{			/* more there; exponent expected... */
-	  Flag nege = 0;	/* 1=negative exponent */
-	  if (*c != 'e' && *c != 'E')
-	    {
-	      status = DEC_Conversion_syntax;
-	      break;
-	    }
-
-	  /* Found 'e' or 'E' -- now process explicit exponent */
-	  /* 1998.07.11: sign no longer required */
-	  c++;			/* to (expected) sign */
-	  if (*c == '-')
-	    {
-	      nege = 1;
-	      c++;
-	    }
-	  else if (*c == '+')
-	    c++;
-	  if (*c == '\0')
-	    {
-	      status = DEC_Conversion_syntax;
-	      break;
-	    }
-
-	  for (; *c == '0' && *(c + 1) != '\0';)
-	    c++;		/* strip insignificant zeros */
-	  firstexp = c;		/* save exponent digit place */
-	  for (;; c++)
-	    {
-	      if (*c < '0' || *c > '9')
-		break;		/* not a digit */
-	      exponent = X10 (exponent) + (Int) * c - (Int) '0';
-	    }			/* c */
-	  /* if we didn't end on '\0' must not be a digit */
-	  if (*c != '\0')
-	    {
-	      status = DEC_Conversion_syntax;
-	      break;
-	    }
-
-	  /* (this next test must be after the syntax check) */
-	  /* if it was too long the exponent may have wrapped, so check */
-	  /* carefully and set it to a certain overflow if wrap possible */
-	  if (c >= firstexp + 9 + 1)
-	    {
-	      if (c > firstexp + 9 + 1 || *firstexp > '1')
-		exponent = DECNUMMAXE * 2;
-	      /* [up to 1999999999 is OK, for example 1E-1000000998] */
-	    }
-	  if (nege)
-	    exponent = -exponent;	/* was negative */
-	}			/* had exponent */
-      /* Here when all inspected; syntax is good */
-
-      /* Handle decimal point... */
-      if (dotchar != NULL && dotchar < last)	/* embedded . found, so */
-	exponent = exponent - (last - dotchar);	/* .. adjust exponent */
-      /* [we can now ignore the .] */
-
-      /* strip leading zeros/dot (leave final if all 0's) */
-      for (c = cfirst; c < last; c++)
-	{
-	  if (*c == '0')
-	    d--;		/* 0 stripped */
-	  else if (*c != '.')
-	    break;
-	  cfirst++;		/* step past leader */
-	}			/* c */
-
-#if DECSUBSET
-      /* We can now make a rapid exit for zeros if !extended */
-      if (*cfirst == '0' && !set->extended)
-	{
-	  decNumberZero (dn);	/* clean result */
-	  break;		/* [could be return] */
+      if (*c=='.' && dotchar==NULL) { /* first '.' */
+	dotchar=c;		   /* record offset into decimal part */
+	if (c==cfirst) cfirst++;   /* first digit must follow */
+	continue;}
+      if (c==chars) {		   /* first in string... */
+	if (*c=='-') {		   /* valid - sign */
+	  cfirst++;
+	  bits=DECNEG;
+	  continue;}
+	if (*c=='+') {		   /* valid + sign */
+	  cfirst++;
+	  continue;}
 	}
-#endif
-
-      /* OK, the digits string is good.  Copy to the decNumber, or to
-         a temporary decNumber if rounding is needed */
-      if (d <= set->digits)
-	res = dn->lsu;		/* fits into given decNumber */
-      else
-	{			/* rounding needed */
-	  need = D2U (d);	/* units needed */
-	  res = resbuff;	/* assume use local buffer */
-	  if (need * sizeof (Unit) > sizeof (resbuff))
-	    {			/* too big for local */
-	      allocres = (Unit *) malloc (need * sizeof (Unit));
-	      if (allocres == NULL)
-		{
-		  status |= DEC_Insufficient_storage;
-		  break;
-		}
-	      res = allocres;
-	    }
+      /* *c is not a digit, or a valid +, -, or '.' */
+      break;
+      } /* c */
+
+    if (last==NULL) {		   /* no digits yet */
+      status=DEC_Conversion_syntax;/* assume the worst */
+      if (*c=='\0') break;	   /* and no more to come... */
+      #if DECSUBSET
+      /* if subset then infinities and NaNs are not allowed */
+      if (!set->extended) break;   /* hopeless */
+      #endif
+      /* Infinities and NaNs are possible, here */
+      if (dotchar!=NULL) break;	   /* .. unless had a dot */
+      decNumberZero(dn);	   /* be optimistic */
+      if (decBiStr(c, "infinity", "INFINITY")
+       || decBiStr(c, "inf", "INF")) {
+	dn->bits=bits | DECINF;
+	status=0;		   /* is OK */
+	break; /* all done */
 	}
-      /* res now -> number lsu, buffer, or allocated storage for Unit array */
-
-      /* Place the coefficient into the selected Unit array */
-#if DECDPUN>1
-      i = d % DECDPUN;		/* digits in top unit */
-      if (i == 0)
-	i = DECDPUN;
-      up = res + D2U (d) - 1;	/* -> msu */
-      *up = 0;
-      for (c = cfirst;; c++)
-	{			/* along the digits */
-	  if (*c == '.')
-	    {			/* ignore . [don't decrement i] */
-	      if (c != last)
-		continue;
-	      break;
-	    }
-	  *up = (Unit) (X10 (*up) + (Int) * c - (Int) '0');
-	  i--;
-	  if (i > 0)
-	    continue;		/* more for this unit */
-	  if (up == res)
-	    break;		/* just filled the last unit */
-	  i = DECDPUN;
-	  up--;
-	  *up = 0;
-	}			/* c */
-#else
-      /* DECDPUN==1 */
-      up = res;			/* -> lsu */
-      for (c = last; c >= cfirst; c--)
-	{			/* over each character, from least */
-	  if (*c == '.')
-	    continue;		/* ignore . [don't step b] */
-	  *up = (Unit) ((Int) * c - (Int) '0');
-	  up++;
-	}			/* c */
-#endif
-
-      dn->bits = bits;
-      dn->exponent = exponent;
-      dn->digits = d;
-
-      /* if not in number (too long) shorten into the number */
-      if (d > set->digits)
-	decSetCoeff (dn, set, res, d, &residue, &status);
-
-      /* Finally check for overflow or subnormal and round as needed */
-      decFinalize (dn, set, &residue, &status);
-      /* decNumberShow(dn); */
-    }
-  while (0);			/* [for break] */
+      /* a NaN expected */
+      /* 2003.09.10 NaNs are now permitted to have a sign */
+      dn->bits=bits | DECNAN;	   /* assume simple NaN */
+      if (*c=='s' || *c=='S') {	   /* looks like an sNaN */
+	c++;
+	dn->bits=bits | DECSNAN;
+	}
+      if (*c!='n' && *c!='N') break;	/* check caseless "NaN" */
+      c++;
+      if (*c!='a' && *c!='A') break;	/* .. */
+      c++;
+      if (*c!='n' && *c!='N') break;	/* .. */
+      c++;
+      /* now either nothing, or nnnn payload, expected */
+      /* -> start of integer and skip leading 0s [including plain 0] */
+      for (cfirst=c; *cfirst=='0';) cfirst++;
+      if (*cfirst=='\0') {	   /* "NaN" or "sNaN", maybe with all 0s */
+	status=0;		   /* it's good */
+	break;			   /* .. */
+	}
+      /* something other than 0s; setup last and d as usual [no dots] */
+      for (c=cfirst;; c++, d++) {
+	if (*c<'0' || *c>'9') break; /* test for Arabic digit */
+	last=c;
+	}
+      if (*c!='\0') break;	   /* not all digits */
+      if (d>set->digits-1) {
+	/* [NB: payload in a decNumber can be full length unless */
+	/* clamped, in which case can only be digits-1] */
+	if (set->clamp) break;
+	if (d>set->digits) break;
+	} /* too many digits? */
+      /* good; drop through to convert the integer to coefficient */
+      status=0;			   /* syntax is OK */
+      bits=dn->bits;		   /* for copy-back */
+      } /* last==NULL */
+
+     else if (*c!='\0') {	   /* more to process... */
+      /* had some digits; exponent is only valid sequence now */
+      Flag nege;		   /* 1=negative exponent */
+      const char *firstexp;	   /* -> first significant exponent digit */
+      status=DEC_Conversion_syntax;/* assume the worst */
+      if (*c!='e' && *c!='E') break;
+      /* Found 'e' or 'E' -- now process explicit exponent */
+      /* 1998.07.11: sign no longer required */
+      nege=0;
+      c++;			   /* to (possible) sign */
+      if (*c=='-') {nege=1; c++;}
+       else if (*c=='+') c++;
+      if (*c=='\0') break;
+
+      for (; *c=='0' && *(c+1)!='\0';) c++;  /* strip insignificant zeros */
+      firstexp=c;			     /* save exponent digit place */
+      for (; ;c++) {
+	if (*c<'0' || *c>'9') break;	     /* not a digit */
+	exponent=X10(exponent)+(Int)*c-(Int)'0';
+	} /* c */
+      /* if not now on a '\0', *c must not be a digit */
+      if (*c!='\0') break;
+
+      /* (this next test must be after the syntax checks) */
+      /* if it was too long the exponent may have wrapped, so check */
+      /* carefully and set it to a certain overflow if wrap possible */
+      if (c>=firstexp+9+1) {
+	if (c>firstexp+9+1 || *firstexp>'1') exponent=DECNUMMAXE*2;
+	/* [up to 1999999999 is OK, for example 1E-1000000998] */
+	}
+      if (nege) exponent=-exponent;	/* was negative */
+      status=0;				/* is OK */
+      } /* stuff after digits */
+
+    /* Here when whole string has been inspected; syntax is good */
+    /* cfirst->first digit (never dot), last->last digit (ditto) */
+
+    /* strip leading zeros/dot [leave final 0 if all 0's] */
+    if (*cfirst=='0') {			/* [cfirst has stepped over .] */
+      for (c=cfirst; c<last; c++, cfirst++) {
+	if (*c=='.') continue;		/* ignore dots */
+	if (*c!='0') break;		/* non-zero found */
+	d--;				/* 0 stripped */
+	} /* c */
+      #if DECSUBSET
+      /* make a rapid exit for easy zeros if !extended */
+      if (*cfirst=='0' && !set->extended) {
+	decNumberZero(dn);		/* clean result */
+	break;				/* [could be return] */
+	}
+      #endif
+      } /* at least one leading 0 */
+
+    /* Handle decimal point... */
+    if (dotchar!=NULL && dotchar<last)	/* non-trailing '.' found? */
+      exponent-=(last-dotchar);		/* adjust exponent */
+    /* [we can now ignore the .] */
+
+    /* OK, the digits string is good.  Assemble in the decNumber, or in */
+    /* a temporary units array if rounding is needed */
+    if (d<=set->digits) res=dn->lsu;	/* fits into supplied decNumber */
+     else {				/* rounding needed */
+      Int needbytes=D2U(d)*sizeof(Unit);/* bytes needed */
+      res=resbuff;			/* assume use local buffer */
+      if (needbytes>(Int)sizeof(resbuff)) { /* too big for local */
+	allocres=(Unit *)malloc(needbytes);
+	if (allocres==NULL) {status|=DEC_Insufficient_storage; break;}
+	res=allocres;
+	}
+      }
+    /* res now -> number lsu, buffer, or allocated storage for Unit array */
+
+    /* Place the coefficient into the selected Unit array */
+    /* [this is often 70% of the cost of this function when DECDPUN>1] */
+    #if DECDPUN>1
+    out=0;			   /* accumulator */
+    up=res+D2U(d)-1;		   /* -> msu */
+    cut=d-(up-res)*DECDPUN;	   /* digits in top unit */
+    for (c=cfirst;; c++) {	   /* along the digits */
+      if (*c=='.') continue;	   /* ignore '.' [don't decrement cut] */
+      out=X10(out)+(Int)*c-(Int)'0';
+      if (c==last) break;	   /* done [never get to trailing '.'] */
+      cut--;
+      if (cut>0) continue;	   /* more for this unit */
+      *up=(Unit)out;		   /* write unit */
+      up--;			   /* prepare for unit below.. */
+      cut=DECDPUN;		   /* .. */
+      out=0;			   /* .. */
+      } /* c */
+    *up=(Unit)out;		   /* write lsu */
+
+    #else
+    /* DECDPUN==1 */
+    up=res;			   /* -> lsu */
+    for (c=last; c>=cfirst; c--) { /* over each character, from least */
+      if (*c=='.') continue;	   /* ignore . [don't step up] */
+      *up=(Unit)((Int)*c-(Int)'0');
+      up++;
+      } /* c */
+    #endif
+
+    dn->bits=bits;
+    dn->exponent=exponent;
+    dn->digits=d;
+
+    /* if not in number (too long) shorten into the number */
+    if (d>set->digits) {
+      residue=0;
+      decSetCoeff(dn, set, res, d, &residue, &status);
+      /* always check for overflow or subnormal and round as needed */
+      decFinalize(dn, set, &residue, &status);
+      }
+     else { /* no rounding, but may still have overflow or subnormal */
+      /* [these tests are just for performance; finalize repeats them] */
+      if ((dn->exponent-1<set->emin-dn->digits)
+       || (dn->exponent-1>set->emax-set->digits)) {
+	residue=0;
+	decFinalize(dn, set, &residue, &status);
+	}
+      }
+    /* decNumberShow(dn); */
+    } while(0);				/* [for break] */
 
-  if (allocres != NULL)
-    free (allocres);		/* drop any storage we used */
-  if (status != 0)
-    decStatus (dn, status, set);
+  if (allocres!=NULL) free(allocres);	/* drop any storage used */
+  if (status!=0) decStatus(dn, status, set);
   return dn;
-}
+  } /* decNumberFromString */
 
 /* ================================================================== */
-/* Operators                                                          */
+/* Operators							      */
 /* ================================================================== */
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* decNumberAbs -- absolute value operator                            */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   This computes C = abs(A)                                         */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A                                */
-/*   rhs is A                                                         */
-/*   set is the context                                               */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* C must have space for set->digits digits.                          */
+/* decNumberAbs -- absolute value operator			      */
+/*								      */
+/*   This computes C = abs(A)					      */
+/*								      */
+/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A				      */
+/*   rhs is A							      */
+/*   set is the context						      */
+/*								      */
+/* See also decNumberCopyAbs for a quiet bitwise version of this.     */
+/* C must have space for set->digits digits.			      */
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
 /* This has the same effect as decNumberPlus unless A is negative,    */
-/* in which case it has the same effect as decNumberMinus.            */
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-decNumber *
-decNumberAbs (decNumber * res, const decNumber * rhs, decContext * set)
-{
-  decNumber dzero;		/* for 0 */
-  uInt status = 0;		/* accumulator */
-
-#if DECCHECK
-  if (decCheckOperands (res, DECUNUSED, rhs, set))
+/* in which case it has the same effect as decNumberMinus.	      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decNumber * decNumberAbs(decNumber *res, const decNumber *rhs,
+			 decContext *set) {
+  decNumber dzero;			/* for 0 */
+  uInt status=0;			/* accumulator */
+
+  #if DECCHECK
+  if (decCheckOperands(res, DECUNUSED, rhs, set)) return res;
+  #endif
+
+  decNumberZero(&dzero);		/* set 0 */
+  dzero.exponent=rhs->exponent;		/* [no coefficient expansion] */
+  decAddOp(res, &dzero, rhs, set, (uByte)(rhs->bits & DECNEG), &status);
+  if (status!=0) decStatus(res, status, set);
+  #if DECCHECK
+  decCheckInexact(res, set);
+  #endif
+  return res;
+  } /* decNumberAbs */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decNumberAdd -- add two Numbers				      */
+/*								      */
+/*   This computes C = A + B					      */
+/*								      */
+/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A and/or B (e.g., X=X+X)	      */
+/*   lhs is A							      */
+/*   rhs is B							      */
+/*   set is the context						      */
+/*								      */
+/* C must have space for set->digits digits.			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* This just calls the routine shared with Subtract		      */
+decNumber * decNumberAdd(decNumber *res, const decNumber *lhs,
+			 const decNumber *rhs, decContext *set) {
+  uInt status=0;			/* accumulator */
+  decAddOp(res, lhs, rhs, set, 0, &status);
+  if (status!=0) decStatus(res, status, set);
+  #if DECCHECK
+  decCheckInexact(res, set);
+  #endif
+  return res;
+  } /* decNumberAdd */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decNumberAnd -- AND two Numbers, digitwise			      */
+/*								      */
+/*   This computes C = A & B					      */
+/*								      */
+/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A and/or B (e.g., X=X&X)	      */
+/*   lhs is A							      */
+/*   rhs is B							      */
+/*   set is the context (used for result length and error report)     */
+/*								      */
+/* C must have space for set->digits digits.			      */
+/*								      */
+/* Logical function restrictions apply (see above); a NaN is	      */
+/* returned with Invalid_operation if a restriction is violated.      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decNumber * decNumberAnd(decNumber *res, const decNumber *lhs,
+			 const decNumber *rhs, decContext *set) {
+  const Unit *ua, *ub;			/* -> operands */
+  const Unit *msua, *msub;		/* -> operand msus */
+  Unit *uc,  *msuc;			/* -> result and its msu */
+  Int	msudigs;			/* digits in res msu */
+  #if DECCHECK
+  if (decCheckOperands(res, lhs, rhs, set)) return res;
+  #endif
+
+  if (lhs->exponent!=0 || decNumberIsSpecial(lhs) || decNumberIsNegative(lhs)
+   || rhs->exponent!=0 || decNumberIsSpecial(rhs) || decNumberIsNegative(rhs)) {
+    decStatus(res, DEC_Invalid_operation, set);
     return res;
-#endif
+    }
 
-  decNumberZero (&dzero);	/* set 0 */
-  dzero.exponent = rhs->exponent;	/* [no coefficient expansion] */
-  decAddOp (res, &dzero, rhs, set, (uByte) (rhs->bits & DECNEG), &status);
-  if (status != 0)
-    decStatus (res, status, set);
+  /* operands are valid */
+  ua=lhs->lsu;				/* bottom-up */
+  ub=rhs->lsu;				/* .. */
+  uc=res->lsu;				/* .. */
+  msua=ua+D2U(lhs->digits)-1;		/* -> msu of lhs */
+  msub=ub+D2U(rhs->digits)-1;		/* -> msu of rhs */
+  msuc=uc+D2U(set->digits)-1;		/* -> msu of result */
+  msudigs=MSUDIGITS(set->digits);	/* [faster than remainder] */
+  for (; uc<=msuc; ua++, ub++, uc++) {	/* Unit loop */
+    Unit a, b;				/* extract units */
+    if (ua>msua) a=0;
+     else a=*ua;
+    if (ub>msub) b=0;
+     else b=*ub;
+    *uc=0;				/* can now write back */
+    if (a|b) {				/* maybe 1 bits to examine */
+      Int i, j;
+      *uc=0;				/* can now write back */
+      /* This loop could be unrolled and/or use BIN2BCD tables */
+      for (i=0; i<DECDPUN; i++) {
+	if (a&b&1) *uc=*uc+(Unit)powers[i];  /* effect AND */
+	j=a%10;
+	a=a/10;
+	j|=b%10;
+	b=b/10;
+	if (j>1) {
+	  decStatus(res, DEC_Invalid_operation, set);
+	  return res;
+	  }
+	if (uc==msuc && i==msudigs-1) break; /* just did final digit */
+	} /* each digit */
+      } /* both OK */
+    } /* each unit */
+  /* [here uc-1 is the msu of the result] */
+  res->digits=decGetDigits(res->lsu, uc-res->lsu);
+  res->exponent=0;			/* integer */
+  res->bits=0;				/* sign=0 */
+  return res;  /* [no status to set] */
+  } /* decNumberAnd */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decNumberCompare -- compare two Numbers			      */
+/*								      */
+/*   This computes C = A ? B					      */
+/*								      */
+/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A and/or B (e.g., X=X?X)	      */
+/*   lhs is A							      */
+/*   rhs is B							      */
+/*   set is the context						      */
+/*								      */
+/* C must have space for one digit (or NaN).			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decNumber * decNumberCompare(decNumber *res, const decNumber *lhs,
+			     const decNumber *rhs, decContext *set) {
+  uInt status=0;			/* accumulator */
+  decCompareOp(res, lhs, rhs, set, COMPARE, &status);
+  if (status!=0) decStatus(res, status, set);
   return res;
-}
-
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* decNumberAdd -- add two Numbers                                    */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   This computes C = A + B                                          */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A and/or B (e.g., X=X+X)         */
-/*   lhs is A                                                         */
-/*   rhs is B                                                         */
-/*   set is the context                                               */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* C must have space for set->digits digits.                          */
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* This just calls the routine shared with Subtract                   */
-decNumber *
-decNumberAdd (decNumber * res, const decNumber * lhs,
-	      const decNumber * rhs, decContext * set)
-{
-  uInt status = 0;		/* accumulator */
-  decAddOp (res, lhs, rhs, set, 0, &status);
-  if (status != 0)
-    decStatus (res, status, set);
+  } /* decNumberCompare */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decNumberCompareSignal -- compare, signalling on all NaNs	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   This computes C = A ? B					      */
+/*								      */
+/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A and/or B (e.g., X=X?X)	      */
+/*   lhs is A							      */
+/*   rhs is B							      */
+/*   set is the context						      */
+/*								      */
+/* C must have space for one digit (or NaN).			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decNumber * decNumberCompareSignal(decNumber *res, const decNumber *lhs,
+				   const decNumber *rhs, decContext *set) {
+  uInt status=0;			/* accumulator */
+  decCompareOp(res, lhs, rhs, set, COMPSIG, &status);
+  if (status!=0) decStatus(res, status, set);
   return res;
-}
-
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* decNumberCompare -- compare two Numbers                            */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   This computes C = A ? B                                          */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A and/or B (e.g., X=X?X)         */
-/*   lhs is A                                                         */
-/*   rhs is B                                                         */
-/*   set is the context                                               */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* C must have space for one digit.                                   */
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-decNumber *
-decNumberCompare (decNumber * res, const decNumber * lhs,
-		  const decNumber * rhs, decContext * set)
-{
-  uInt status = 0;		/* accumulator */
-  decCompareOp (res, lhs, rhs, set, COMPARE, &status);
-  if (status != 0)
-    decStatus (res, status, set);
+  } /* decNumberCompareSignal */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decNumberCompareTotal -- compare two Numbers, using total ordering */
+/*								      */
+/*   This computes C = A ? B, under total ordering		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A and/or B (e.g., X=X?X)	      */
+/*   lhs is A							      */
+/*   rhs is B							      */
+/*   set is the context						      */
+/*								      */
+/* C must have space for one digit; the result will always be one of  */
+/* -1, 0, or 1.							      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decNumber * decNumberCompareTotal(decNumber *res, const decNumber *lhs,
+				  const decNumber *rhs, decContext *set) {
+  uInt status=0;			/* accumulator */
+  decCompareOp(res, lhs, rhs, set, COMPTOTAL, &status);
+  if (status!=0) decStatus(res, status, set);
+  return res;
+  } /* decNumberCompareTotal */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decNumberCompareTotalMag -- compare, total ordering of magnitudes  */
+/*								      */
+/*   This computes C = |A| ? |B|, under total ordering		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A and/or B (e.g., X=X?X)	      */
+/*   lhs is A							      */
+/*   rhs is B							      */
+/*   set is the context						      */
+/*								      */
+/* C must have space for one digit; the result will always be one of  */
+/* -1, 0, or 1.							      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decNumber * decNumberCompareTotalMag(decNumber *res, const decNumber *lhs,
+				     const decNumber *rhs, decContext *set) {
+  uInt status=0;		   /* accumulator */
+  uInt needbytes;		   /* for space calculations */
+  decNumber bufa[D2N(DECBUFFER+1)];/* +1 in case DECBUFFER=0 */
+  decNumber *allocbufa=NULL;	   /* -> allocated bufa, iff allocated */
+  decNumber bufb[D2N(DECBUFFER+1)];
+  decNumber *allocbufb=NULL;	   /* -> allocated bufb, iff allocated */
+  decNumber *a, *b;		   /* temporary pointers */
+
+  #if DECCHECK
+  if (decCheckOperands(res, lhs, rhs, set)) return res;
+  #endif
+
+  do {					/* protect allocated storage */
+    /* if either is negative, take a copy and absolute */
+    if (decNumberIsNegative(lhs)) {	/* lhs<0 */
+      a=bufa;
+      needbytes=sizeof(decNumber)+(D2U(lhs->digits)-1)*sizeof(Unit);
+      if (needbytes>sizeof(bufa)) {	/* need malloc space */
+	allocbufa=(decNumber *)malloc(needbytes);
+	if (allocbufa==NULL) {		/* hopeless -- abandon */
+	  status|=DEC_Insufficient_storage;
+	  break;}
+	a=allocbufa;			/* use the allocated space */
+	}
+      decNumberCopy(a, lhs);		/* copy content */
+      a->bits&=~DECNEG;			/* .. and clear the sign */
+      lhs=a;				/* use copy from here on */
+      }
+    if (decNumberIsNegative(rhs)) {	/* rhs<0 */
+      b=bufb;
+      needbytes=sizeof(decNumber)+(D2U(rhs->digits)-1)*sizeof(Unit);
+      if (needbytes>sizeof(bufb)) {	/* need malloc space */
+	allocbufb=(decNumber *)malloc(needbytes);
+	if (allocbufb==NULL) {		/* hopeless -- abandon */
+	  status|=DEC_Insufficient_storage;
+	  break;}
+	b=allocbufb;			/* use the allocated space */
+	}
+      decNumberCopy(b, rhs);		/* copy content */
+      b->bits&=~DECNEG;			/* .. and clear the sign */
+      rhs=b;				/* use copy from here on */
+      }
+    decCompareOp(res, lhs, rhs, set, COMPTOTAL, &status);
+    } while(0);				/* end protected */
+
+  if (allocbufa!=NULL) free(allocbufa); /* drop any storage used */
+  if (allocbufb!=NULL) free(allocbufb); /* .. */
+  if (status!=0) decStatus(res, status, set);
   return res;
-}
-
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* decNumberDivide -- divide one number by another                    */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   This computes C = A / B                                          */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A and/or B (e.g., X=X/X)         */
-/*   lhs is A                                                         */
-/*   rhs is B                                                         */
-/*   set is the context                                               */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* C must have space for set->digits digits.                          */
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-decNumber *
-decNumberDivide (decNumber * res, const decNumber * lhs,
-		 const decNumber * rhs, decContext * set)
-{
-  uInt status = 0;		/* accumulator */
-  decDivideOp (res, lhs, rhs, set, DIVIDE, &status);
-  if (status != 0)
-    decStatus (res, status, set);
+  } /* decNumberCompareTotalMag */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decNumberDivide -- divide one number by another		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   This computes C = A / B					      */
+/*								      */
+/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A and/or B (e.g., X=X/X)	      */
+/*   lhs is A							      */
+/*   rhs is B							      */
+/*   set is the context						      */
+/*								      */
+/* C must have space for set->digits digits.			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decNumber * decNumberDivide(decNumber *res, const decNumber *lhs,
+			    const decNumber *rhs, decContext *set) {
+  uInt status=0;			/* accumulator */
+  decDivideOp(res, lhs, rhs, set, DIVIDE, &status);
+  if (status!=0) decStatus(res, status, set);
+  #if DECCHECK
+  decCheckInexact(res, set);
+  #endif
   return res;
-}
+  } /* decNumberDivide */
 
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* decNumberDivideInteger -- divide and return integer quotient       */
-/*                                                                    */
+/* decNumberDivideInteger -- divide and return integer quotient	      */
+/*								      */
 /*   This computes C = A # B, where # is the integer divide operator  */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A and/or B (e.g., X=X#X)         */
-/*   lhs is A                                                         */
-/*   rhs is B                                                         */
-/*   set is the context                                               */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* C must have space for set->digits digits.                          */
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-decNumber *
-decNumberDivideInteger (decNumber * res, const decNumber * lhs,
-			const decNumber * rhs, decContext * set)
-{
-  uInt status = 0;		/* accumulator */
-  decDivideOp (res, lhs, rhs, set, DIVIDEINT, &status);
-  if (status != 0)
-    decStatus (res, status, set);
+/*								      */
+/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A and/or B (e.g., X=X#X)	      */
+/*   lhs is A							      */
+/*   rhs is B							      */
+/*   set is the context						      */
+/*								      */
+/* C must have space for set->digits digits.			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decNumber * decNumberDivideInteger(decNumber *res, const decNumber *lhs,
+				   const decNumber *rhs, decContext *set) {
+  uInt status=0;			/* accumulator */
+  decDivideOp(res, lhs, rhs, set, DIVIDEINT, &status);
+  if (status!=0) decStatus(res, status, set);
   return res;
-}
-
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* decNumberMax -- compare two Numbers and return the maximum         */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   This computes C = A ? B, returning the maximum or A if equal     */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A and/or B (e.g., X=X?X)         */
-/*   lhs is A                                                         */
-/*   rhs is B                                                         */
-/*   set is the context                                               */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* C must have space for set->digits digits.                          */
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-decNumber *
-decNumberMax (decNumber * res, const decNumber * lhs,
-	      const decNumber * rhs, decContext * set)
-{
-  uInt status = 0;		/* accumulator */
-  decCompareOp (res, lhs, rhs, set, COMPMAX, &status);
-  if (status != 0)
-    decStatus (res, status, set);
+  } /* decNumberDivideInteger */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decNumberExp -- exponentiation				      */
+/*								      */
+/*   This computes C = exp(A)					      */
+/*								      */
+/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A				      */
+/*   rhs is A							      */
+/*   set is the context; note that rounding mode has no effect	      */
+/*								      */
+/* C must have space for set->digits digits.			      */
+/*								      */
+/* Mathematical function restrictions apply (see above); a NaN is     */
+/* returned with Invalid_operation if a restriction is violated.      */
+/*								      */
+/* Finite results will always be full precision and Inexact, except   */
+/* when A is a zero or -Infinity (giving 1 or 0 respectively).	      */
+/*								      */
+/* An Inexact result is rounded using DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN; it will    */
+/* almost always be correctly rounded, but may be up to 1 ulp in      */
+/* error in rare cases.						      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* This is a wrapper for decExpOp which can handle the slightly wider */
+/* (double) range needed by Ln (which has to be able to calculate     */
+/* exp(-a) where a can be the tiniest number (Ntiny).		      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decNumber * decNumberExp(decNumber *res, const decNumber *rhs,
+			 decContext *set) {
+  uInt status=0;			/* accumulator */
+  #if DECSUBSET
+  decNumber *allocrhs=NULL;	   /* non-NULL if rounded rhs allocated */
+  #endif
+
+  #if DECCHECK
+  if (decCheckOperands(res, DECUNUSED, rhs, set)) return res;
+  #endif
+
+  /* Check restrictions; these restrictions ensure that if h=8 (see */
+  /* decExpOp) then the result will either overflow or underflow to 0. */
+  /* Other math functions restrict the input range, too, for inverses. */
+  /* If not violated then carry out the operation. */
+  if (!decCheckMath(rhs, set, &status)) do { /* protect allocation */
+    #if DECSUBSET
+    if (!set->extended) {
+      /* reduce operand and set lostDigits status, as needed */
+      if (rhs->digits>set->digits) {
+	allocrhs=decRoundOperand(rhs, set, &status);
+	if (allocrhs==NULL) break;
+	rhs=allocrhs;
+	}
+      }
+    #endif
+    decExpOp(res, rhs, set, &status);
+    } while(0);				/* end protected */
+
+  #if DECSUBSET
+  if (allocrhs !=NULL) free(allocrhs);	/* drop any storage used */
+  #endif
+  /* apply significant status */
+  if (status!=0) decStatus(res, status, set);
+  #if DECCHECK
+  decCheckInexact(res, set);
+  #endif
   return res;
-}
-
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* decNumberMin -- compare two Numbers and return the minimum         */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   This computes C = A ? B, returning the minimum or A if equal     */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A and/or B (e.g., X=X?X)         */
-/*   lhs is A                                                         */
-/*   rhs is B                                                         */
-/*   set is the context                                               */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* C must have space for set->digits digits.                          */
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-decNumber *
-decNumberMin (decNumber * res, const decNumber * lhs,
-	      const decNumber * rhs, decContext * set)
-{
-  uInt status = 0;		/* accumulator */
-  decCompareOp (res, lhs, rhs, set, COMPMIN, &status);
-  if (status != 0)
-    decStatus (res, status, set);
+  } /* decNumberExp */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decNumberFMA -- fused multiply add				      */
+/*								      */
+/*   This computes D = (A * B) + C with only one rounding	      */
+/*								      */
+/*   res is D, the result.  D may be A or B or C (e.g., X=FMA(X,X,X)) */
+/*   lhs is A							      */
+/*   rhs is B							      */
+/*   fhs is C [far hand side]					      */
+/*   set is the context						      */
+/*								      */
+/* Mathematical function restrictions apply (see above); a NaN is     */
+/* returned with Invalid_operation if a restriction is violated.      */
+/*								      */
+/* C must have space for set->digits digits.			      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decNumber * decNumberFMA(decNumber *res, const decNumber *lhs,
+			 const decNumber *rhs, const decNumber *fhs,
+			 decContext *set) {
+  uInt status=0;		   /* accumulator */
+  decContext dcmul;		   /* context for the multiplication */
+  uInt needbytes;		   /* for space calculations */
+  decNumber bufa[D2N(DECBUFFER*2+1)];
+  decNumber *allocbufa=NULL;	   /* -> allocated bufa, iff allocated */
+  decNumber *acc;		   /* accumulator pointer */
+  decNumber dzero;		   /* work */
+
+  #if DECCHECK
+  if (decCheckOperands(res, lhs, rhs, set)) return res;
+  if (decCheckOperands(res, fhs, DECUNUSED, set)) return res;
+  #endif
+
+  do {					/* protect allocated storage */
+    #if DECSUBSET
+    if (!set->extended) {		/* [undefined if subset] */
+      status|=DEC_Invalid_operation;
+      break;}
+    #endif
+    /* Check math restrictions [these ensure no overflow or underflow] */
+    if ((!decNumberIsSpecial(lhs) && decCheckMath(lhs, set, &status))
+     || (!decNumberIsSpecial(rhs) && decCheckMath(rhs, set, &status))
+     || (!decNumberIsSpecial(fhs) && decCheckMath(fhs, set, &status))) break;
+    /* set up context for multiply */
+    dcmul=*set;
+    dcmul.digits=lhs->digits+rhs->digits; /* just enough */
+    /* [The above may be an over-estimate for subset arithmetic, but that's OK] */
+    dcmul.emax=DEC_MAX_EMAX;		/* effectively unbounded .. */
+    dcmul.emin=DEC_MIN_EMIN;		/* [thanks to Math restrictions] */
+    /* set up decNumber space to receive the result of the multiply */
+    acc=bufa;				/* may fit */
+    needbytes=sizeof(decNumber)+(D2U(dcmul.digits)-1)*sizeof(Unit);
+    if (needbytes>sizeof(bufa)) {	/* need malloc space */
+      allocbufa=(decNumber *)malloc(needbytes);
+      if (allocbufa==NULL) {		/* hopeless -- abandon */
+	status|=DEC_Insufficient_storage;
+	break;}
+      acc=allocbufa;			/* use the allocated space */
+      }
+    /* multiply with extended range and necessary precision */
+    /*printf("emin=%ld\n", dcmul.emin); */
+    decMultiplyOp(acc, lhs, rhs, &dcmul, &status);
+    /* Only Invalid operation (from sNaN or Inf * 0) is possible in */
+    /* status; if either is seen than ignore fhs (in case it is */
+    /* another sNaN) and set acc to NaN unless we had an sNaN */
+    /* [decMultiplyOp leaves that to caller] */
+    /* Note sNaN has to go through addOp to shorten payload if */
+    /* necessary */
+    if ((status&DEC_Invalid_operation)!=0) {
+      if (!(status&DEC_sNaN)) {		/* but be true invalid */
+	decNumberZero(res);		/* acc not yet set */
+	res->bits=DECNAN;
+	break;
+	}
+      decNumberZero(&dzero);		/* make 0 (any non-NaN would do) */
+      fhs=&dzero;			/* use that */
+      }
+    #if DECCHECK
+     else { /* multiply was OK */
+      if (status!=0) printf("Status=%08lx after FMA multiply\n", status);
+      }
+    #endif
+    /* add the third operand and result -> res, and all is done */
+    decAddOp(res, acc, fhs, set, 0, &status);
+    } while(0);				/* end protected */
+
+  if (allocbufa!=NULL) free(allocbufa); /* drop any storage used */
+  if (status!=0) decStatus(res, status, set);
+  #if DECCHECK
+  decCheckInexact(res, set);
+  #endif
   return res;
-}
-
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* decNumberMinus -- prefix minus operator                            */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   This computes C = 0 - A                                          */
-/*                                                                    */
-/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A                                */
-/*   rhs is A                                                         */
-/*   set is the context                                               */
-/*                                                                    */
-/* C must have space for set->digits digits.                          */
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-/* We simply use AddOp for the subtract, which will do the necessary. */
-/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-decNumber *
-decNumberMinus (decNumber * res, const decNumber * rhs, decContext * set)
-{
-  decNumber dzero;
-  uInt status = 0;		/* accumulator */
-
-#if DECCHECK
-  if (decCheckOperands (res, DECUNUSED, rhs, set))
+  } /* decNumberFMA */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decNumberInvert -- invert a Number, digitwise		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   This computes C = ~A					      */
+/*								      */
+/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A (e.g., X=~X)		      */
+/*   rhs is A							      */
+/*   set is the context (used for result length and error report)     */
+/*								      */
+/* C must have space for set->digits digits.			      */
+/*								      */
+/* Logical function restrictions apply (see above); a NaN is	      */
+/* returned with Invalid_operation if a restriction is violated.      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decNumber * decNumberInvert(decNumber *res, const decNumber *rhs,
+			    decContext *set) {
+  const Unit *ua, *msua;		/* -> operand and its msu */
+  Unit	*uc, *msuc;			/* -> result and its msu */
+  Int	msudigs;			/* digits in res msu */
+  #if DECCHECK
+  if (decCheckOperands(res, DECUNUSED, rhs, set)) return res;
+  #endif
+
+  if (rhs->exponent!=0 || decNumberIsSpecial(rhs) || decNumberIsNegative(rhs)) {
+    decStatus(res, DEC_Invalid_operation, set);
     return res;
-#endif
+    }
+  /* operand is valid */
+  ua=rhs->lsu;				/* bottom-up */
+  uc=res->lsu;				/* .. */
+  msua=ua+D2U(rhs->digits)-1;		/* -> msu of rhs */
+  msuc=uc+D2U(set->digits)-1;		/* -> msu of result */
+  msudigs=MSUDIGITS(set->digits);	/* [faster than remainder] */
+  for (; uc<=msuc; ua++, uc++) {	/* Unit loop */
+    Unit a;				/* extract unit */
+    Int	 i, j;				/* work */
+    if (ua>msua) a=0;
+     else a=*ua;
+    *uc=0;				/* can now write back */
+    /* always need to examine all bits in rhs */
+    /* This loop could be unrolled and/or use BIN2BCD tables */
+    for (i=0; i<DECDPUN; i++) {
+      if ((~a)&1) *uc=*uc+(Unit)powers[i];   /* effect INVERT */
+      j=a%10;
+      a=a/10;
+      if (j>1) {
+	decStatus(res, DEC_Invalid_operation, set);
+	return res;
+	}
+      if (uc==msuc && i==msudigs-1) break;   /* just did final digit */
+      } /* each digit */
+    } /* each unit */
+  /* [here uc-1 is the msu of the result] */
+  res->digits=decGetDigits(res->lsu, uc-res->lsu);
+  res->exponent=0;			/* integer */
+  res->bits=0;				/* sign=0 */
+  return res;  /* [no status to set] */
+  } /* decNumberInvert */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decNumberLn -- natural logarithm				      */
+/*								      */
+/*   This computes C = ln(A)					      */
+/*								      */
+/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A				      */
+/*   rhs is A							      */
+/*   set is the context; note that rounding mode has no effect	      */
+/*								      */
+/* C must have space for set->digits digits.			      */
+/*								      */
+/* Notable cases:						      */
+/*   A<0 -> Invalid						      */
+/*   A=0 -> -Infinity (Exact)					      */
+/*   A=+Infinity -> +Infinity (Exact)				      */
+/*   A=1 exactly -> 0 (Exact)					      */
+/*								      */
+/* Mathematical function restrictions apply (see above); a NaN is     */
+/* returned with Invalid_operation if a restriction is violated.      */
+/*								      */
+/* An Inexact result is rounded using DEC_ROUND_HALF_EVEN; it will    */
+/* almost always be correctly rounded, but may be up to 1 ulp in      */
+/* error in rare cases.						      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* This is a wrapper for decLnOp which can handle the slightly wider  */
+/* (+11) range needed by Ln, Log10, etc. (which may have to be able   */
+/* to calculate at p+e+2).					      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decNumber * decNumberLn(decNumber *res, const decNumber *rhs,
+			decContext *set) {
+  uInt status=0;		   /* accumulator */
+  #if DECSUBSET
+  decNumber *allocrhs=NULL;	   /* non-NULL if rounded rhs allocated */
+  #endif
+
+  #if DECCHECK
+  if (decCheckOperands(res, DECUNUSED, rhs, set)) return res;
+  #endif
+
+  /* Check restrictions; this is a math function; if not violated */
+  /* then carry out the operation. */
+  if (!decCheckMath(rhs, set, &status)) do { /* protect allocation */
+    #if DECSUBSET
+    if (!set->extended) {
+      /* reduce operand and set lostDigits status, as needed */
+      if (rhs->digits>set->digits) {
+	allocrhs=decRoundOperand(rhs, set, &status);
+	if (allocrhs==NULL) break;
+	rhs=allocrhs;
+	}
+      /* special check in subset for rhs=0 */
+      if (ISZERO(rhs)) {		/* +/- zeros -> error */
+	status|=DEC_Invalid_operation;
+	break;}
+      } /* extended=0 */
+    #endif
+    decLnOp(res, rhs, set, &status);
+    } while(0);				/* end protected */
+
+  #if DECSUBSET
+  if (allocrhs !=NULL) free(allocrhs);	/* drop any storage used */
+  #endif
+  /* apply significant status */
+  if (status!=0) decStatus(res, status, set);
+  #if DECCHECK
+  decCheckInexact(res, set);
+  #endif
+  return res;
+  } /* decNumberLn */
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* decNumberLogB - get adjusted exponent, by 754r rules		      */
+/*								      */
+/*   This computes C = adjustedexponent(A)			      */
+/*								      */
+/*   res is C, the result.  C may be A				      */
+/*   rhs is A							      */
+/*   set is the context, used only for digits and status	      */
+/*								      */
+/* C must have space for 10 digits (A might have 10**9 digits and     */
+/* an exponent of [phone], or one digit and an exponent of	      */
+/* -1999999999).						      */
+/*								      */
+/* This returns the adjusted exponent of A after (in theory) padding  */
+/* with zeros on the right to set->digits digits while keeping the    */
+/* same value.	The exponent is not limited by emin/emax.	      */
+/*								      */
+/* Notable cases:						      */
+/*   A<0 -> Use |A|						      */
+/*   A=0 -> -Infinity (Division by zero)			      */
+/*   A=Infinite -> +Infinity (Exact)				      */
+/*   A=1 exactly -> 0 (Exact)					      */
+/*   NaNs are propagated as usual				      */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+decNumber * decNumberLogB(decNumber *res, const decNumber *rhs,
+			  decContext *set) {
+  uInt status=0;		   /* accumulator */
+
+  #if DECCHECK
+  if (decCheckOperands(res, DECUNUSED, rhs, set)) return res;
+  #endif
+
+  /* NaNs as usual; Infinities return +Infinity; 0->oops */
+  if (decNumberIsNaN(rhs)) decNaNs(res, rhs, NULL, set, &status);
+   else if (decNumberIsInfinite(rhs)) decNumberCopyAbs(res, rhs);
+   else if (decNumberIsZero(rhs)) {
+    decNumberZero(res);			/* prepare for Infinity */
+    res->bits=DECNEG|DECINF;		/* -Infinity */
+    status|=DEC_Division_by_zero;	/* as per 754r */
+    }
+   else { /* finite non-zero */
+    Int ae=rhs->exponent+rhs->digits-1; /* adjusted exponent */
+    decNumberFromInt32(res, ae)